Calorimetry – Heat of Reaction

A. Determination of Enthalpy of Neutralization

Acid: HCl
Base: NaOH
Acid Base
Concentration, M 2.00 M 2.00 M
Initial Volume 50.0 ml 50.0 ml
Initial Temperature (TI), oC 20 oC 20 oC
Final Temperature (TF), oC 33.62 oC 33.62 oC

Balanced chemical equation: HCl + NaOH → 𝐻2𝑂 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

Calculate:
a) Heat lost by the reaction, kJ

qrxn = −𝑞 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = −(𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)(𝑆𝑝 ℎ𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)(𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)

1.00𝑔
∗ 𝑚 = 50.0 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 50.0 𝑔
1 𝑚𝐿
∗ ∆𝑇 = 33.62℃ − 20℃ = 13.62℃
𝐽
∗𝐶
𝐽
𝑞𝑟𝑥𝑛 = −(50.0 𝑔) (4.184 ) (𝑇𝐹 − 𝑇𝐶) 𝑔 ℃
𝐽
= −(50.0 𝑔) (4.184 ) (33.63℃ − 20℃)
𝑔℃
𝐽
= −(50.0 𝑔) (4.184) (13.62℃) = −2,849.3 𝐽
𝑔℃

b) Moles of water formed = 𝐻20

𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

𝐻20 = 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

c) Enthalpy of neutralization, kJ/mol

− ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡, 𝐽 𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ( )()
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐽

−2,849.3 𝐽 1 𝑘𝐽
)(
= ( 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000 𝐽 )

= −1.42
𝑘𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

B. Determination of Enthalpy of Solution

Name and chemical formula of the solid compound: Sodium chloride Molar
𝑔
mass, g/mol: 58.44 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
Solid compound Water
Mass, g 5.0 g 100.0 g
Initial Temperature (TI), 20 oC 20 oC
o
C
Final Temperature (TF), 19.24 oC 19.24 oC
o
C
Mass (solid compd + 105.0 g
water)

Balanced chemical equation: 𝐻2𝑂 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 → HCl + NaOH

Calculate:
a) Heat absorbed by the calorimeter, kJ

qcal = 𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙∆𝑡

𝑪water = 𝒎water · 𝑺𝒑 𝒉𝒕water

 𝐽 𝐽
= (100.0 𝑔) (4.184 ) = 418.4
𝑔℃ ℃

qcal = 𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑡

𝐽
𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙 = (418.4 ) (−0.76℃)
℃
= −318 𝐽

b) Moles of the solid compound = NaCl mass of NaCl = 5 g mass of 1 mol NaCl =

5𝑔
58.44 g number of moles (NaCl) = ⁄58.44 𝑔 = 0.09 moles

c) Enthalpy of solution, kJ/mol

H = 𝐻𝑠𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒− 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑞𝑠𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑

−(−318 𝐽) 1 𝑘𝐽
=( )( )
0.09 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 1000 𝐽

= 3.53
𝑘𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙

d) Is the process exothermic or endothermic?

- Exothermic because the energy level of the reactants which was the energy
that has been released during the reaction, is higher that the energy level of
the products.

What is the major source of error in this experiment?

- Major sources of error include instrumental, procedural and personal error. All
of these error can be either random or systematic depending on how they
affect the results. Personal error happens when you might have used an
incorrect quantity of a chemical or skipped a step in a protocol.