New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

x2
5. (a)  9 – 4x
3
Topics in Book 3A x + 2  –3(9 – 4x) 1M
x + 2  –27 + 12x
Solutions –11x  –29 1M
7
x2 1A
Short Questions 11
1. (a) 9x0 = 9(1)
=9 1M+1A (b) The required positive integers are 1 and 2. 1A+1A

p 2 1.5
(b) = p–2 – 5 1M 6. Weight of a bug X = kg 1M
p5 500 000
= p–7 = 0.000 003 kg
1 = 3  10–6 kg 1A
= 7 1A
p
7. Number of periods = 4  0.5 1M
(c) (u–4)–3 = u(–4)(–3) 1M =8
= u12 1A Number of bacteria after 4 hours = 30 000  (1 + 50%)8 1M+1A
= 769 000, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
2. (a) 6.5  104 = 65 000 1A
8. (a) Weighted mean mark of Ben
(b) 3.12  10–5 = 0.000 031 2 1A 60  3  81  4  90  2
= 1M+1A
3 4 2
3. (a) x2 – 9 = x2 – 32 1M = 76 1A
= (x + 3)(x – 3) 1A Weighted mean mark of Jane
70  3  75  4  78  2
=
3 4 2
(b) y2 + 8y + 16 = y2 + 2(y)(4) + 42 1M
= 74 1A
= (y + 4)2 1A

(b) ∵ 76 > 74 1M
4. ∴ Ben’s performance is better. 1A

0 30 1M+1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.1 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.2
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

9. (a) In △PXY and △PQR, 12. In △PXZ and △PYZ,

PX 8 cm 2 ∵ PQR = PRQ given
  
PQ (8  4) cm 3  ∴ PQ = PR sides opp. eq. s 1M
PY 6 cm 2  ∵ XZ and YZ are the perpendicular
  1M bisectors of PQ and PR respectively. given
PR (6  3) cm 3  ∴ PX = XQ and PY = YR
PX PY 

∴
PQ PR  i.e. PX =
PQ
and PY =
PR
1M 2 2
XPY = QPR common angle
∴ PX = PY 1M
∴ △PXY ~ △PQR ratio of 2 sides, inc.  1A
PXZ = PYZ = 90 1M
PZ = PZ common side 1M
(b) ∵ △PXY ~ △PQR proved in (a) ∴ △PXZ  △PYZ RHS 1M
∴ PXY = PQR corr. s, ~△s 1M ∴ XPZ = YPZ corr. s, △s 1M
∴ XY // QR corr. s equal 1A i.e. PZ bisects QPR. 1A
Alternative
10. Mean Extend PZ to meet QR at M.
30  32  33  33  33  37  37  45  46  69
= 1M+1A P
10
= 39.5 1A
Median
33  37 X Z Y
= 1M
2
= 35 1A
Mode = 33 1A Q R
M
1M
11. (a) Number of female customers in May ∵ PQM = PRM given
= 9 000  (1 – 40%) 1M ∴ PQ = PR sides opp. eq. s 1M
∵ XZ and YZ are the perpendicular
= 9 000  (1 – 0.4)
bisectors of PQ and PR respectively. given
= 9 000  0.6 ∴ Z is the circumcentre of △PQR. 1M
= 5 400 1A ∴ PM is the perpendicular bisector of QR. 1M
∴ PMQ = PMR = 90 1M
(b) Drop in the total number of customers
∴ QPM = RPM property of isos. △ 1M
= (9 000 – 5 400)  4% + 5 400  10% 1M
i.e. PZ bisects QPR. 1A
= 3 600  0.04 + 5 400  0.1
= 684
Percentage decrease in the total number of customers
684
= 100% 1M
9 000
= 7.6% 1A
∵ 7.6% > 6% 1M
∴ The claim is agreed. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.3 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.4
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

Long Questions (b) For bank B,

24%
interest rate per month = = 2% 1M
13. (a) xz  3yz = z(x  3y) 1M+1A 12
Taking a month as a period,
(b) x2 + 11xy  42y2 = (x + 14y)(x  3y) 1M+1A number of periods in 3 years = 3  12 = 36 1M
interest = $62 500  [(1 + 2%)36  1] 1M
= $64 992.95… 1A
(c) x2 + 11xy – 42y2 – xz + 3yz = (x2 + 11xy – 42y2)  (xz  3yz) 1M
= (x + 14y)(x  3y)  z(x  3y) 1M Return received by Mr Lee
= (x  3y)(x + 14y  z) 1A = $(64 992.95… – 6 000  3) 1M
= $46 992.95…
14. (a) Let n be the number of $5 coins. > $45 500 1M
Then, the number of $2 coins is 2n. ∴ He should choose bank B. 1A

5n + 2(2n)  90 1M
5n + 4n  90 16. (a) Monthly salaries of the employees in a
9n  90 company

n  10 1A
∴ The maximum number of $5 coins is 10. 1A 50

Cumulative frequency
(b) Let m be the number of $5 coins. 40

Then, the number of $2 coins is 25  m. 30

5m + 2(25  m)  90 1M
5m + 50  2m  90 20
P84
3m  40
10
1 median
m  13 1A
3 0
∵ m is an integer. 1M 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5
Monthly salary ($1 000)
∴ The maximum value of m is 13.
∴ The maximum number of $5 coins is 13. 1A Median = the 25th datum 1M
= $30 000 1A
15. (a) Let $x be the sum of money. P84 = the 42th datum 1M
45 500 = x[(1 + 20%)3  1] 1M+1A = $36 000 1A
45 500 = x(0.728)
x = 62 500 (b) Monthly salary Class mark
Frequency
∴ The sum of money is $62 500. 1A ($1 000) ($1 000)
18–22 20 5
23–27 25 10
28–32 30 20
33–37 35 10
38–42 40 5 3A

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.5 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.6
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

(c) From the result of (b), (b) In △PQZ and △RSZ,

the class interval with the highest frequency is $28 000$32 000. ∵ PQ // SR given
∴ The modal class of the monthly salaries is $28 000$32 000. 1A ∴ PQZ = RSZ alt. s, PQ // SR
Mean of the monthly salaries PZQ = RZS vert. opp. s
20 000  5  25 000  10  30 000  20  35 000  10  40 000  5 QZ = SZ given
=$ 1M+1A ∴ △PQZ  △RSZ ASA 1M
5  10  20  10  5
∴ PZ = RZ corr. sides, △s 1M
= $30 000 1A
∴ QZ is a median of △PQR. 1A
∵ Y is the point of intersection of medians
17. (a) EB16 = 14  16 + 11  1 1M 1M
RX and QZ.
= 224 + 11 ∴ Y is the centroid of △PQR. 1A
= 235 1A

(b) 111010012 = 1  27 + 1  26 + 1  25 + 0  24 + 1  23 + 0  22 +
02+11 1M+1M
= 128 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 1
= 233 1A
∵ 233 < 235 1M
∴ 111010012 is not greater than EB16 . 1A

18. (a) (i) In △PRX,

∵ RX = PX given
∴ XRP = XPR =  base s, isos. △ 1M
In △PRQ,
∵ PR is an altitude of △PQR. given
∴ PRQ = 90 1M
QRX = PRQ – XRP
i.e. QRX = 90   1A

(ii) In △PQR,
PQR = 180  PRQ    sum of △
= 180  90  
= 90   1A
In △RXQ,
∵ PQR = QRX = 90  
∴ QX = RX sides opp. eq. s 1M
∵ RX = PX given
∴ QX = PX 1M
∴ RX is a median of △PQR. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.7 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.8
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

Multiple-choice Questions Solutions

Answers 1. The answer is B.

(–30)5 = (–1)5
No. Answer = –1
1. B
2. C 2. The answer is C.
3. A 1 – 4m2 = 1 – (2m)2
4. A = (1 + 2m)(1 – 2m)
5. D
6. D 3. The answer is A.
7. B
8. C 4. The answer is A.
9. A
10. B 5. The answer is D.
11. C
12. C 6. The answer is D.
13. B x2 + x – 12 = (x – 3)(x + 4)
14. D ∴ x + 4 is a factor of x2 + x – 12.
15. C
16. B
7. The answer is B.
17. C
–x  6 + 2x
18. D
19. C –3x  6
20. B x  –2
21. A Graphical Representation:
22. B
23. B
24. C –2 0
25. D
26. D
8. The answer is C.
27. C
Arrange the data in ascending order:
28. A
29. B 21 cm, 21 cm, 21 cm, 23 cm, 24 cm, 27 cm, 29 cm, 29 cm, 30 cm
30. A ∴ The median of the lengths of the metal bars
= 24 cm

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.9 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.10
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

9. The answer is A. For III:

Let r% be the interest rate per annum. There is no sufficient information to show that PQ = RP.
200 = 8 000  r%  5 ∴ III may not be true.
r ∴ Only I and II must be true.
200 = 8 000  5
100
200 = 400r 12. The answer is C.
r = 0.5 Net chargeable income
∴ The interest rate per annum is 0.5%. = $(880 000 – 100 000)
= $780 000
10. The answer is B. Salaries tax payable
Number of periods = 2020 – 2015 = $[40 000  3% + 40 000  7% + (780 000 – 40 000 – 40 000)  15%]
=5 = $(40 000  0.03 + 40 000  0.07 + 700 000  0.15)
The value of the tablet computer in 2020 = $109 000
= $5 000  (1 – 20%)5
= $5 000  0.85 13. The answer is B.
= $1 638.4 From the given information, PQS = RQS and PRS = QRS.
Let PQS = RQS = x and PRS = QRS = y.
11. The answer is C. In △PQR,
For I: PQR + PRQ + 70 = 180
In △PQR and △RSP,
2x + 2y = 110
RQ = PS given
x + y = 55
QRP = SPR given
In △SQR,
PR = RP common side
SQR + SRQ + QSR = 180
∴ △PQR  △RSP SAS
x + y + QSR = 180
∴ I must be true.
55 + QSR = 180
For II:
QSR = 125
In △PQR and △RSP,
RQ
∵ 1 14. The answer is D.
PS
PR 4x2 – 5x – 6 = (4x + 3)(x – 2)
1
RP ∴ m = 3 and n = –2.
RQ PR
∴  1
PS RP 15. The answer is C.
QRP = SPR given
∴ △PQR ~ △RSP ratio of 2 sides, inc. 
∴ II must be true.
Alternative
∵ △PQR  △RSP
∴ △PQR ~ △RSP
∴ II must be true.

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.11 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.12
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

16. The answer is B. 20. The answer is B.

6 x  15  2 4x2 – 4x + 1 – 9y2 = (2x)2 – 2(2x)(1) + 12 – (3y)2
= 12
x2 = (2x – 1)2 – (3y)2
6x + 30 = 12(x + 2) = [(2x – 1) + 3y][(2x – 1) – 3y]
6x + 30 = 12x + 24 = (2x + 3y – 1)(2x – 3y – 1)
–6x = –6
x=1 21. The answer is A.
For I:
17. The answer is C. ∵ △PQN ~ △NRS given
∵ The mode is 3. ∴ PNQ = NSR corr. s, ~△s
In △SNR,
∴ ‘3’ is the datum with the highest frequency, which is 6.
SNR + NSR + 90 = 180  sum of △
∴ The frequency of ‘2’ must be smaller than 6.
SNR + NSR = 90
i.e. k < 6
SNR + PNQ = 90
∵ k is a positive integer.
SNR + PNS + PNQ = 180 adj. s on st. line
∴ The maximum possible value of k is 5.
PNS + 90 = 180
PNS = 90
18. The answer is D. i.e. PN  NS
x 9 y 6 x 9 y 6 ∴ I is true.
1 3 5
= ( 1)( 5) 3( 5)
(x y ) x y For II:
x 9 y 6 SPQ + PQR = 90 + 90 = 180
= 5 15
x y ∴ PS // QR int. s supp.
y 6( 15 ) ∴ PNQ = SPN alt. s, PS // QR
=
x 5  ( 9 ) NQP = PNS = 90 proved in I
y 21 ∴ △PQN ~ △SNP AAA
= 14
x ∴ II is true.
For III:
19. The answer is C.
In △PQN,
x 3 x
  –2 NP = 6 2  4.52 cm
4 5
 x 3 x  = 7.5 cm
20    (20)(–2)
4 5  ∵ △PQN ~ △SNP
5x – 4(3 – x)  –40 ∴
NP
=
QN
5x – 12 + 4x  –40 PS NP
9x  –28 7.5 cm 4.5 cm
=
1 PS 7.5 cm
x 3
9 PS = 12.5 cm
∴ The required greatest integer is –4. ∴ III is not true.

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.13 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.14
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

Alternative 24. The answer is C.

RS = PQ = 6 cm Let r be the original base radius and h be the original height.
∵ △PQN ~ △NRS 2r  (1 + x%)  h  (1 – 80%) = 2rh
∴
PQ
=
QN (1 + x%)(0.2) = 1
NR RS x
6 cm 4.5 cm 1 =5
= 100
NR 6 cm x
=4
NR = 8 cm 100
PS = QN + NR x = 400
= (4.5 + 8) cm
= 12.5 cm 25. The answer is D.
∴ III is not true. ( n  2)  180 360
  148
∴ Only I and II are true. n n
180 n  360  360
 148
n
22. The answer is B.
180n – 720  148n
Let V be the original price of the toy car.
32n  720
New price = V(1 + 80%)(1 – 25%)
n  22.5
= V(1.8)(0.75)
∵ n is a positive integer.
= 1.35V
∴ The minimum value of n is 23.
Overall percentage change
1.35V  V
= 100% 26. The answer is D.
V
0.35V For I:
=  100%
V In △PUT and △RST,
= +35% ∵ PQRSTU is a regular hexagon. given
∴ PU = RS
23. The answer is B. PUT = RST
Let n be the original number of basketball players. UT = ST
180 n  195  3 ∴ △PUT  △RST SAS
= 183 ∴ I must be true.
n3
180n + 585 = 183(n + 3) For II:
180n + 585 = 183n + 549 In △PQT and △RQT,
–3n = –36 ∵ △PUT  △RST proved in I
∴ PT = RT corr. sides, △s
n = 12
QT = QT common sides
∴ There are 12 basketball players in the team originally.
∵ PQRSTU is a regular hexagon. given
∴ PQ = RQ
∴ △PQT  △RQT SSS
∴ II must be true.

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.15 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.16
 New Century Mathematics (2nd edition) New Century Mathematics (2nd edition)

For III: 30. The answer is A.

In △PQR, For III:
PQ = RQ proved in II When k = 0, all the data become 0.
∵ △PQT  △RQT proved in II ∴ There is no mode in the new data set after the change.
∴ PQT = RQT corr. s, △s ∴ III may not be true.
∴ PR  QT property of isos. △ ∴ Only I and II must be true.
∴ III must be true.
∴ I, II and III must be true.

27. The answer is C.

27x3 + 64y3 = (3x)3 + (4y)3
= (3x + 4y)[(3x)2 – (3x)(4y) + (4y)2]
= (3x + 4y)(9x2 – 12xy + 16y2)

28. The answer is A.

C00000000516 = 12  169 + 5  1
= 12  (24)9 + 5
= 12  24  9 + 5
= 12  236 + 5

29. The answer is B.

For I:
∵ 2+4=6
i.e. The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line segments is not greater than
that of the longest one.
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
For II:
∵ 3+3>5
i.e. The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line segments is greater than that of
the longest one.
∴ The set of line segments can form a triangle.
For III:
∵ 2+1<4
i.e. The sum of the lengths of the two shorter line segments is not greater than
that of the longest one.
∴ The set of line segments cannot form a triangle.
∴ Only the set of line segments in II can form a triangle.

© Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.17 © Oxford University Press 2020 Book 3A Solutions P.18