ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

‘‘KLEPTOMANIA AND OBSESSIVE AND COMPULSIVE”

SUPERVISOR:

Mrs. Dina Sukma

ARRANGED BY:

Phyu Sin Yadanar Thein

19006243

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2021
Definition of Kleptomania and obsessive and compulsive
Behavioral Characteristics
Kleptomania (Greek: κλέπτειν, kleptein, "steal", μανία, "mania") is a mental illness that makes sufferers unable to resist the urge to collect or hoard goods. People with this disorder are dr
1. Repetition of stealing objects that are not needed by the individual concerned or sometimes they are given to others. The things taken are things that have no value, no value.
2. Continuous increase of push before stealing.
3. There is a sense of pleasure when stealing successfully done.
4. The process of stealing is not motivated by anger or a desire for revenge and is not caused by delusions and hallucinations.
5. The behavior is not caused by conduct disorder, manic episodes in bipolar disorder, or antisocial personality disorder.
6. Kleptomania people will usually experience stress before taking and also he has no guilt.
7. Generally Sufferers Can Afford to Buy the Goods He Stole.
8. Sufferers Will Feel Tense When Seeing The Items, He Wants And Shortly Before Grabbing It. After Success, He Will Feel Happy and Relieved.
9. Sufferers take goods spontaneously and without complicated strategies and steps, often he leaves a trace and the trail leads to a single perpetrator that is himself.
10. The sufferer does not feel guilty after taking the item, even he will dare to wear it in front of the original owner, but some hide or even return it.

Causes of Behavior
Most research supports the opinion that a person with kleptomania has flexibility and dysfunction in his or her childhood. The urge to steal is an attempt to restore these shortcomings in e

KLEPTOMANIA AND
OBSESSIVE AND
Kleptomania, obsessive and compulsive disorders COMPULSIVE
Based on the understanding that this disorder is caused by an insatiable childhood that can cause anxiety or depression, many spiciater try to give anti-sad drugs. But m
A. Definition of Kleptomania and obsessive and compulsive

Kleptomania (Greek: κλέπτειν, kleptein, "steal", μανία, "mania") is a

mental illness that makes sufferers unable to resist the urge to collect or hoard
goods. People with this disorder are driven to steal items, generally worthless
items, such as stealing sugar, candy, and other items. The sufferer usually feels
subjective tension before stealing and feels relief or pleasure after they perform
the act of stealing. This action should be distinguished from the usual act of
stealing which is usually driven by profit motivation and has been pre-planned.

A person's inability to resist repeated urges to steal goods that are not
really necessary for personal use or that is not because of the value of the money.
His actions follow a certain pattern of feeling right before stealing and followed
by a sense of satisfaction or relief when the theft is carried out (Mc. Elroy and
Arnold, 2001).

Kleptomania was first officially recognized in the United States as a

mental disorder in the 1960s in the case of the state of California by Douglas
Jones. Of all reporting shoplifting, less than 5% were actually carried out by
kleptomaniacs’ disorder. Kleptomania is an unknown cause, although it may have
a genetic component and may be transmitted among first-degree relatives. There
also seems to be a strong tendency for kleptomania to coexist with obsessive-
compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and clinical depression.

Most people with kleptomania are female, a study at Stanford University

revealed, 62.5 percent of kleptomania sufferers are women while the remaining
37.5 percent are men. The average age when diagnosed positive for this
psychiatric disorder is 45.6 years. This disease is common in puberty and exists
until adulthood. In some cases, kleptomania is suffered for life. As for children, it
is difficult to judge whether someone is kleptomania.

Because sometimes children do not understand the limits of right or wrong

norms, they also do not understand about ownership whether this is mine or
someone else who should not be taken carelessly. Cases of klepto in children are
usually only seen as the delinquency of ordinary children. In adults, especially
famous people this case can have an impact on the destruction of the good name.
The sensation of tension experienced when stealing dominates them more than the
desire to own the object. Financially they can afford these things. But the tension
they feel when doing so is actually what makes them repeat the deed.
B. Behavioral Characteristics

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-

DSM IV-TR (text revision) published by the American Psychiatric Association
(4th Edition, 2000):

1. Repetition of stealing objects that are not needed by the individual concerned or
sometimes they are given to others. The things taken are things that have no value,
no value.

2. Continuous increase of push before stealing.

3. There is a sense of pleasure when stealing successfully done.

4. The process of stealing is not motivated by anger or a desire for revenge and is
not caused by delusions and hallucinations.

5. The behavior is not caused by conduct disorder, manic episodes in bipolar

disorder, or antisocial personality disorder.

6. Kleptomania people will usually experience stress before taking and also he has
no guilt.

7. Generally Sufferers Can Afford to Buy the Goods He Stole.

8. Sufferers Will Feel Tense When Seeing The Items, He Wants And Shortly
Before Grabbing It. After Success, He Will Feel Happy and Relieved.

9. Sufferers take goods spontaneously and without complicated strategies and

steps, often he leaves a trace and the trail leads to a single perpetrator that is
himself.

10. The sufferer does not feel guilty after taking the item, even he will dare to
wear it in front of the original owner, but some hide or even return it.
C. Causes of Behavior

The patient did not plan to steal. The urge to do that came out of the blue.
After realizing the situation, in general those who do this action feel embarrassed
and rarely report this behavior. What causes this condition is not yet known with
certainty. Some suspect from the psychodynamic view because there is a defense
against impulses, desires, conflicts or frightening needs in the subconscious.
These impulses or desires are a reflection of sexual or masochistic motives and
the act of stealing is the expenditure of impulses that indicate the narcissistic
mechanisms of the individual that are easily criticized to prevent self-reduction.

1. Traumatic events, or losses that hit him.

2. Form rebellion against a system.

3. Brain damage and CO (carbon monoxide) poisoning.

4. Abnormal amount of serotonin brain fluid.

Lack of love saying during childhood can also be the cause of the onset of
kleptomania, Psychologist from Pondok Indah Hospital Rosalina Vercuil M. Psi
explained that kleptomania is generally caused by lack of harmony in one's
relationship with family. For example, young children who get less attention or
control from their parents.

Most research supports the opinion that a person with kleptomania has
flexibility and dysfunction in his or her childhood. The urge to steal is an attempt
to restore these shortcomings in early childhood. Kleptomania is often found to be
part of the spectrum of affective disorder, or exhibit obsessive compulsive
symptoms including compulsive hand washing, cleaning, checking, collecting and
buying something or eating disorders especially bulimia. Kleptomania is closely
related to the serotonergic system. Kleptomania is a chronic disease, generally
beginning in late adolescence and then continuing a few years later.
D. Kleptomania, obsessive and compulsive disorders

Based on the understanding that this disorder is caused by an insatiable

childhood that can cause anxiety or depression, many spiciater try to give anti-sad
drugs. But many cure sufferers by approaching psychotherapy by improving
behavior or changing the way the patient's understanding of himself. Actually,
kleptomania can be treated drugs commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive,
anti-depressant diseases such as PROZAC, PAXI or ZOLOFF. Healing with a
psychotherapy approach with an understanding orientation takes a long time can
be 2-3 years. It's a good approach to get to know himself through meditation. With
meditation, the sufferer is taught to focus his mind. If he can do concentration of
the mind and then he can sleep soundly, then this balance obtained will improve
the function of the system in his body. The autonomic nervous system, immune
system and hormonal system will work together in a balanced state that affects the
neurotransmitter system. The balance of these neurotransmitters will increase the
child's awareness that leads to self-understanding. If with himself he has not been
able to understand himself and control himself, then the child needs to be handled
by a psychiatrist to get meditation psychotherapy so that the understanding
process can be obtained faster.

If the problem is more caused by an insatiable childhood, then repairing

past traumas is very helpful for children to understand themselves. The child will
be brought to feel what happened as a child and solve the problem. If the problem
of childhood has been understood as long as the emergence of the problem, then it
is expected that editing from the beginning of the problem to the present state will
occur automatically done by himself. With this child meditating for 10 minutes
every day twice, it is expected that self-discipline has been formed, self-control
has been trained so that the emergence of impulses to steal can be immediately
realized and prevented from acting.

The therapies used in the healing of kleptomania are cognitive-behavioral

therapy (CBT), family therapy, psychodynamic therapy, self-group therapy and
rational emotive therapy. In CBT individuals are expected to identify wrong
behaviors, negative thoughts and change those thoughts and behaviors more
healthily. In cognitive-behavioral therapy and rational emotive therapy given
several treatments such as covert sensitization, where the individual is recorded
secretly while doing shoplifting, the results of the recording will be shown to the
individual with a briefing on the social consequences of his behavior. Aversion
therapy is a session in which the individual attempts to properly regulate
breathing, holding his breath for a while when discomfort arises caused by these
urges re-emerge.

REFERENCES
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PPDGJ III and DSM 5. Print 2 Part of Mental Medicine FK-Unika Atmajaya.
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