CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR

AND
VICTIMOLOGY

Module 11: Dissociative, Impulsive Control and Sleep Disorder

Welcome Notes:
I. INTRODUCTION:
WELCOME CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS

This module presents the common disorders that are somehow associated with abnormal persons
discussed under chapter I of this text. Such abnormalities are: dissociative disorder, impulse control
disorder and sleep disorder. This topic consists of definition of dissociative, its varieties, dissociative and
criminality. Impulse control disorder, its type, and impulse and criminality .Sleep disorder, its type and sleep
and criminality.
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II. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Identify the definition of dissociative disorder, impulse control and sleep disorder.
 Determine the four values, categories of dissociative disorder, and types of impulse control
disorder.
 Enumerate the symptoms of sleep disorders and causes of Insomnia.

III. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES:

Before you proceed to the main lesson, let’s complete this activity.

Directions: Read the summary of the video about Dissociative, Impulsive Control and Sleep Disorder.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWsQTuJnzjs
Dissociative disorders are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory,
awareness, identity, or perception. This video contains general medical information. If in doubt, always
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VICTIMOLOGY

seek professional medical advice. The medical information is not advice and should not be treated as such.
The medical information is provided without any representations or warranties, express or implied.
From the pictures above, please create 4 words from the word Dissociative Disorder.
__________________________________ ____________________________________
__________________________________ ____________________________________

GREAT!!!
You may now proceed to the main lesson.

IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON

Dissociative Disorder

 Refers to disorders in which, under stress, one loses the integration of consciousness, identity, and
memories of important personal events.
 Formerly called as multiple personality disorder, or dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Four Varieties of Dissociative Disorder

1. Psychogenic Amnesia – it is also known as Dissociative Amnesia is the temporary or permanent

loss of a part or all of the memory. When this is due to extreme psychosocial stress, it is labeled
psychogenic amnesia. This stress is most often associated with catastrophic events.

Four Sub-categories of Psychogenic Amnesia

a. Localized Amnesia – is most often an outcome of a particular event. The disease renders the
afflicted unable to recall the details of a usually traumatic event, such as a violent incestuous rape.
This is undoubtedly the most common type of amnesia.
b. Selective Amnesia – as its name implies, this is similar to localized amnesia except that the
memory retained is very selective. Often a person can remember certain general occurrences of
the traumatic situation, but not the specific parts which make it so.
c. Generalized and Continuous Amnesia – these fewer common forms of amnesia exists when a
person either forgets the details of his/her entire lifetime, or as in the case of continuous amnesia,
he/she can’t recall the details prior to a certain point in time, including the present.
d. Psychogenic Fugue – it is also known as Dissociative Fugue. It is simply the addition to
generalized amnesia of a flight from family , problem, or location. In highly uncommon cases, the
person mat create an entirely new life. ( fugue means flight).
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You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI6eW0xCXkI for the related video.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=variety+of+dissociative+disorders&sxsrf=ALeKk01Mib9KxPsBmstsjxSoUIeNAYverg:1

Dissociative Disorder and Criminality

 Individual may commit criminal acts while in a dissociated state., the concept of
dissociation is relevant to forensic psychiatry, as illustrated by the fact that amnesia and
dissociation have frequently been associated with violent crimes.
 Moskowitz found that higher levels of dissociation were associated with increased violence
in a diverse range of populations, including college students, military veterans, psychiatric
patients, and perpetrators of sexual/ domestic violence and homicide.
 Amnesia for the violent crime was reported in nearly one-third ( 30%) of homicides
 Several studies found an association between amnesia, dissociation and crimes
characterized by lack of planning and lack of premeditation, heightened emotional states,
emotional ties to the victim, and alcohol use.
 Patients with dissociative disorders have higher rates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts,
and self-injurious behavior than do people with other disorders.

What is Impulse Control Disorder? ( ICDs )

 Are common psychiatric conditions in which affected individuals typically report significant
impairment in social and occupational functioning, and may incur legal and financial difficulties as
well.
 Is one where the individual cannot resist an impulse to behave in a certain way or cannot stop
repeated behavior, even when they know that the behavior must stop.

Types of Impulsive- Control Disorders

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1. Intermittent Explosive Disorder – outbursts of anger or extreme temper tantrums.

2. Kleptomania – an urge to steal small items that usually have very little value.
3. Pathological Gambling – the inability to stop gambling.
4. Pyromania – when a person sets fires for enjoyment and pleasure
5. Unspecified Impulse-Control Disorder – when someone has symptoms from various impulse-
control disorders, but it is not able to be singled down to one.
6. Trichotillomania – hair loss caused by an impulse to twirl and pull hair. Some people then have an
urge to eat the hair.
7. Compulsive Sexual Behavior – it is described as excessive or uncontrolled sexual behaviour or
thoughts that lead to marked distress and social, occupational, legal, and/or financial
consequences.

You may visit the link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YIZOiguS3c for the related video.

Impulse Control Disorder and Criminality

 Pathological gambling is associated with impaired functioning; reduced quality of life; and
high rates of bankruptcy, divorce, and incarceration.
 Financial and marital problems are common.
 Many pathological gamblers engage in illegal behavior, such as stealing, embezzlement,
and writing bad checks to fund their gambling or to attempt to fix past gambling losses
 Suicide attempts have been reported in 17% of individuals in treatment for PG.
 kleptomania typically has its onset in late adolescence or early adulthood, the disorder has
been rep. Intense guilt and shame are commonly reported by those with kleptomania.
 Stolen items are typically hoarded, given away returned to the store, or thrown away .
 Many individuals with kleptomania ( 64% to 87%) have been apprehended at some time as
a result of their stealing behavior.
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https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=types+of+impulsive+control+disorder&sxsrf=ALeKk014dK2ye3NPDqgXLrmDwTATcYL2wQ:15

You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YIZOiguS3c for the related video.

What is Sleep Disorders

 Is a condition that frequently impacts your ability to get enough quality sleep. While it’s normal to
occasionally experience difficulties sleeping, it’s not normal to regularly have problems getting to
sleep at night, to wake up feeling exhausted, or to feel sleepy during the day.
 Symptoms can differ depending on the severity and type of sleeping disorder. They may also vary
when sleep disorders are a result of another condition.

General Symptoms
a. difficulty falling or staying asleep
b. daytime fatigue
c. strong urge to take naps during the day
d. irritability or anxiety
e. lack of concentration
f. depression

Types of Sleep Disorders

1. Insomnia – refers to the inability to fail asleep or to remain asleep. It can be caused by jet lag,
stress and anxiety, hormones, or digestive problems. It may also be a symptom of another
condition. It can be very problematic for your overall health and quality of life, potentially causing:
a. Depression
b. Difficulty concentrating
c. Irritability
d. Weight gain, and
e. Impaired work or school performance.

Three Types of Insomnia

a. Chronic – it is when insomnia happens on a regular basis for at least one month.
b. Intermittent – it is when insomnia occurs periodically.
c. Transient – it is when insomnia lasts for just a few nights at a time.

2. Sleep Apnea – is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. This is a serious medical
condition that causes the body to take in loss oxygen. It can also cause you to wake up during the
night.

3. Parasomnias – are a class of sleep disorders that cause abnormal movements and behaviors
during sleep. They include:
a. sleepwalking ( somnambulism or noctambulism)
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b. sleep talking ( somniloquy )

c. groaning
d. nightmares
e. bedwetting
f. teeth grinding or jaw clenching

4. Restless Leg Syndrome( RLS ) – is an overwhelming need to move the legs. This urge is
sometimes accompanied by a tingling sensation in the legs. This symptoms can occur during the
day, they are most prevalent at night. RLS is often associated with certain health conditions,
including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD) and Parkinson’s disease, but the exact
cause isn’t always known.

5. Narcolepsy – is characterized by “sleep attacks” that occur during the day. This means that you will
suddenly feel extremely tired and fall asleep without warning.
The disorder can also cause sleep paralysis, which may make you physically unable to move right
after waking up.

You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r40g_9dw46o for the related video.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=types+of+sleep+disorders&sxsrf=ALeKk01V02ODUqkd2nt5tyQNJ2lYBiZn2Q:1597734710789&source=lnms&

You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r40g_9dw46o for the related video.

What is Rapid Eye Movement ( REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder?

 Is a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with
vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM Sleep –
sometimes called Dream- enacting Behavior
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VICTIMOLOGY

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=what+is+rapid+eye+movement&sxsrf=ALeKk01HD_NFo6LspoBz-LVgm917nsoNBw:159773486631

Sleep Recommendations
AGE HOURS OF SLEEP
Infant ( 4-11 months ) 12 – 15 hours
Toddler ( 1-2 years ) 11 – 14 hours
Preschoolers ( 3-5 years ) 10 – 13 hours
School - age child ( 6 – 13 years ) 9 - 11 hours
Teen ( 13 – 17 years ) 8 – 10 hours
Young adult ( 18 – 25 ) 7 – 9 hours
Adult ( 26 – 64 years ) 7 – 9 hours
Older adult ( 65 up years ) 1 – 8 hours

You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTE98n0sSw8 for the related video.

Sleep Disorder and Criminality

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 Sleep Apnea can lead to homicide was recently raised during a criminal trial when a man
claimed that he fatally shot his wife during his sleep as a result of his sleep apnea.
 While injurious behavior occurring during sleep is well recognized, accidental homicide
related to a sleep disorder is considered rare.
 The most common sleep disorders that have been associated with sleep-related injurious
behavior include sleepwalking, REM sleep behavior disorder, and confusional arousals. In
contrast, there is a little information regarding the relationship between sleep apnea and
sleep-related violence.
 Sleepwalking, confusional arousals and sleep terrors-Disorders of Arousal – have been
reported to be associated with violent behaviors against other individuals for hundreds of
years
 .Murders, attempted murders, assaults and sexual assaults have been reported to occur
during these disorders and have occasionally resulted in criminal charges.

We had just finished the discussion on Dissociative, Impulsive Control,

and Sleep Disorder. Let’s move on to the next higher level of activity/ies or
exercise/s that demonstrates your potential skills/knowledge of what you have
learned.