CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR

AND
VICTIMOLOGY

Module 8: Frustration

Sub Topic: Induced Criminality

Welcome Notes:
WELCOME CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS

I. INTRODUCTION:

This module presents the selected factors affecting human behavior such as Frustration
under coping mechanisms. This topic consists of definition of Frustration, internal and external of it;
Source and Common Responses to Frustration; the frustration Aggression theory; the Frustration-
induced Criminality; and the hypothesis of Catharsis and Coping Mechanism versus Defense
Mechanisms.
 CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR
AND
VICTIMOLOGY

II. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Identify the definition of Frustration, internal and external frustration;
 Differentiate Coping Mechanisms and Defense Mechanisms; and,
 Reflect on the topic: Frustration is induced to criminality.

III. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES:

oceed to the main lesson, let’s complete this activity.

Write about 5 words you can form from the word “FRUSTRATION”. The first one is done for you.

1. R U S T 4. _______________________
2. _______________________ 5. _______________________
3. _______________________

GREAT!!!
You may now proceed to the main lesson.

IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON

LET’S BEGIN!

Based on the preliminary activities, what did you notice about it?

________________________________________________________

CONGRATULATIONS!

You may now proceed to the lesson.

 CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR
AND
VICTIMOLOGY

FRUSTRATION
 It is a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal.
 It is an unpleasant state of tension and heightened sympathetic activity, resulting from a blocked
goal.
 Associated with motivation
 It may be external or personal

External Frustration - It is a distress caused by outwardly perceivable conditions that impedes progress
toward a goal
Internal or Personal Frustration – is a distress caused by the individual’s inner characteristic that impedes
progress toward a goal.

The Sources of Frustration are as follows:

1. Physical Obstacles – such as drought, typhoons, flat tire, etc. that prevents a person from doing his
plans or fulfilling his wishes.
2. Social Circumstances – such as obstacles through the restrictions imposed by other people and
customs and laws of social being.
3. Personal Shortcomings – such as handicapped by diseases, blindness, deafness or paralysis.
4. Conflicts between Motives – such as wanting to leave college for a year to try painting, but also
wanting to please one’s parents by remaining in school.

Cycle of Frustration:
 CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR
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VICTIMOLOGY

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=sources+of+frustration&sxsrf=ALeKk03tI7_3LvNmZ1eSLqMD5UPOBxrdag:1597534750942&source=

Is Anger a Source of Frustration?

 There is a saying “Frustration begets anger and anger begets aggression”. Direct anger and
aggression is expressed toward the object perceived as the cause of the frustration.
 An angry person often acts without thinking.
 The person has given in to the frustration and they have given up restraint.
 Anger can be healthy response if it motivates us to positive action but all too often the actions
we engage in when angry are destructive.

You may visit the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZDnVhnjKA4 for the related video.
 CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR
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VICTIMOLOGY

COMMON RESPONSES TO FRUSTRATION

1. Aggression – It refers to any response made with the intent of harming some person or objects.
The intentional infliction may be a physical or psychological harm.
2. Displaced Aggression – It refers to the redirecting of aggression to a target other than the actual
Source of one’s frustration.
3. Scapegoating – It refers to the act of blaming a person or group of people for conditions not of their
making.
4. Escape – it is the act of reducing discomfort by leaving frustrating situation or by psychologically
withdrawing from them such as apathy or illegal drug use.

Frustration Aggression Theory

 This is an example of frustration turning into aggression. It is a malicious behavior or attitude

towards someone or something, usually triggered by frustration.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=frustration+aggression+theory&sxsrf=ALeKk003t0Hio2H6o7fsrxHJLenMhDSSsA:1597535183161&source=ln

Frustration- Induced Criminality

 Frustration induced criminality is the idea that when out behavior is directed at a specific goal and
is blocked, arousal increase and the individual experiences a need to reduce it.
 “Individuals, who employ violence to reduce this frustration will under extreme frustration, become
more vigorous than usual, possibly even resorting to murder and other violent actions ”. A good
example of this, is the child who does not have their needs met and becomes frustrated.

Hypothesis of Catharsis
 If you buy the a punching bag, or release your aggression by playing Quake, or by screaming, then
you will be less violent and aggressive in day – to – day life, having “ released” your aggression.

Coping Mechanisms VS Defense Mechanism

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VICTIMOLOGY

Coping Mechanisms – These are the sum total of ways in which people deal with minor to major stress
and trauma.
 Some of these processes are unconscious ones, others are learned behavior, and still others are
skills that individuals consciously master in order to reduce stress, or other intense emotions like
depression.
 Not always of coping are equally beneficial, and some can actually be very detrimental.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=coping+mechanisms+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwja4Nm7s57rAhUJKqYKHU7HCf4Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=coping+mechanisms+&gs_lcp=CgNpb

Defense Mechanisms – It refers to an individual’s way of reacting to frustration.

 These are unconscious psychological strategies brought into play by various entities to cope with
reality and to maintain self-image.
 Healthy persons normally use different defenses through life.
 According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods that ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or
emotions that may cause personal anxiety; it is the unrealistic strategies used by the ego to
discharge tension.
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VICTIMOLOGY

Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=coping+mechanisms+and+defense+mechanisms&sxsrf=ALeKk01O14DIkbjKXf77x-
A00WJQVV1WtA:1597535488510&source=l

The following is the List of Coping Mechanisms

1. Acting out 14. Dissociation 27.Repression

2. Aim inhibition 15. Emotionality 28. Self-harming
3. Altruism 16. Fantasy 29. Somatization
4. Attack 17. Help-rejecting complaining 30. Sublimation
5. Avoidance 18. Idealization 31. Substitution
6. Compartmentalization 19. Identification 32. Suppression
7. Compensation 20. Intellectualization 33. Symbolization
8. Conversion 21. Introjection 34. Trivializing
9. Denial 22. Passive aggression 35. Undoing
10. Displacement 23Performing rituals 36. Positive coping
11. Post traumatic growth 24.Rationalization
12. Projection 25.Reaction formation
13. Provocation 26. Regression

We had just finished the discussion on Frustration. Let’s move on to the

next higher level of activity/ies or exercise/s that demonstrates your potential
skills/knowledge of what you have learned.
CRIMSOC3-HUMAN BEHAVIOR
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VICTIMOLOGY