Central Tendency Notes

Frequency Distribution
• A tabular arrangement of data into appropriate categories

showing the number of observations in each category or
group
X Tally Frequency (f) Class Boundaries Class marks (Xm)
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

Parts of a Frequency Table
• Class Limit- groupings or categories defined by the lower and the upper
limit
Lower Limit (LL)- represents the SMALLEST number in each group (15-20)
Upper Limit (UL)- represents the HIGHEST number in each group (15-20)
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

• Frequency- number of cases per group
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

• Class size (c.i.)- the width of each class interval
• 15-20
• 21-26 The c.i. in this score distribution
• 27-32 is 6
• 33-38
• 39-44
• 45-50
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

• Class boundaries- the numbers used to separate each category in the
frequency distribution but without gaps created by the class (add 0.5 to the
upper limit to get the upper class boundary and subtract 0.5 to the lower
limit to get the lower class boundaries LL - UL L CB - UCB
15 - 20 14.5 – 20.5
21 - 26 20.5 – 26.5
27 - 32 26.5 - 32.5
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

• Class marks (X M) the midpoint of the of the lower and upper class limits
X M =LL + UL X M =LL + UL
2 2
= (15 + 20) /2
= 17.5
15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5
21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5
27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5
33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5
39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5
45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

Steps in Constructing Frequency Distribution
1. Compute the value f the range (R). Range is the difference between the
highest score and the lowest score.
A list of IQ scores for a gifted classroom at Sitio Alikabok National High School
was recorded as follows :
136 138 141 118 (LS)
124 128 123 130
125 129 127 142
133 149 130 152 (HS)
150
Prepare a table of frequency distribution of the said data.
1. Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score
Range = 152 – 118

Range= 34
2. Determine the class size (ci) Determine the desired no. of classes (k)
ci = range or R k = 1 + 3.3 log n
no. of classes k
k = 1 + 3.3 log 17
c.i. = R /k k = 1 + 3.3 (1.23)
c.i. = 34/5 k = 5.059 or 5
c.i. = 6.8 or 7
3. Construct the class limit starting
from LS of the first category. The
last category should contain the HS.
Each category/class should contain
7 as the class size.
X
118-124
125-131
132-138
139-145
146-152
4. Count or tally the number of scores that fall
under each category
5. Find the class boundaries and class marks of
the given score distribution
(Practice Exercise for 3 Minutes)
1. Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score 3. Construct the class limit starting
= 36 - 17 from LS of the first category. The
= 19 last category should contain the HS.
Each category/class should contain
2. Determine the class size (ci) 4 as the class size.
ci = range or R
no. of classes k X
for K : k = 1 + 3.3 log n for c.i. = R/k 19- 22
k = 1 + 3.3 log 15 c.i. = 19/5 23- 26
k = 1 + 3.3 (1.18) c.i. = 3.8 or 4 27- 30
k = 4.89 or 5 31-34
35-38
(Practice Exercise for 3 Minutes)
4. Tally the scores 5. Determine the boundaries and class marks
X f X f cb Xm
17- 20 3 17-20 3 16.5-20.5 18.5
21- 24 2 21- 24 2 20.5-24.5 22.5
25- 28 7 25- 28 7 24.5-28.5 26.6
29-32 1 29-32 1 28.5-32.5 30.5
33-36 2 33-36 2 32.5-36.6 34.5
Determine the average score of a group of scores
Indicate the spread of scores in a group

MEAN (Ungrouped Data)
Find the mean of 15 students in Philippine Literature consist of 25 items
Student 1- 25 Student 6- 15 Student 11- 13
Interpretation:
The average performance of 15 students
Formula: in Philippine Lit exam consisting of 25
__ items is 15.2. This means that students
X =ΣX who got scores below 15.2 did not
N perform well in the examination.
= 228/15 Furthermore, those who got scores
higher than 15.2 performed well in the
= 15.2 aid examination compared to the
performance of the whole class.
Find the GPA of Franco for the First Semester, Academic Year 2018-2019
Courses Final Grades Units

Study & Thinking Skills 1.25 3
Pagbasa at Pagsulat Tungo sa Pananaliksik 1.00 3
Contemporary Mathematics 1.25 3
Fund. Of Biological Science 1.00 3
Phil Government & Constitution 1.50 3
Child & Adolescent Dev't. 1.25 3
Developmental Reading 1.50 3
Games and Sports 1.00 2
Formula:
__
X = Σ wixi
Σw
Courses Final Grades Units
(x) (w) (w)(x)
Study & Thinking Skills 1.25 3 3.75
Pagbasa at Pagsulat Tungo sa 1.00 3 3.00
Pananaliksik
Contemporary Mathematics 1.25 3 3.75
Fund. Of Biological Science 1.00 3 3.00
Phil Government & Constitution 1.50 3 4.50
Child & Adolescent Dev't. 1.25 3 3.75
Developmental Reading 1.50 3 4.50
Games and Sports 1.00 2 2.00
Σw= 23 Σwx=28.25
Formula: Solution:
__ __
X = Σ wixi X = 28.25
Σw 23
= 1.228 or 1.23
MEAN (Grouped Data- scores that are
arranged in a frequency distribution)
X Frequency Class marks Formula:
(f) (Xm) f Xm __
10-14 5 X = Σ f Xm
15-19 2 n
20-24 3
25-29 5
30-34 2 Where:
35-39 9 f- frequency in each
class
40-44 6
Xm- midpoint (class
45-49 3
mark) of each class
50-54 5 Σ f Xm – summation of
n= the product of f Xm
Find the mean performance of the students in
Midterm Exam in Educational Research
MEAN (Grouped Data)
X Frequency Class marks
(f) (Xm) f Xm
10-14 5 12 Formula:
15-19 2 17 __
20-24 3 22 X = Σ f Xm
25-29 5 27 n
30-34 2 32
35-39 9 37
40-44 6 42
45-49 3 47
50-54 5 52
n=40
MEAN (Grouped Data)
X Frequency Class marks Formula:
(f) (Xm) f Xm __
10-14 5 12 60 X = Σ f Xm
15-19 2 17 34 n
20-24 3 22 66
25-29 5 27 135 Formula:
30-34 2 32 64 __
35-39 9 37 333 X = 1345
40-44 6 42 252 40
45-49 3 47 141 = 33.63
50-54 5 52 260
n=40 Σf Xm= 1345
Interpretation:
The mean performance in the Midterm Examination in Educational Research
course is 33.36. It signifies that those students who got scores higher than
33.63 performed wee in the exam while those who scored below 33.63 DID
NOT perform well in the Midterm Examination in Educational Research.
Practice Exercise: Determine the mean performance (both for grouped and
ungrouped data) of the students in a hundred-item Pre-test in World History.
Draw your interpretations.
Find the mean scores of the students in Pre-test in World History

52 10 14 10 46
60 45 17 9 37
43 20 29 9 37
30 18 36 22 39
26 10 19 33 41
Formula:
__
X =ΣX
N
= 712/25
= 28.48
MEAN (Grouped Data)
X Frequency Class marks
(f) (Xm) f Xm
9-14 5 11.5 57.5 Formula:
15-20 5 17.5 87.5 __
21-26 3 23.5 70.5 X = Σ f Xm
27-32 2 29.5 59 n
33-38 3 35.5 106.5
39-44 3 41.5 124.5
Formula:
45-50 2 47.5 95 __
51-56 1 53.5 53.5 X = 713.5
57-62 1 59.5 59.5 25
n=25 Σf Xm= 713.5 = 28.54
MEDIAN (Ungrouped Data)
Example: Procedures: Solution:
Find the median score 1. Arrange the scores 31
of 7 students in Filipino from highest to 30
10 lowest or vice 27
30 18 15 versa 22
31 27 10 2. Determine the 18
22 middlemost score 15
in the distribution 10
if n is an odd
Interpretation: number and get Since 22 is the
The median score is 22 the average of the middlemost number,
which means that 50% two middle most then it is the median
of the scores in the scores if the n is an
distribution are greater even number
than 22 and 50% of the
scores are lower than
22.
Example: Procedures: Solution:
Find the median score 1. Arrange the scores 31
of 7 students in Filipino from highest to 30
10 lowest or vice 27
30 18 15 versa 26
31 27 10 2. Determine the 22
26 22 middlemost score 18
in the distribution 15
if n is an odd 10
number and get
the average of the Since there are two
two middle most middlemost numbers,
scores if the n is an add 26 and 22 and
even number divide them by 2. Then
24 is the median
If middle most score occurs twice, thrice or more number of times
Example:
Example: Find the median score of Top 10
Find the median score of Top students in Purposive Communication
5 students in Araling 1. 100
Panlipunan X 2. 100
1. 100 3. 100
2. 97 Median= 97+95+95 4. 99
Median= 99+98+95+95
3. 95 3 5. 98
4
4. 95 = 95.67 6. 95 = 96.75
5. 92 7. 95
8. 93
9. 91
10. 90
MEDIAN (Grouped Data)
X Frequency cf <
(f) where:
10-14 5 LB- lower boundary of the
15-19 2 Median class
20-24 3 cf- cumulative frequency before
25-29 5 the median class
30-34 2 fm- frequency of the median
35-39 9 class
40-44 6 n- no. of students
c.i. – class size
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=
formula:
X = LB + n/2 – cf c.i.
fm
X Frequency cf < Procedures:
(f) 1. Complete the table
10-14 5 for cf < (less than
15-19 2 cumulative
20-24 3 frequency)
25-29 5
30-34 2
35-39 9
40-44 6
45-49 3
50-54 5
n=
10-14 5 5 for cf < (less than
15-19 2 7 cumulative
20-24 3 10 frequency)
25-29 5 15
30-34 2 17 2. Get n/2 of the scores
35-39 9 26 to determine the
40-44 6 32 identify the MC
45-49 3 35 (median class)
50-54 5 40 Example: since n =40/2
n=40 is 20
10-14 5 5 for cf < (less than
15-19 2 7 cumulative
20-24 3 10 frequency)
25-29 5 15
35-39 (MC) 9 26 to determine the
50-54 5 40 Example: since n =40/2
n=40 is 20
Procedures:
1. Complete the table
for cf < (less than
cumulative
X Frequency cf <
frequency)
(f)
Example: since n =40/2
30-34 2 17
is 20
35-39 (MC) 9 26
40-44 6 32 3. Determine the ff:
45-49 3 35 LB- lower boundary of
50-54 5 40 the MC (34.5)
n=40 cf- cumulative
frequency before the
median class
fm- frequency of the
median class
Procedures:
for cf < (less than
cumulative
X Frequency cf <
frequency)
(f)
30-34 2 17 (cf)
is 20
35-39 (MC) 9 (fm) 26
45-49 3 35 LB- lower boundary of
50-54 5 40 the MC (34.5)
n=40 cf- cumulative
median class
median class
Procedures:
for cf < (less than
X Frequency (f) cf <
cumulative
10-14 5 5
frequency)
15-19 2 7
30-34 2 17 (cf) identify the MC
(median class)
35-39 (MC) 9 (fm) 26
40-44 6 32
is 20
45-49 3 35
n=40 LB- lower boundary of
the MC (34.5)
cf- cumulative
4. Then solve using the formula:
median class
X = LB + n/2 – cf c.i.
median class
fm
Solution:
x = LB + n/2 – cf c.i.
X Frequency (f) cf < fm
10-14 5 5
15-19 2 7 x= 34.5+ 40/2 -17 5
20-24 3 10 9
25-29 5 15
30-34 2 17 (cf)
35-39 (MC) 9 (fm) 26 X= 34.5 + 20-17 5
40-44 6 32 9
45-49 3 35
50-54 5 40
x= 34.5+ 3/9 5
n=40
Interpretation:
x= 34.5 + 1.67
The median score is 36.17 which means that 50% of
the scores in the distribution are lower than 36.17
and 50% are greater than 36.17. x= 36.17
Practice Exercises
X Frequency (f) cf <

39-41 1
36-38 2
33-35 4
30-32 4
27-29 3
24-26 5
21-23 8
18-20 6
15-17 3
12-14 3
9-11 1
Solution:
x = LB + n/2 – cf c.i.
X Frequency (f) cf < fm
39-41 1 40
36-38 2 39 x= 20.5+ 40/2 -13 3
33-35 4 37 8
30-32 4 33
27-29 3 29
X= 20.5 + 20-13 3
24-26 5 26
8
21-23 (MC) 8 (fm) 21
18-20 6 13 (cf)
15-17 3 7 x= 20.5+ 7/8 3
12-14 3 4
9-11 1 1
Interpretation:
x= 20.5 + 2.64
The median score is 23.14 which means that 50% of
the scores in the distribution are lower than 23.14 x= 23.14
and 50% are greater than 23.14.
MODE (UNGrouped Data)
Section A: Scores of 10 students in
The score that Section A, B and C
appeared most in the
distribution is 20. Section Section Section
Hence, the mode of A B C
Section A is 20. 25 25 25
Therefore, it is 24 24 25
unimodal 24 24 25
20 20 21
20 18 21
20 18 21
16 17 20
12 15 15
10 8 15
7 4 15
MODE (UNGrouped Data)
Section B: Scores of 10 students in
The scores that Section A, B and C
appeared most in the
distribution are 24 and Section Section Section
18. Hence, the mode of A B C
Section A is 24 and 18. 25 25 25
Therefore, it is 24 24 25
bimodal. 24 24 25
20 20 21
20 18 21
20 18 21
16 17 20
12 15 15
10 8 15
7 4 15
MODE (Ungrouped Data)
Scores of 10 students in
Section A, B and C
Section Section Section Section C: Section
A B C The scores that D
25 25 25 appeared most in the 24
24 24 25 distribution are 25, 21 24
24 24 25 and 15. Hence, the 24
20 20 21 mode of Section A are 20
25, 21 and 15.
20 18 21 20
Therefore, it is trimodal
20 18 21 20
or multimodal
16 17 20 16
12 15 15 16
10 8 15 16
7 4 15 NO MODE
MODE (Grouped Data)
X Frequency Procedures:
a. Determine the ff:
(f) MC- modal class (class with the highest
10-14 5 frequency)
15-19 2 LB- lower boundary of the MoC
20-24 3 d1- difference between frequency of the MoC
25-29 5 and the frequency above it (if the scores are
arranged from lowest to highest)
30-34 2 d2- difference between frequency of the MoC
35-39 9 and the frequency below it (if the scores are
40-44 6 arranged from lowest to highest)
45-49 3 c.i. – class interval
50-54 5
n= b. Then solve using the formula:
X = LB + ___d1 c.i.
d1 + d2
MODE (Grouped Data)
X Frequency Procedures:
a. Determine the ff:
(f) MC- modal class (class with the highest
10-14 5 frequency)
15-19 2 LB- lower boundary of the MC (34.5)
20-24 3 d1- difference between frequency of the MC and
25-29 5 the frequency above it (if the scores are arranged
from lowest to highest)
30-34 2 (d1) d2- difference between frequency of the MC and
35-39 (MC) 9 the frequency below it (if the scores are arranged
40-44 6 (d2) from lowest to highest)
45-49 3 c.i. – class interval
50-54 5
n= b. Then solve using the formula:
X = LB + ___d1 c.i.
d1 + d2
MODE (Grouped Data)
X Frequency
(f)
10-14 5 X = LB + ___d1 c.i.
15-19 2 d1 + d2
20-24 3
25-29 5
x= 34.5 + ___7 5
30-34 2 (d1)
7+3
35-39 (MC) 9
40-44 6 (d2) x= 34.5 + 35/10
45-49 3
50-54 5
n= x= 34.5 + 3.5
x= 38
MODE (Grouped Data)
X Frequency (f)
10-14 5
15-19 2 X = LB + ___d1 c.i.
20-24 3 d1 + d2
25-29 5
30-34 2 (d1)
x= 34.5 + ___7 5
35-39 (MoC) 9
7+3
40-44 6 (d2)
45-49 3 x= 34.5 + 35/10
50-54 5
n=
x= 34.5 + 3.5
Interpretation:
The mode of the score
x= 38
distribution that consists of 40
students is 38 because 38
occurred several times
MODE (Grouped Data)
Practice Exercises
X Frequency (f)
39-41 1
36-38 2
33-35 4
30-32 4
27-29 3
24-26 5
21-23 8
18-20 6
15-17 3
12-14 3
9-11 1
MODE (Grouped Data)
Practice Exercises
X = LB + ___d1 c.i.
X Frequency (f) d1 + d2
39-41 1
36-38 2
x= 20.5 + ___2 5
33-35 4 2+ 3
30-32 4
27-29 3 x= 20.5 + 2/5 5
24-26 5 d2
21-23 MoC 8
18-20 6 d1 x= 20.5 + 2
15-17 3
12-14 3 x= 22.5
9-11 1
Quartile (Ungrouped Data)
Formula:
Using the given data, Find Q1 :

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
Q1 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score

4 4
= 1 (9) + (1- 1 ) nth score

4 4 Using the given data, Find Q1 :
6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
= 9 +3 nth score
4 4
= 12 nth score
Interpretation:
4
The value of Q1 is 10 which is the 3rd
= 3rd score score in the distribution. Therefore,
25% of the scores are below 10.
Formula:
Using the given data, Find Q1 and Q3:

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
Q3 = k n + (1- k ) nth score

4 4
= 3 (9) + (1- 3 ) nth score

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
= 27 + 1 nth score
4 4
= 28 nth score
Interpretation:
4
The value of Q3 is 15 which is the 7th
= 7th score score in the distribution. Therefore,
Formula:
Using the given data, Find Q2:

2, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 16, 27
Q2 = 2 n + (1- 2 ) nth score

4 4
= 2 (9) + (1- 1 ) nth score

2, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 16, 27
= 18 + 1 nth score
4 2
= 4.5 + 0.5 nth score

Interpretation:

= 5th score score in the distribution. Therefore,
DECILE (Ungrouped Data) Formula:
Using the given data, Find D6 :

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
D6 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score
10 10
= 6 (9) + (1- 6 ) nth score

10 10
D6 = 5th score + 0.80(6th-5th score)
= 54 + 4 nth score D6= 12 + 0.80(14-12)
The value of D6 lies
10 10 within the sum of
D6= 12 +0.80(2)
the 5th score and D6 = 12 +1.60
= 58 nth score 80% difference D6 = 13.60
10 between 6th and 5th
score Interpretation:
= 5.8th score
Therefore, 60% of the scores in the
distribution are less than 13.60.

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
D2 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score
10 10
= 2 (9) + (1- 2 ) nth score

10 10
D2 = 2nd score + 0.60(3rd-2nd score)
= 18 + 8 nth score D6= 8 + 0.60(10-8)
D6= 8 +0.60(2)
the 2nd score and D6 = 8 +1.20
10 between 3rd and
2nd score Interpretation:
= 2.6th score

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
D9 = 9 (9) + (1- 9 ) nth score
10 10
= 9 (9) + (1- 9 ) nth score

10 10
D9 = 8th score + 0.20(3rd-2nd score)
= 81 + 1 nth score D9= 16 + 0.20(20-16)
D9= 16 +0.20(4)
the 8th score and D9 = 16 +0.80
10 between 9th and
8th score Interpretation:
= 8.2th score
PERCENTILE (Ungrouped Data) Formula:
Using the given data, Find P65 :

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
P65 = k (n) + (1- k ) nth score
100 100
= 65 (9) + (1- 65 ) nth score

100 100
P65 = 6th score + 0.20(7th-6th score)
= 585 + 35 nth scoreThe P65= 14 + 0.20(15-14)
value of P65 lies
P65 = 14 +0.20(1)
the 6th score and P65 = 14 +0.20
= 620 nth score 20% difference P65 = 14.20
100 between 7th and
= 6.2th score

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
P50 = k (n) + (1- k ) nth score
100 100
= 50 (9) + (1- 50 ) nth score

100 100
= 450 + 50 nth score

100 100 P50 = 12
The value of P50 is
= 500 nth score the 5th score
100
Interpretation:
= 5th score
distribution are less than 12.

6, 8, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20
P99 = k (n) + (1- k ) nth score
100 100
= 99 (9) + (1- 99 ) nth score

100 100
= 891 + 1 nth score The value of P99 lies P99= 16+ 0.92(20-16)
100 100 P99 = 16 +0.92(4)
within the sum of
P99 = 16 +3.68
the 9th score and
= 892 nth score
92% difference P99 = 19.68
100 between 9th and
= 8.92th score
Practice Exercises
The following are the cores of the students in Midterm

Examination in Educational Research
Determine: Q1, D4, P 81

Interpretation: Formula:

score in the distribution. Therefore,
Q1 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score

4 4
= 1 (21) + (1- 1 ) nth score

4 4
= 21 + 3 nth score
4 4
= 12 nth score
4
= 6th score
Formula:

distribution is below 26.
D4 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score

10 10
= 4 (21) + (1- 4 ) nth score

10 10
= 84 + 6 nth score
10 10
= 90 nth score
10
= 9th score
Formula:
P81= 39+ 0.20(44-39)
P81 = 39 +0.20(5)
P81 = 39 +1
P81 = 40
Interpretation:
P81 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score Therefore, 81% of the scores in the

100 100 distribution are less than 40.
= 81 (21) + (1- 81 ) nth score
100 100
= 1701 + 19 nth score

100 100
= 1720 nth score The value of P81 lies

100 within the sum of
the 17th score and
= 17.2th score 20% difference
between 18th and
17th score
Quartile (Grouped Data) Formula:
Example: The data for the scores of

fifty (50) students in Filipino class are
given below. Solve for the value of Q1
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the Q1 class:
57-64 12 31 1n
65-72 6 37 4
73-80 8 45 = 1(50) = 50
81-88 3 48 4 4
89-97 2 50
= 12.5
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the Q1 class: Determine the values:
57-64 12 31 1n LB = 40.5
65-72 6 37 4 k=1
n = 50
73-80 8 45 = 1(50) = 50 cfq = 10
81-88 3 48 4 4 fq = 5
89-97 2 50 = 12.5 ci = 8
n=50
Quartile (Grouped Data)
Determine the values:
LB = 40.5
k=1
n = 50
cfq = 10
fq = 5
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15 Interpretation:
Therefore, 25%
49-56 4 19
of the scores
57-64 12 31
of 50 students
65-72 6 37 are below
73-80 8 45 44.50.
81-88 3 48
89-97 2 50
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the Q3 class:
57-64 12 31 3n
65-72 6 37 4
73-80 8 45 = 3(50) = 150
81-88 3 48 4 4
89-97 2 50 = 37.5
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the Q3 class: Determine the values:
57-64 12 31 3n LB = 72.5
65-72 6 37 4 k=3
n = 50
73-80 8 45 = 3(50) = 150 cfq = 37
81-88 3 48 4 4 fq = 8
89-97 2 50 = 37.5 ci = 8
n=50
LB = 72.5
k=3
n = 50
cfq = 37
fq = 8
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
49-56 4 19 Therefore, 75%
57-64 12 31 of the scores
65-72 6 37 of 50 students
73-80 8 45 are below 73.
81-88 3 48
89-97 2 50
n=50

given below. Solve for the value of D5.
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the D5 class:
57-64 12 31 kn
65-72 6 37 10
73-80 8 45 = 5(50) = 250
81-88 3 48 10 10
89-97 2 50
= 25
n=50

given below. Solve for the value of D5
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the values:
Determine the D5 class:
57-64 12 31 LB = 56.5
kn
65-72 6 37 k=5
10
n = 50
73-80 8 45 = 5(50) = 250
cfq = 19
81-88 3 48 10 10
fq = 12
89-97 2 50 = 25
ci = 8
n=50
LB = 56.5
k=5
n = 50
cfq = 19
fq = 12
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
Therefore, 50%
49-56 4 19
of the scores
57-64 12 31
of 50 students
73-80 8 45 60.50.
81-88 3 48
89-97 2 50
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
Determine the D7 class:
49-56 4 19
kn
57-64 12 31
65-72 6 37 10
73-80 8 45 = 7(50) = 350
81-88 3 48 10 10
89-97 2 50 = 35
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
49-56 4 19 Determine the D7 class: Determine the values:
57-64 12 31 kn LB = 64.5
65-72 6 37 10 k=7
n = 50
73-80 8 45 = 7(50) = 350 cfq = 31
81-88 3 48 10 10 fq = 6
89-97 2 50 = 35 ci = 8
n=50
LB = 64.5
k=7
n = 50
cfq = 31
fq = 6
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
Therefore, 70%
49-56 4 19
of the scores
57-64 12 31
of 50 students
73-80 8 45 69.83
81-88 3 48
89-97 2 50
n=50

given below. Solve for the value of P82
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
Determine the P82 class:
49-56 4 19
kn
57-64 12 31
65-72 6 37 100
73-80 8 45 = 82(50) = 4100
81-88 3 48 100 100
89-97 2 50 = 41
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15 Determine the P82 class:
kn LB = 72.5
57-64 12 31
65-72 6 37
100 k = 82
73-80 8 45 = 82(50) = 4100 n = 50
81-88 3 48 100 100 cfq = 37
= 41 fq = 8
89-97 2 50
ci = 8
n=50
LB = 72.5
k = 82
n = 50
cfq = 37
fq = 8
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
57-64 12 31 Therefore, 82%
65-72 6 37 of the scores
of 50 students
73-80 8 45
are below
81-88 3 48
76.50.
89-97 2 50
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15
Determine the P91 class:
49-56 4 19
kn
57-64 12 31
65-72 6 37 100
73-80 8 45 = 91(50) = 4550
81-88 3 48 100 100
89-97 2 50 = 45.50
n=50

X f cf<
25-32 3 3
33-40 7 10
41-48 5 15 Determine the P91 class:
kn LB = 80.5
57-64 12 31 100 k = 91
65-72 6 37
= 91(50) = 4550 n = 50
73-80 8 45 cfq = 45
100 100
81-88 3 48 fq = 3
89-97 2 50
= 45.50
ci = 8
n=50
LB = 80.5
k = 91
n = 50
cfq = 45
fq = 3
ci = 8
X f cf<
25-32 3 3
Interpretation:
33-40 7 10
Therefore, 91%
41-48 5 15
of the scores
49-56 4 19 of 50 students
57-64 12 31 are below
65-72 6 37 81.83.
73-80 8 45
81-88 3 48
89-97 2 50
n=50

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Frequency Distribution

• A tabular arrangement of data into appropriate categories

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

X Tally Frequency (f) Class Boundaries Class marks (Xm)

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

X Tally Frequency (f) Class Boundaries Class marks (Xm)

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

X Tally Frequency (f) Class Boundaries Class marks (Xm)

15-20 IIII 4 14.5-20.5 17.5

21-26 IIIII-IIII 9 20.5-26.5 23.5

27-32 III 3 26.5-32.5 29.5

33-38 IIIII-IIIII 10 32.5-38.5 35.5

39-44 IIII 4 38.5-44.5 41.5

45-50 IIIII-IIIII 10 44.5-50.5 47.5

1. Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score

Range = 152 – 118

4. Tally the scores 5. Determine the boundaries and class marks

Indicate the spread of scores in a group

Courses Final Grades Units

Find the mean scores of the students in Pre-test in World History

X Frequency (f) cf <

Using the given data, Find Q1 :

Q1 = k n + (1- 1 ) nth score

= 1 (9) + (1- 1 ) nth score

Using the given data, Find Q1 and Q3:

Q3 = k n + (1- k ) nth score

= 3 (9) + (1- 3 ) nth score

Using the given data, Find Q2:

Q2 = 2 n + (1- 2 ) nth score

= 2 (9) + (1- 1 ) nth score

= 4.5 + 0.5 nth score

The value of Q3 is 15 which is the 7th

Using the given data, Find D6 :

= 6 (9) + (1- 6 ) nth score

Using the given data, Find D2 :

= 2 (9) + (1- 2 ) nth score