Basrah University for Oil and Gas

College of Oil and Gas Engineering

Department of Oil and Gas Engineering

Subject: Exploration Geophysics Exam: Final – 1st Semester (A)

Class: 3rd Class Date: Wednesday, 23/9/2020
Examiner: Prof. Dr. Emad H. Al-Khersan Time: 3 hours

Q1] Discuss the relationship of longitudinal seismic velocity with each of the following: 20 degree
1. Fluid saturation (gas - water - crude oil), types of pressures (sediment pressure - hydrostatic
pressure - pore pressure), porosity, and the amount of energy used.
2. Density and elasticity at depths of 2000 and 5000 meters for the two layers of limestone and
dolomite respectively.

Q2] Answer the following (choose only TWO): 30 degree

1. All kinds of seismic waves are released in the homogeneous and isotropic rocky medium at the
same time when turbulence occurs on the surface of the Earth, and with the help of drawing and
mathematical equations, explain how this will happen depending on the theoretical principle of
each type of wave.
2. Differentiate between the gravity and magnetic 0methods in all respects.
3. Explain in detail what is meant by seismic section (seismic reflection)? Explaining how to obtain
a depth section of a subsurface layer measured in meters.

Q3] Give the reasons of the following: 20 degree

1. It is not possible to calculate depth reflector (h) directly from the seismic reflection sections.
2. It is not advised to use huge energy sources in seismic reflection surveys for engineering purposes.
3. There is an opposite relationship between seismic velocity (Vp) and density (d) [Vp = (M/d)1/2],
but is not clear.
4. The speed of longitudinal waves is almost twice the speed of transverse waves in solid media.
5. The movement of tectonic plates can be measured by studying the ancient magnetism of the
continental and oceanic crusts.

Q4] Put word (True) or (False) in front of the following: 30 degree

1. The Earth's magnetic field at any point on the Earth's surface is affected by the angles of latitude
and longitude for that point only.
2. The Cambrian layers can be determined through the seismic sections that have TWT of
3 milliseconds.
3. The value of the Earth's gravity decreases and the centrifugal force increases in the equator when
the globe of the Earth rotates counter-clockwise.
4. The geophysical anomaly observed in the contour maps of an area is an indication of the presence
of a mineral structure having positive or negative anomalies.
5. In the event that the magnetic method fails to explore a rocky body in the form of a large anticline
fold containing remnants of magnetic ferrous materials located at a shallower depth below the earth
surface, then it is possible to use the gravitational method to determine the shape and dimensions
of this fold.
6. If more than one geophysical method has the same commonalities, then any one of these methods
can be used to investigate the buried object.
7. The extent of the rock's hardness depends on several parameters, the most important of which is
the Young Modulus.
8. Applied Geophysics is included within the meters where hydrocarbon concentrations are
exclusively.
9. The thickness of the mantle is greater than the thickness of the core in the Earth’s interior, and
therefore the density of the mantle will be greater as well.
10. Geophysicists can identify the types of hydrocarbons by studying seismic reflection profiles.

Good luck……

Examiner Head of the Department

Prof. Dr. Emad H. Al-Khersan Dr. Nabeel Kadhim Abbood
Geophysics

1. The observed gravity anomaly in contour maps for a region

indicate the existence of a structure containing mineral ore with
positive or negative charge. (False)

2. One of the applications of gravity method is the archeological

target. (False)

3. The gravity anomaly surely produced due to physical property

called “Density”. (False)

4. Applied Geophysics means that this type of geophysics is deal

with “Oil and Gas Exploration”. (Correct)

5. Thickness of mantle is greater than that of core (reason), so

density of core is higher according to this reason. (False)

6. G is equal to G = 6.67 *10‾8 cm³/gm.sec² = Dyne.cm²/gm² in

(c.g.s). (Correct)

7. Gravity units is mgal = 0.1 gal. (False)

8. The scientists used gravity method to get more information
about the shallower cavities. (Correct)

9. The first Newton’s law is g=G M /r^2 (False)

10. One of the important things that made this course is

suitable for you as a student is how it useful for detecting
hydrocarbon fluids. (False)

11. The anomaly of Magnetic method comes from a physical

property called "Magnetic Intensity" . ( False )

12. The Earth's Magnetic Field at any point on the Earth

surface extremely influenced by both longitude and attitude
angles of this point. (False)

13. Magnetic Inclination angle represents the angle between

Hh and Htotal. (False)

14. The existence of ferromagnesian elements in outer core

gives the reason for own Earth's Mass. ( False)

15. Magnetic method means that this type of geophysics is

deal with "Oil and Gas Exploration" . (False)

16. The observed high gravity anomaly (closure in contour

maps) for a region may indicate the existence of a geological
structure . (Correct )

17. One of the applications of gravity method is the salt

domes detection (correct )
18. One of the important things that made this course is
suitable for you as a student is the understanding of Geology
)False)

19. To determine archaeological remains, we must use the

a. Gravity method
b. Magnetic method
c. Seismic method
d. GPR method

20. The best method used to detect geological structures

containing hydrocarbons is:

a. Electrical method Seismic

b. Refraction method Seismic
c. Reflection method
d. Magnetic method