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Boxes and a Pulley
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https://njctl.org/video/?v=UCuNll3iY7Q Contents
Two Boxes and a Pulley
Two boxes are connected by a massless, non stretchable cord
and a massless, frictionless pulley. The coefficient of kinetic
friction , μ k , between box A and the table is 0.20. The mass of
box A is 5.0 kg. The mass of box B is 2.0 kg.
a. Draw a free body diagram for box A.
b. Draw a free body diagram for box B.
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes.
d. Find the tension, FT, in the cord connecting boxes A and B.
B
Two Boxes and a Pulley
a. Draw a free body diagram for box A.
A
B A cord comes out of the front of box A, so
there is a tension force to the right, FT.
Box A
The tension force on an object always
points in the same direction that the cord
FNA comes out of the object.
Ffr FT The friction force acts to the left, in the
opposite direction of the box's motion.
The normal force is opposite the
mAg gravitational force.
a
Two Boxes and a Pulley
b. Draw a free body diagram for box B.
A
A cord comes out of the top of box B, so
B
there is a tension force in the up
Box B direction, FT.
The tension force on an object always
FT points in the same direction that the cord
comes out of the object.
a There is no normal force as the box is not
in contact with another box. The
mBg gravitational force is down.
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes.
Start by writing the Newton's Second Law equations for box A.
Separate your forces and acceleration into the x direction
(horizontal) and the y direction (vertical).
Box A
FNA x direction ( )
Ffr FT
mAg Only include the highlighted
forces and acceleration in
the xdirection for now.
a
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
Continue with the ydirection forces and acceleration.
Box A
y direction ( )
FNA
Ffr FT
The box is not moving
mAg up and down, so there
is no acceleration in
a the y direction (a = 0)
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
Box A x direction y direction
FNA
Ffr FT
mAg
These are the two equations derived from our FBD.
a The y equation is used to find the normal force,
which will be used to calculate the friction force.
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
We need to repeat this process for box B.
Box B
y direction
The only forces acting
FT are in the ydirection.
a
mBg
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
We now have 2 equations for acceleration, but three unknowns,
FT, Ffr and a.
Box A Box B
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
We know that the general form for friction is Ffr = μkFN, so we
can substitute μkFN for Ffr:
We also know that
so
We can substitute this in for FN above.
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
Now our two equations and three unknowns have been reduced
to two equations and two unknowns, and we can continue
solving.
Box A Box B
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
We now have 2 equations with two unknowns.
Box A
Box B
set equations equal
move equations with "a" to left
side and equations with "g" to
the right side
factor out a and g
divide both sides by (mA+ mB)
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
c. Find the acceleration, a, of the two boxes (cont.).
A
Once we have the acceleration
equation, we can substitute in
the numerical values.
Two Boxes and a Pulley
μ k = 0.20 mA = 5.0 kg mB = 2.0 kg
d. Find the tension, FT, in the cord.
horizontal A
vertical
You can use either equation to
find tension. But first factor out
the masses, so the math is
easier! We show both equations.