NON-FERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

I. Pseudomonas - Causes Glanders/ Farcy disease

- Accounts for 90% of NFOs (Non-Fermentative • A disease of horses transmissible to humans
Organisms) isolated in clinical specimens • Horses – pulmonary involvement
- Motile: polar flagella except Burkholderia mallei • Human – fatal, begin as ulcer of skin and mucous
II. Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane followed by lymphangitis and sepsis
- General characteristics
• Obligate aerobe IV. Burkholderia pseudomallei
• Commonly isolated species - Causes Melioidosis or “Vietnamese Time bomb” disease
• Not a common flora - a.k.a Whitmore Bacillus
• Accounts 5-15% of nosocomial infections - An endemic glander’s like disease of animals and
• Leading cause of nosocomial Respiratory Tract infections humans
• Pigments -Ashdown Medium/ colistine= Produce Earthy or dirt like
-Resistant to different microbial agent odor
-Cystic Fibrosis: Too much production of liquid or too much V. Burkholderia cepacia
secretion of mucus in the body. - A low grade, nosocomial pathogen
-Gram neg Bacilli
a. Pyocyanin (Blue)
- Most commonly isolated from cystic fibrosis patients and
has been associated with endocarditis, septicemia and
✓water soluble, produced by most strains
wound and urinary tract infections in immunocompromised
✓Chloroform extractable, responsible for resistant mutant patients
✓Antibiotic property of org. that inhibits growth of other VI. Alcaligenes faecalis
bacteria - Formerly A. odorans due to its sweet/ fruity odor
produced (Fresh Apples)
b. Pyoverdin
- Capable of utilizing acetate as a carbon source
✓Water soluble only (yellow green/yellow brown pigment)
- Oxidase & Catalase +
- Infections - Motile (peritrichous)
VII.Chromobacterium violaceum
• Infections in wound and burns giving rise to blue pus
• Nosocomial/opportunistic!!! - Found in soil and water, has the ability to produce
• Jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome: necrotizing skin rash violacein, a purple pigment
• Mild otitis/external media “Swimmer’s Ear” VIII.Moraxella lacunata
• Skin lesion: Ecthyma Gangrenosum - Morax Axenfeld Bacillus/Haemophilus duplex
- Treatments - Agent of blepharoconjunctivitis (severe)
• P. aeruginosa – Innately resistant to many antimicrobial - Produced lacunae or pitting of the agar
agents IX. Flavobacterium meningosepticum
• Susceptible to: - Gram -, NM
✓Aminoglycosides - Catalase & Oxidase +
✓Semi-synthetic penicillins - Weakly fermentative
✓3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
- Produce a yellow pigment called flavin
- Cultural characteristics - Agent of neonatal meningitis and septicemia
• BAP: large, flat, beta-hemolytic colonies.
• Colonies tend to spread giving a grape-like/fruity odor due
to 2-aminoacetophenone
- Biochemical characteristics
-alkaline: Red (No fermentation) Alkaline over Alkaline
-Acid: Yellow (fermentation occurs)
• TSI: K/K
• Oxidase +
• Grows at 42C: differentiate it from other spp.
• Citrate +(positive) and ACETAMIDE UTILIZATION
• CETRIMIDE AGAR – selective and differential medium for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
III. Burkholderia mallei