02:01-01

Issue 3 en
Industrial & Marine Engines

Cooling system - Industrial engines

Function description

Part No.
1 588 419 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3
 Contents
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Coolant circuit, 9-series engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Coolant circuit, 11-series engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Coolant circuit, 12-series engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Coolant circuit, 14-series engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Coolant circuit, 16-series engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Radiator and expansion tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Coolant pump, 9-series engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Coolant pump, 11-series engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Coolant pump, 12-series engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Coolant pump, 14-series engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Coolant pump, 16-series engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Thermostat and thermostat housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Radiator fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Level indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Charge air cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 General

The cooling system maintains the operating - Oil cooler for engine lubrication oil.
temperature of the engine at a suitable level. This
is extremely important for the operating cost and - Coolant pump.
service life of the engine. - Thermostat housing with thermostat and
Cooling system assemblies used in Scania bypass channel.
industrial engines have sufficient capacity to work • Engine external cooling system: (non-
at atmospheric pressure, thus increasing the standard)
reliability of the system.
- Radiator and expansion tank.
Scania cooling systems are not equipped with
pressure caps as standard for 9-, 12- and 14-series - Temperature gauge and level indicator.
engines.
- Radiator fan
16-series engines with Scania cooling system are
equipped with pressure caps as standard, which - Lines (pipes and hoses).
ensures extra safety at high outputs and in warm
- External heat sources (e.g. cab heater)
climates.
connected to the cooling system.
- Engine heater
A cooling system assembly for an industrial
engine consists of:
• Engine internal cooling system: (standard)
- Coolant passages in the cylinder block and 1
cylinder head.
8 9 10

6 3

1. Expansion tank 5. Coolant pump 9. Ventilation lines

2. Radiator 6. Thermostat housing 10. Level indicator
3. Static line 7. Radiator fan
4. Drain tap 8. Fan ring
Scania cooling systems for industrial engines

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 3

 Coolant circuit, 9-series engines

The coolant pump and the oil cooler are combined
in one unit, located on the right hand side of the
engine.
From the oil cooler the coolant flows to a
distributor passage in the engine block and then
upwards, and flows around the cylinder liners and
through each cylinder head to an external water
manifold on the left-hand side of the engine.
The front part of the water manifold is connected
to the thermostat housing.
On a DI engine the coolant exits the oil cooler
connection housing directly after the oil cooler. It
is then directed to the charge air cooler, where it
flows backwards in the lower part and then
forwards in the upper part before returning to the
pump suction side via the bypass line, where it is
mixed with coolant from the radiator.

1 2 3 4

11

13

12

11
10 9 8 7 6 5

1. Fan 7. Outlet line from charge air 10. Static line

2. Bypass line cooler 11. Ventilation line
3. Coolant pump 8. Inlet line to charge air 12. Radiator
4. Oil cooler (full flow) cooler 13. Expansion tank
5. Charge air cooler 9. Thermostat housing with
thermostat
6. Water manifold

Coolant circuit, 9-series engines (DI9 A)

4 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Coolant circuit, 11-series engine

From the pump, the coolant is directed to the
longitudinal cylinder block distributor passage
and then through openings in the cylinder block, it
then flows around the cylinder liners and then
upwards to the cylinder heads.
The coolant is pumped directly up into the
cylinder heads from the distributor passage via
passages directed towards injectors and exhaust
valves.
From the rear cylinder head the coolant flows
forwards to the front cylinder head and exits the
engine directly into the thermostat housing, which
is located on the right-hand side of the front
cylinder head.
On DI engines the coolant exits the cylinder block
directly after the coolant pump and is directed to
the charge air cooler, where it flows backwards in
the upper part and then forwards before exiting
through the lower connection. It then returns in a
pipe between the oil cooler and the pump suction
side where it is mixed with coolant from the
radiator.

1 2 3 1 4 5

12

11

10 9 8 7 6

1. Ventilation line 6. Charge air cooler 10. Coolant pump

2. Static line 7. Outlet line from charge air 11. Fan
3. Expansion tank cooler 12. Radiator
4. Bypass line 8. Inlet line to charge air
5. Thermostat housing with cooler
thermostat 9. Oil cooler (full flow)

Coolant circuit, 11-series engines (DI11 A)

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 Coolant circuit, 12-series engine

From the coolant pump, the coolant is directed to
the longitudinal cylinder block distributor
passage, where it first goes through the oil cooler
and then through openings in the cylinder block,
then flows around the cylinder liners and then
upwards to the cylinder heads.
The coolant is pumped directly up into the
cylinder heads from the distributor passage via
passages directed towards injectors and exhaust
valves.
From the cylinder head the coolant flows forwards
in a water manifold and exits the engine directly
into the thermostat housing, which is located on
the right-hand side of the front cylinder head.
On DI engines the coolant exits the cylinder block
directly after the coolant pump and is directed to
the charge air cooler, where it flows backwards in
the lower part and then forwards before exiting
through the upper connection. The coolant from
the charge air cooler then returns in a pipe
connected to the connection housing on the pump
suction side where it is mixed with coolant from
the radiator.

3
1
1 2 4 5 9

12

11 10 8 7 6

1. Ventilation line 6. Charge air cooler 10. Coolant pump

2. Static line 7. Outlet line from charge air 11. Fan
3. Expansion tank cooler 12. Radiator
4. Bypass line 8. Inlet line to charge air
5. Thermostat housing with cooler
thermostat (double) 9. Oil cooler (full flow)

Coolant circuit, 12-series engines (DI12 A)

6 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Coolant circuit, 14-series engine

The coolant pump pumps the coolant into the
cylinder block distributor passages through
passages in the timing gear casing.
From the distributor passages the coolant is
pumped further into the cylinder block, flows
around the cylinder liners and then upwards to the
cylinder heads.
The direction of flow of the coolant in the cylinder
head is regulated so that the exhaust valve is
sufficiently cooled.
From the cylinder heads the coolant is directed
into two water manifolds towards the centre of the
engine and forwards into a passage in the timing
gear casing. It then exits the engine via the
thermostat housing at the front end of the timing
gear casing on the right-hand side.
On a DI engine the coolant exits the cylinder
block front side directly after the coolant pump
and is directed to the charge air coolers. There it
flows backwards in the lower part and then
forwards in the upper part before returning in a
common pipe to the bypass channel in the timing
gear housing, where it is mixed with coolant from
the engine before the thermostat housing.

2 1 3 4 5
1

12

11

10

8 7 6

1. Ventilation line 5. Coolant pump 9. Fan

2. Expansion tank 6. Charge air cooler 10. Bypass line
3. Static line 7. Oil cooler 11. Thermostat housing with
4. Inlet line to charge air 8. Outlet line from charge air thermostat
cooler cooler 12. Radiator

Coolant circuit, 14-series engines (DI14 A)

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 Coolant circuit, 16-series engine

The coolant from the radiator is directed into the
front, lower right-hand side part of the cylinder
block and through a passage into the coolant
pump.
The coolant pump then pumps the coolant into the
upper centre part of the cylinder block past the oil
cooler and to the distributor passages.
From the distributor passages the coolant is
pumped further into the cylinder block, flows
around the cylinder liners and then upwards to the
cylinder heads.
The direction of flow of the coolant in the cylinder
head is regulated so that the exhaust valves are
sufficiently cooled.
The coolant from the cylinder heads is collected
on both sides in manifolds in the outer part of the
cylinder block.
The coolant in the two manifolds flows forwards
in the cylinder block to a passage in the front end
of the cylinder block that leads the coolant on to
the thermostat housing.
If the thermostats are closed, the coolant is
transported back to the pump suction side via a
bypass channel in the front end of the cylinder
block.

2 3 1 8
1

5
9

7 4

1. Ventilation line 5. Oil cooler 8. Thermostat housing with

2. Expansion tank 6. Fan thermostat (double)
3. Static line 7. Bypass line 9. Radiator
4. Coolant pump
Coolant circuit, 16-series engines (DC16 A)

8 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Radiator and expansion tank

8 1
9-, 12- and 14-series engines: 7
2
The radiator consists of two vertically mounted
radiator tanks and a cooling package that connects
them.
The cooling package consists of horizontal thin-
walled brass pipes in three rows for 1.0 and 1.2
m2 radiators and two rows for 0.75 m2 radiators.
1.0 and 1.2 m2 radiators: The pipes pass through
thin copper plate discs to maximise the radiator
thermal dissipation.
0.75 m2 radiators: Thin copper plates are located
within the pipe row matrix to maximise the 6
radiator thermal dissipation.
One of the radiator tanks (radiator inlet) is
connected to the outlet on the engine thermostat
housing.
The other radiator tank (radiator outlet) is
connected to the coolant pump suction side, like 5 4 3
the bypass line.
The expansion tank is made of plastic and is 1. Expansion tank
located above the radiator. It has a filler pipe with 2. Cooling package
cap and an integrated float level monitor. 3. Drain tap
The filler cap in a standard expansion tank does 4. Outlet from radiator
not contain a delivery and vacuum valve. This cap 5. Inlet to radiator
must not be replaced with a cap with a delivery 6. Radiator tank
valve. 7. Venting
The expansion tank also has a direct connection, 8. Filler cap
static line, to the coolant pump suction side. This
line reduces the vacuum in the pump inlet and 9-, 12- and 14-series engines:
thus the risk of cavitation in the pump. Radiator and expansion tank
When the thermostat(s) open(s) the coolant is
transported to the lower side of the radiator and
then flows horizontally through the radiator where
it is cooled by the air stream generated by the fan
(if it is a vehicle, the ram air) passing through the
radiator.

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 9

16-series engine:
The 0.8 m2 radiator consists of two vertically
mounted radiator tanks and a cooling package that
connects them.
The cooling package consists of horizontal thin-
walled aluminium pipes in three rows. Thin
aluminium plates are located within the pipe row
matrix to maximise the radiator thermal
dissipation.
One of the radiator tanks (radiator inlet) is
connected to the outlet on the engine thermostat
housing.
The other radiator tank is connected to the coolant
pump suction side.
The expansion tank is made of plastic and is
located above the radiator. It has a filler pipe with
pressure cap.
When the thermostats open, the coolant is
transported to the upper right-hand side of the
radiator and then flows horizontally through the
radiator where it is cooled. It returns to the engine
from the lower left-hand side of the radiator.
The 1.3 m2 radiator consists of two radiator
tanks positioned at the top and bottom and a
cooling package that connects them.
The cooling package consists of vertical thin-
walled aluminium pipes in three rows. Thin
aluminium plates are located within the pipe row
matrix to maximise the radiator thermal
dissipation.
The plastic expansion tank is integral with the
radiator and is located on top of it.
It has a filler pipe with pressure cap and level
monitor, venting and static line integration.
When the thermostats open, the coolant is
transported to the upper part of the radiator and
then flows vertically through the radiator where it
is cooled. It returns to the engine from the lower
part of the radiator.

10 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Coolant pump, 9-series engines

The coolant pump and the oil cooler are combined

in one unit, located on the right hand side of the
engine.
The coolant pump is driven directly by the
crankshaft damper via a poly-V-belt.
It is a centrifugal-type pump and consists of a
spiral-shaped pump housing with an impeller
located directly on the half shaft. The shaft is
carried in the housing by two ball bearings that are
permanently lubricated.
The pump shaft bearing is sealed with a flexible
axial seal to prevent coolant entering.

1 2 3 4

8 7 6 5

1. Coolant enters the engine 5. Coolant pump

2. Cool oil 6. Coolant from radiator
3. Oil to be cooled 7. Oil cooler
4. Coolant from thermostat housing 8. Connection housing with connection
(alternative inlet from radiator, 6 is point for engine heater and feed to
then plugged) charge air cooler

Coolant circulation through coolant pump and oil cooler, 9-series engine

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 11

 Coolant pump, 11-series engines

The coolant pump is located in front of the engine

and is driven from the crankshaft pulley by the
V-belts.
It is a centrifugal-type pump and consists of a
spiral-shaped pump housing with an impeller
located directly on the half shaft. The shaft is
carried in the housing by two ball bearings that are
permanently lubricated.
The pump shaft bearing is sealed with a flexible
axial seal to prevent coolant entering.

1 2

1. Outlet to engine
2. Bypass channel
3. Coolant from radiator and oil
cooler and return from
charge air cooler

Coolant circulation through coolant pump, 11-series engine

12 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Coolant pump, 12-series engines

The coolant pump is located in front of the front

engine cover on the right-hand side of the engine.
The coolant pump is driven directly by the
crankshaft damper via a poly-V-belt.
It is a centrifugal-type pump and consists of a
spiral-shaped pump housing with an impeller
located directly on the half shaft. The shaft is
carried in the housing by two ball bearings that are
permanently lubricated.
The pump shaft bearing is sealed with a flexible
axial seal to prevent coolant entering.

3
4
2

1. Outlet to engine
2. Bypass channel
3. Static line
4. Return line from charge air
cooler 5

1
Coolant circulation through coolant pump, 12-series engine

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 13

 Coolant pump, 14-series engines

The coolant pump is mounted on the engine

timing gear casing. It is driven via the camshaft
gear.
It is a centrifugal-type pump and consists of a
spiral-shaped pump housing with an impeller
located directly on the half shaft. The shaft is
carried by two ball bearings that are lubricated by
oil spray from the timing gear housing.
The pump shaft bearing is sealed with a flexible
axial seal to prevent coolant entering.

4
5

3 2

1. Outlet to engine
2. Coolant from radiator and oil
cooler
3. Outlet to engine
4. Bypass channel
5. Static line connection

Coolant circulation through coolant pump, 14-series engine

14 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Coolant pump, 16-series engines

The coolant pump is located on the front right-

hand part of the cylinder block.
The coolant pump is driven directly by the
crankshaft pulley via a poly-V-belt.
It is a centrifugal-type pump and consists of a
spiral-shaped pump housing with an impeller
located directly on the half shaft. The shaft is
carried in the housing by two ball bearings that are
permanently lubricated.
The pump shaft bearing is sealed with a flexible
axial seal to prevent coolant entering.

1. Coolant from radiator or bypass channel

enters the coolant pump
2. Coolant from pump enters the cylinder block

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 15

 Thermostat and thermostat housing

11- and 14-series industrial engines have two
thermostats while 9-series engines only have one
thermostat.
12- and 16-series engines have a double
thermostat.
When two thermostats or a double thermostat are
used they are set to the same standard opening
temperature.
The thermostats use wax as the temperature
sensing medium.
At coolant temperatures below the thermostat
opening temperature, all coolant circulates
between the engine cooling passages and the
coolant pump without passing through the
radiator.
If the coolant temperature in the engine is higher
than the temperature for a fully open thermostat,
the bypass channel is closed and all fluid flows
through the thermostats and to the radiator.
When temperature equilibrium is reached within
the thermostat control range, i.e. between the
temperature limits for fully closed and fully open
thermostat, the thermostat valves shift to the
corresponding intermediate position. A part of the
coolant then is directed to the fluid pump without
being cooled, and the rest is directed to the
radiator.

A B
1. Outlet to radiator
2. Coolant from engine
3. Bypass channel
A = closed thermostat - return to coolant pump through bypass channel
B = open thermostat - full flow to the radiator
Thermostat housing with thermostat, 9-series engine

16 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 3

1 1

A B

1. Coolant from engine

2. Bypass channel (return to
coolant pump)
3. Outlet to radiator

A = closed thermostat - return to coolant pump through bypass channel

B = open thermostat - full flow to the radiator
Thermostat housing with thermostats, 11-series engine

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 17

 1

2
A
1. Coolant from engine
2. Bypass channel (return to
coolant pump)
3. Outlet to radiator

A = closed thermostat - return to coolant pump through bypass channel

B = open thermostat - full flow to the radiator
Thermostat housing with thermostats, 12-series engine

1
B

18 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 3

1
1

A B

1. Coolant from engine

2. Bypass channel
3. Outlet to radiator
A = closed thermostat - return to coolant pump through bypass channel
B = open thermostat - full flow to the radiator
Thermostat housing with thermostats, 14-series engine

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 19

 A B

1. Outlet to radiator
2. Coolant from engine
3. Bypass channel
A = closed thermostat - return to coolant pump through bypass channel
B = open thermostat - full flow to the radiator
Thermostat housing with thermostat, 16-series engine

20 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Radiator fan
The engines are available with either a suction or
pushing radiator fan. There are four different
standard sizes.
With a suction fan better air distribution across the
radiator is achieved if there is only a short
distance between fan and radiator (100-150 mm).
The improved air distribution gives a more
efficient cooling than with a pushing fan.
The cooling capacity with a pushing fan can be
improved somewhat by increasing the distance
between fan and radiator.
Air flow through radiator with pushing fan
02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3
With a pushing fan the air is heated, 3° - 5°
depending on engine type and installation, when it
passes the engine before the radiator. This also
has a negative impact on the cooling capacity.
To improve the fan efficiency, it has an airtight
fan ring. A fan cover is positioned between the
radiator and fan ring to direct all air to the fan
through the radiator.
The cooling capacity is influenced by the size of
the radiator, the fan diameter and fan speed, and it
is reduced if there is any risk of recirculation. The
size of the fan and the fan speed also affect the
power requirement and the noise level.
Air flow through radiator with suction fan
21
Level indicator 3
1
The level indicator warns when the coolant level
is too low.
9-, 12- and 14-series engines:
When the engine is equipped with a Scania
cooling system the level indicator has two
terminals and is located in the expansion tank.
The indicator consists of a magnetic float (1),
mounted in a housing in the expansion tank, a
level monitor (2) fitted in the float housing and a
warning lamp in the instrument panel. 2

1. Float
2. Level sensor
3. Expansion tank

9-, 12- and 14-series engines:

Level indicator in Scania cooling system
16-series engine:
All-speed engines with 0.8 m2 radiator: The level
monitor has 2 terminals and is located in the static
line from the expansion tank.
Single speed engines with 1.3 m2 radiator: The
level monitor, of the same type as for the 0.8 m2
radiator, is located in the expansion tank which is
integrated in the radiator.

16-series engine:
Level indicator in static line

22 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 02:01-01

 Charge air cooler

Charge air cooling is available as an option on Cold air has a higher density and contains more
supercharged engines. oxygen by volume than heated air. The
Two principles of operation are used: (see the type temperature of the intake air increases when
designation) passing through the turbocharger. If the air then is
cooled in a charge air cooler, the density increases
• DI:water to air and more oxygen is supplied to the engine. This
• DC:air to air means that more fuel can be burnt.
Maximum engine output depends among other As a result, a higher engine output and torque can
things on the amount of air and fuel that can be be achieved. The cooled air lowers the combustion
supplied to the engine. temperature as well as the temperature of the parts
affected by the combustion, resulting in lower
thermal stress in spite of the increased engine
output.

DI engines - water to air

The coolant circuits for the various DI engines are described on pages 4, 5, 6 and 7.

DC engines - air to air

The DC engines have pipes that lead air from after When it has been cooled, the intake air flows back
the turbocharger to the charge air cooler, which is to the intake manifold, which distributes the air to
either located between the engine and the radiator the cylinders.
or in front of the radiator (see figure).

1. Charge air cooler

2. Radiator
3. Intake air pipe
4. Exhaust

Air distribution in a DC engine (16-series engine shown)

02:01-01 © Scania CV AB, Sweden 1999-10:3 23