CDF

Top Mass at the Tevatron

Tomonobu Tomura
(University of Tsukuba)

For the CDF and DØ Collaborations

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 1

CDF

Introduction
80.6

In the Standard Model,

LEP1, SLD Data
−
„ LEP2, pp Data
80.5
Top mass is a fundamental
68% CL
„

mW [GeV]
parameter.
80.4
„ Top mass can constrain the
Higgs mass through the loop 80.3
∆α

diagrams. mH [GeV]
114 300 1000 Preliminary
80.2
130 150 170 190 210
mt [GeV]

„ Also important input for other Tevatron Run I average

top property measurements. 178.0 ± 2.7 ± 3.3 GeV c 2
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 2
CDF

Tevatron Run II
„ The world’s only top factory!
„ Peak luminosity:
1.3×1032 cm-2s-1
„ Delivered luminosity: > 1 fb-1

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 3

CDF

Detectors for Run II

„ Both detectors upgraded tracking system,
electronics, trigger, DAQ…
„ CDF „ DØ

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 4

CDF
Top Quark
Production and Decay
~100%

15% 85%

„ Final states
„ Dilepton (5%, small backgrounds – QCD fakes, Drell Yan, Diboson)
„ 2 high-p leptons(e/µ), 2 b jets, large missing E
T T
„ Lepton+Jets (30%, manageable backgrounds – W+jets, QCD fakes)
„ 1 high- p lepton(e/µ), 4 jets (2 b jets), large missing E
T T
„ All-hadronic (44%, large backgrounds - QCD)
„ 6 jets
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 5
CDF
CDF Lepton+Jets
Template Method
„ Reconstruct the top mass event by event using
the following χ2 fitter:
( pTi , fit − pTi ,meas ) 2 ( pUE , fit
− pUE , meas 2
)
χ =
2
∑
i =l , 4 jets σ i2
+ ∑
j = x, y
j

σ 2j
j

( M jj − M W ) 2 ( M lν − M W ) 2 ( M bjj − M t ) ( M blν − M t ) 2
2

+ + + +
ΓW2 ΓW2 Γt2 Γt2

„ Build the template of reconstructed top mass

distribution for each input top mass.
„ Build the 2-D templates of reconstructed W→jj
mass and top mass distributions for each Jet
Energy Scale (JES) and input top mass.
„ Fit the top mass and JES simultaneously. NEW
„ Reduce dominant syst. err. due to JES.
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 6
CDF
CDF Lepton+Jets
Template Method (Result)
CDF Run II Preliminary 2-tag 1-tag(T) 1-tag(L) 0-tag
2-tag 1-tag(T)
9
8
Data (16 evts)
18
16
Data (57 evts)
events 16 57 25 40
Entries/(15 GeV/c )

Entries/(15 GeV/c )
2

2
7 Signal + Bkgd 14 Signal + Bkgd

Bkgds 1.89 10.4 14.3 ⎯

6 12
5 Bkgd only 10 Bkgd only
4 8

±0.52 ±1.72 ±2.45

3 6
2 4
1 2
0 0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
mreco
t
2
(GeV/c ) mreco
t
2
(GeV/c ) Likelihood
1-tag(L) 0-tag 3 9σ
5 9 8σ
Data (25 evts)
8
Data (40 evts) 7σ
2
Entries/(15 GeV/c )

Entries/(15 GeV/c )
2

4
Signal + Bkgd 7 Signal + Bkgd 6σ
6 5σ
3 1 4σ
Bkgd only Bkgd only 3σ

JES (σ)
5
4 2σ
2 1σ
3 0
1 2
1
0 0
-1
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
2 2
mreco
t (GeV/c ) mreco
t (GeV/c ) -2
-1
-3 CDF Run II Preliminary (318 pb )

∫ = -1
L 318 pb Best single measurement 160 165 170 175 180 185 190
2
Mtop (GeV/c )

+2.7
mt = 173.5 − 2.6 (stat.) ± 2.5(JES) ± 1.7(syst.) GeV/c 2

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 7

CDF
CDF Lepton+Jets
Template (Future)
Jet Energy Scale from W→jj
4 CDF Run II Preliminary

JES Uncertainty (GeV/c )

3.5

2
Mtop Systematic Uncertainty
from W→jj Energy Scale Only
3
2.5

„ JES uncertainty is dominated 2

by W→jj statistics.
1.5
1
0.5

„ We can constrain more with 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

more statistics.
-1
Integrated Luminosity (fb )

Prospect for Mtop

„ Expect to reach JES 5 CDF Run II Preliminary

uncertainty below 1 GeV/c2.

Total Uncertainty (GeV/c )

2
Total Mtop Uncertainty for
4 Lepton+Jets Channel Only

Total top mass uncertainty can

(Non-JES Systematics
Fixed at 1.5 GeV/c2)
„ 3

reach 2 GeV/c2 in Run II. 2

With only single measurement.

TDR Projection (1996)
„
1

„ Improve by combining with

other measurements.
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
Integrated Luminosity (fb )
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 8
CDF
DØ Lepton+Jets
Template Method
„ Build templates for reconstructed top mass
„ Two analyses D∅ Run II Preliminary

Topological analysis

Fraction of Events/(0.04 Units)

„ Entries
Mean
17400
0.7111
tt
No b-tag requirement
RMS 0.2442

„ 0.15 W+jets
Entries 2912

Low bias discriminant (DLB)

Mean 0.4585
RMS 0.2826
„

using topological variables 0.1

„ DLB > 0.4

0.05

„ b-tagged analysis
„ Require ≥1 b-tagged jet 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
D LB
„ No cut on DLB

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 9

CDF
DØ Lepton+Jets
Template Method (Result)
„ Topological analysis „ b-tagged analysis
D∅ Run II Preliminary D ∅ Run II Preliminary
Events/(10 GeV)

Events/(10 GeV)
25 t t+Background
94 events Background
Data
14
69 events t t +Background
Background
20 12 Data

10
15
8

10 6

4
5
2

0 0
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
Fit Mass (GeV) Fit Mass (GeV)
44.2 ± 6.6 tt events 49.2 ± 6.3 tt events
∫ = -1
L 229 pb
mt = 169.9 ± 5.8(stat.)+−77..81 (syst.)GeV/c 2 mt = 170.6 ± 4.2(stat.)± 6.0(syst.)GeV/c 2
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 10
CDF
CDF Lepton+Jets
Dynamical Likelihood Method
„ Maximum likelihood method using matrix
element
2π 4
Li ( M top ) = ∑∑ ∫ F ( z a , zb , pT ) | M |2 w(x, y )dx
It I s Flux
„ F : Parton distribution function for (za, zb) and PT of tt system
M : Matrix element of tt process | M | =| M prod | Π( sr ) | M dec |
2 2 2
„

„ w : Transfer function x (partons) ↔ y (observables)

„ Sum over all jet-parton assignments (It), solutions for pz of ν (Is)
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 11
 CDF Lepton+Jets
CDF

Dynamical Likelihood Method (Result)

∫ = -1
L 318 pb 63 events
Exact 4-jet events, at least 1 b-tagged jet 13.1±2.2 Bkgds
63 events joint likelihood -1
CDF Run II Preliminary (318 pb )
-2ln(L/Lmax)

-1

Events/(10Gev/c )
CDF Run II Preliminary (318 pb )

2
18 Total MC Prediction
30
After Background Consideration(13.1 events) 16 Signal Mtop = 175 GeV
2
25 173.8 ± 2.7
2.5 (stat.only) GeV/c 14 Combined Background

12 Data 63 events
20
10
15
8
10 6
2.18
171.8 ± 2.02 GeV/c2
5 4
2
0
166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 1842 0
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
2
MTop [GeV/c ] Per-Event Mass at Maximum Likelihood [GeV/c ]

+2.7
mt = 173.8 − 2.5 (stat.) ± 3.3(syst.) GeV/c 2

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 12

CDF
CDF Dilepton
Neutrino Weighting Algorithm
Template method
CDF II Preliminary Mean 154 Mean 166.2
„

Probability density

Probability density
0.022 0.018
0.02
RMS 30.36 RMS 32.1
0.016

Calculate the weight as a

0.018
0.014
„ 0.016
0.014 0.012

function of top mass

2 2
0.012 150 GeV/c 0.01 170 GeV/c
0.01 0.008
0.008

Scan η of two neutrinos

0.006
0.006
„ 0.004
0.004

4 solutions for neutrino pair

0.002 0.002

„ 0
100 150 200 250 300 350 2
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 2
Mtop (GeV/c ) Mtop (GeV/c )

„ Weight from missing ET Mean 178 Mean 190.1

resolution, neutrino η
0.016

Probability density

Probability density
0.016
RMS 32.41 0.014
RMS 34.58
0.014

distribution 0.012
0.012

0.01

Integrate over unknowns

0.01 2 2
190 GeV/c 210 GeV/c
„ 0.008 0.008

0.006

Choose largest-weight
0.006

„ 0.004 0.004

mass for each event

0.002 0.002

0 0
100 150 200 250 300 350 2 100 150 200 250 300 350 2
Mtop (GeV/c ) Mtop (GeV/c )

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 13

CDF
CDF Dilepton
Neutrino Weighting Algorithm (Result)
-1
CDF Run II Preliminary (358.6 pb )

Events/(10 GeV/c )
2
Likelihood vs top mass
10
8

-ln(L/Lmax)
Data (45 evts)
7
6

45 lepton+track events 8 Signal + Bkgd 5

4
3
14.7±5.7 backgrounds 6
Bkgd only 2
1
0
135 150 165 180 195
2
Mt (GeV/c )

∫ = -1 4
L 359 pb
2

0
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
2
Reconstructed Mass (GeV/c )

+7.1
mt = 170.6 − 6.6 (stat.) ± 4.4(syst.) GeV/c 2

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 14

CDF
DØ Dilepton
Template Method
Calculate weight as 13 dilepton events
„
∫ = -1
3.3 backgrounds L 230 pb
a function of top
mass for each event
D∅ preliminary

lnLmax-lnL
7

using Dalitz and 6

5
Goldstein method. 4

W (mt ) = ∑ ∑ f ( x ) f ( x ) p (El* mt )p (E l* mt )
3
2
solutions jets
1
„ f : parton distribution 0

function 120 140 160 180 200 220

top mass (GeV)

p : probability of +14
= ±
„ 2
observing El from mt
mt 155 −13 (stat.) 7 (syst.) GeV/ c
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 15
CDF
CDF Dilepton
Matrix Element
33 dilepton events
∫ = -1
L 340 pb
„ Use LO matrix 11.6±2.1 backgrounds 20

-ln L
Probability density
element to build 0.015 ∫
CDF Run2 Prelim.

differential cross-
-1
L dt = 340 pb (33 evs) 10

Data

section Gaussian Fit 0

140 160 180 200
M t [GeV]

0.01
„ Evaluate diff. cross-
sections for bkgds 0.005

„ Make top mass

posterior distribution 0
from above diff. 140 150 160 170 180 190
M [GeV] t

cross-sections mt = 165.3 ± 6.3(stat.) ± 3.6(syst.) GeV/c 2

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 16
CDF

Comparison
11
CDF Run 2 Preliminary (June 28 2005)

Run 1 World Average

(Run 1 only) 178.0 ± 2.7
2.7 ± 3.3

Run 1 D0 Lepton+Jets
(Run 1 only) 180.1 ± 3.6
3.6 ± 3.9
D∅ Run II Preliminary

l+jets (ideogram)
177.5 +5.8 +7.1
-5.8 -7.1
GeV
Run 1 CDF Lepton+Jets
(Run 1 only) 176.1 ± 5.1
5.1 ± 5.3
-1
L=160 pb
169.9 +5.8 +7.8
GeV
Run2 CDF + Run1 D0
(CDF: l+j,l+l D0: l+j,l+l) 174.3 ± 2.0
2.0 ± 2.8
l+jets (template, topological) -5.8 -7.1

top
Mreco+W → jj 173.5 ± 2.7
2.6 ± 3.0
-1
L=230 pb Lepton+Jets:
-1
170.6 +4.2 +6.0
GeV (L= 318 pb )
l+jets (template, b-tagged) -4.2 -6.0

L=230 pb-1 Lepton+Jets:

-1
(L= 318 pb )
DLM 173.8 ± 2.7
2.5 ± 3.3
155.0+14.0 +7.0
GeV
dilepton (matrix weighting) -14.0 -7.0

L=230 pb
-1
Dilepton:
-1
Matrix element
(L= 340 pb )
165.3 ± 6.3
6.3 ± 3.6

World average (Run I only)

178.0 +2.7 +3.3
-2.7 -3.3
GeV Dilepton:
-1
ν weighting
(L= 359 pb ) 170.6 ± 7.1
6.6 ± 4.4
hep-ex/0404010
Dilepton:
-1
φ of ν
(L= 193 pb ) 170.0 ±16.6
16.6 ± 7.4
140 160 180 200
Top Quark Mass (GeV) Dilepton:
-1
Pz(tt )
(L= 193 pb ) 176.5 ±17.2
16.0 ± 6.9
0
Preliminary Tevatron Average
150 160 170 180 190 200
2
Top mass (GeV/c )
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 17
CDF

Comparison of Errors
Channel Lepton+Jets Dilepton
Templ. Topol. b-tag DLM NWA Templ. ME
Method
(CDF) (DØ) (DØ) (CDF) (CDF) (DØ) (CDF)
Luminosity 318 229 229 318 359 230 340
+2.7 ±5.8 ±4.2 +2.7 +7.1 +14 ±6.3
Stat. Err. −2.6 −2.5 −6.6 −13
±2.5 +6.8 +4.7 ±3.0 ±2.6 ±5.6 ±2.6
JES Err. −6.5 −5.3
Other Main BG Shape Gluon Rad. Gluon Rad. BG Frac. BG Shape Ev. Gen. BG MC
Sys. Err. ±1.1 ±2.6 ±2.4 ±0.6 ±3.0 ±3.0 ±1.5
±3.0 +7.8 ±6.0 ±3.3 ±4.4 ±7 ±3.6
Tot. Sys. Err. −7.1

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 18

CDF

Summary
Preliminary Tevatron Average
2
„ Tevatron is performing very 174.3±2.0 ±2.8 GeV/c
well.
„ Delivered luminosity: > 1 fb-1 LEP1 and SLD

„ CDF lepton+jets 2D-Template 80.5 LEP2 and Tevatron (prel.)

method provides the best 68% CL

measurement.

mW [GeV]
„ New techniques are developed. 80.4
„ Will reach goal of measuring
top mass to ~2 GeV/c2 in Run
II. ∆α
80.3
„ By combining different mH [GeV]
measurements, more 114 300 1000
improvement is expected. 150 175 200
mt [GeV]
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 19
CDF

Backup

Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 20

CDF
CDF
b-jet Energy Scale (Z→bb)
-1
CDF Run 2 preliminary - L=333 pb

Selected Events : 85730

12000 Selected events
Background
Z signal: 3394 ± 515 events
10000 Fit result Z→bb : 3394±515 (4%)
„ Further Studies:
Events per 5 GeV

8000

6000 „ Evaluate systematic

biases, if any
Improve Z→bb
4000
„

2000 modeling
0
„ Aim 1% b-jet energy
0 50 100 150 200 250
scale (10k Z→bb)
Dijet invariant mass (GeV)
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 21
CDF

Systematic Errors (CDF L+J)

CDF Lepton+Jets Template CDF Lepton+Jets DLM
Source ∆mt (GeV/c2) Source ∆mt (GeV/c2)
JES 2.5 JES 3.0
b-jet modeling 0.6 Transfer Functions 0.2
ISR 0.4 ISR 0.4
FSR 0.6 FSR 0.5
PDFs 0.3 PDFs 0.5
Generators 0.2 Generators 0.3
BG shape 1.1 BG fraction 0.6
b-tagging 0.1 BG Modeling 0.6
MC statistics 0.3 b-tagging 0.2
Method 0.5 b-jet Modeling 0.6
TOTAL 3.0 Total 3.3
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 22
CDF

Systematic Errors (CDF Dil)

CDF Dilepton NWA CDF Dilepton ME
Source ∆mt (GeV/c2) Source ∆mt (GeV/c2)
JES 2.6 JES 2.6
b-jet Energy 0.6 Generators 1.0
MC Generator 0.5 Method 0.6
PDFs 0.4 Sample Composition 0.7
ISR 0.8 BG MC 1.5
FSR 0.6 BG Model 0.8
Missing Energy 0.2 ISR 0.5
Signal Template 0.2 FSR 0.5
BG Template 1.3 PDFs 1.1
BG Shape 3.0 TOTAL 3.6
Total 4.4
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 23
CDF

Systematic Errors (DØ)

DØ Lepton+Jets Template DØ Dilepton Template
∆mt (GeV/c2) Source ∆mt (GeV/c2)
Source
Topological b-tagged JES 5.6
JES +6.8/-6.5 +4.7/-5.3 Event Generation 3.0
Jet Resolution ±0.9 ±0.9 PDFs 0.9
Gluon Radiation ±2.6 ±2.4 Underlying Event 1.0
Signal Model +2.3 +2.3 Background 1.0
BG Model +0.7 ±0.8 Calibration 1.1
b-tagging ⎯ ±0.7 Total 6.7
Calibration ±0.5 ±0.5
Trigger Bias ±0.5 ±0.5
MC statistics ±0.5 ±0.5
TOTAL +7.8/-7.1 ±6.0
Jul. 08, 2005 HCP2005 @ Les Diablerets 24