Glossary

AFFF: Aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) are water-based and frequently contain
hydrocarbon-based surfactant such as sodium alkyl sulphate, and fluorosurfactant.

British Standards: British Standards are the standards produced by the BSI Group
which is incorporated under a Royal Charter (and which is formally designated as the
National Standards Body (NSB) for the UK).

Bureau of Indian Standards: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national
Standards Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food
& Public Distribution, Government of India. It is established by the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986.

Co-generation: Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat
engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

Crude Oil: crude oil is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological
formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels.

Dampers: A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a
duct, chimney, air handler, or other air-handling equipment.

DCP: Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) are mono ammonium phosphate-based powders that
are generally for multipurpose use on Class A, B and C fires. They have a triple actin on
fire: they break the chain reaction chemically, they smother the fire by cloud formation,
and they also produce a cooling effect.

Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath.

Exhaust plenum: a plenum (pronounced PLEH-nuhm, from Latin meaning full) is a
separate space provided for air circulation for exhaust in gas turbines.
Fire Detector: Fire detectors sense one or more of the products or phenomena resulting
from fire, such as smoke, heat, infrared and/or ultraviolet light radiation, or gas.

Fire Pump: A fire pump is a part of a fire water system's water supply and powered by
electric motor or diesel engine. The pump intake is either connected to the public
underground water supply piping, or a static water source (e.g., tank, reservoir, lake). The
pump provides water flow at a higher pressure to the fire water system risers and hose
standpipes.
Fixed Roof Tank: A fixed roof tank is a type of storage tank, used to store liquids,
consisting of a cone- or dome-shaped roof that is permanently affixed to a cylindrical
shell.

Flame Detector: A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the
presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame
depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line
(such as a propane or a natural gas line), and activating a fire suppression system. Flame
detectors are categorized as ultraviolet, single wavelength infrared, ultraviolet infrared, or
multiple wavelength infrared.

Floating Roof Tank: A floating roof tank is a storage tank commonly used to store
large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate. It consists of an
open- topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the
stored liquid. The roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. As opposed to a
fixed roof tank there is no vapor space (ullage) in the floating roof tank

Gas Turbine: The gas turbine is the engine at the heart of the power plant that produces
electric current. A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gas or other
liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces
electrical energy. It is electrical energy that moves along power lines to homes and
businesses.
Glossary

Horton Sphere: A Horton sphere is a spherical pressure vessel, which is used for
storage of compressed gases such as propane, Liquefied petroleum gas or butane in a
liquid gas stage.

Jockey Pump: A jockey pump is a small pump connected to a fire water system in
order to maintain a certain pressure in the system, and sized to ensure that if there is a
drop in the pressure, the pump is automatically activated and replenishes the pressure
drop.

LPG: Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to
as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel
in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

Naphtha: a flammable oil containing various hydrocarbons, obtained by the distillation

of organic substances such as coal, shale, or petroleum.

NFPA: The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a United States trade
association, albeit with some international members, that creates and maintains private,
copyrighted standards and codes for usage and adoption by local governments.
NGL: Natural gas liquids (NGL) are components of natural gas that are separated from
the gas state in the form of liquids. This separation occurs in a field facility or in a gas
processing plant through absorption, condensation or other method.

OISD: The Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) is a regulatory and technical
directorate in India. It was established in 1986 by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
[1][2][3] The OISD formulates and implements safety standards for the oil industry.
PSU: A state-owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking (PSU) or a
public sector enterprise. These companies are owned by the union government of India,
or one of the many state or territorial governments, or both. The company stock needs to
be majority-owned by the government to be a PSU.

Reid Vapour Pressure: Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is a common measure of the
volatility of gasoline. It is defined as the absolute vapor pressure exerted by a liquid at
37.8 °C (100 °F) as determined by the test method ASTM-D-323.

Solenoid Valve: A solenoid valve is an electromechanical device used for controlling

liquid or gas flow. The solenoid valve is controlled by electrical current, which is run
through a coil. When the coil is energized, a magnetic field is created, causing a plunger
inside the coil to move. Depending on the design of the valve, the plunger will either
open or close the valve. When electrical current is removed from the coil, the valve will
return to its de-energized state.

Total Flooding System: a total flooding fire suppression system is an engineered

system utilizing a fixed nozzle agent distribution network which expels a gas with
smothering capability directly into the fire such that it floods the compartment on fire.

UV Detector: Ultraviolet (UV) detectors work by detecting the UV radiation emitted at

the instant of ignition. While capable of detecting fires and explosions within 3–4
milliseconds, a time delay of 2–3 seconds is often included to minimize false alarms
which can be triggered by other UV sources such as lightning, arc welding, radiation, and
sunlight. UV detectors typically operate with wavelengths shorter than 300 nm to
minimize the effects of natural background radiation. The solar blind UV wavelength
band is also easily blinded by oily contaminants.