Ch-2 flee ric Po enHal anl

Po enHal DFference

in ued. to
Etecure
Poeu-al
( V)
olue lo eka ngy .

6techne. Prelol Phom o ne

One
Flow o chon
chang
b y ee lerhne
T he
oinechion
Aho wn by l e r m t e
e ano
heu booly
body
Po te al.

Elee tnte Po enhat

flechne keuHal a t any po hF n an
po
ta Hae "pen un
o n k e l o ne
elecae Preld
mpnte
+ve chan.ye t bntnain EPnom
he hat poin f o n + v e
cho9,
V
+Ve
Note
- Ye chony,

V N on
awo -ve alway

Poenel

N
o c l o l i o l .

nol
Uni + Joue Volt CV)

a Scalan

Dime M'L2T*A

tSlechrae potenhal dliFfo rence

behwee n. kuo poinh
teuho liFfeuenee amo u n t o wo
ouuk
ha on
lo ne
e

Lecn po
e amo un o
red E o m
a n elecnt
nit tVe cha n e nbngn
pe v
elnoheK.

One poin- ke
Cnt volE
 palenpra
Calen(addon Clecr

2)

'r Prom a

P Ca point c d u lance,
AA M
po!n
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lek en at odu le no
A
P1ace at poiat
f 22»

n o us h od
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olw

w
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(*) G

A P oF e u H a l

2
V
 Doneaee
Expeuion poenha
d
A

t E A ounol e tvopo
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o.
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lonKolon e s olmploee
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d - fdx z
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lokdone in bringin 9Fiom to

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W-7 (-L +

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v
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une

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ynt
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at P e to
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change

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ay
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k
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po henha

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pleoe
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charrge 2 a

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24

uhes Po n h a l at cowhte

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r
KA
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n go "YJ2

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betwe en poind changes
wopo
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wonk
h Omo ont cuem blge
n
n , Hhp in

h em q l l *ed Po Fe u t r a l e n e 9y

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3

chonq eA
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olV2

Etee £tec te Po lenha c anyPoiu

dipolp

.B
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aa ca
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e a
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Dipole momeul . P 2L

Ao o L A n+L

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Poteunal a CO
9 Chang e

unEn -L)

Poe H \ c C 0 o uo

1 ntL)

9 ( (-)
KP

tL
dpule
V
(-L)--L)
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a

e+o P )

ol

r
2r

V +.

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Polehs
( Enenqy oa dtpo(e plaod

Ce
a dipole e opole momp nt P
placedl unifonmeleenk P i l

A h Seween
P

Tone
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 i ro afock Hho ush eq arnut
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lN t dc PE Sin0 do

Net wonk obn M o etq

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PESn d o

2
CO

E
(Ce c0o, -

cou CO 2 )
Specal Caue

dipole i iniHedy Lr to
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wwih
dd (0>:4) tate
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iacmne Apheuo Rad ru

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o m A
lak +
CO

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xo

d ~ o v

Re loton Beween d

Suppaae a cko90
iA o be dMpl aoeol
A
A

Wenkdntnbring'pe
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Vg
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AO
AD
de -
V Va

> Edrr dv
- ddv
dr

Elec tie Piedo kenury Feaalqnol

ia ut
al o V Po

Aepeyer
aApuso
P.D b ween
V s sepattan
, e
E V (numentcally)

P oPo tentha
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finol e a2m
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o
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cd

2 21
2

o X: 2m E 4 2 8 vo 't/w
 Surace
E9vipo tenHal
housegal pokernta

any Sunface
on it_iA ceUeol
peinba
atveny

po lenh'al svnfec "7VV Ve

eu
in_being'ng
is olone
L No wonk

n
e chang
keulial 8onfeuee
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to Hhe
e
fonee
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Avu fete.
fqpi po kenhia
nevec
Can
Avn Face
Eqvipoknial
T o

ntene eF.
dipole
enta! aux Pee Po
u i po Smong f e l d

w ecnk palol
 Capoci tcnc e

e whreh PcM
ConclvetoAs The Subene

cfbw ckoaqes ) eeette

eohen elte,
elecoreiky CLn Call e l
cetteal copple ol
etdi
Condluekons

Cu el.
e A, Ag s

dono
I n u l a t oris The suhatante w h e h* P

edeete t when elecnie Prelal

Call eal
aPplreol ane
ularons
mreo

Free aned Bounol chanqs

One e e
Etechtons ooutet onbf ts mart
e houa e a mel becaué Hhey yet
deteuheol Prom He tomg Cnol move
reely le e MeFel.
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ane bounol chnL b eceu tue Hhy
movOin a m etal

inulton boH elechot

n cn
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 ahe eld
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fieles i i e
E,-
CCnduthon

ned ueed feld d e fo

Ind
mCvom Dd Prre el ecftoru
to diaee b »E
k Ppos

in ale a conal ve
hor
i
Elech Pelol

O
rted Ufencp
chonqe
Conoluç

A
atuO
inol e

e ualurr
retelo
chanqo
 Po tenial
«enaufne ent fon E =
-dv

d
olv
O en oVCo
dn

V» Conuaul

ol and
V is Same c
he UnPee p

ho llo u
i n nole

chane eck Conolvc Fon -

No ehonge ale Cawi E

e
Cus len|

A 2 0
AUnfece

v V: Comlaunf

Th co cept M uel fon aleomoaleeec

Abielolino9E ta o intde He Coaviy)
n Hhe AUnfaee-
Elechm Pield m alua
cOTduelen
 Elec htieal ca pa e i tenc e onolucho
a

The mec ne ehe abili ee eonduchp

hola ckonges
Nhen change i iven PokeHal
incneaes
V

CV

Cae
C Capc ciante V
ev
Q chongo
eleehue pokenHel

MalhmuHea He
ue o
cono uelo rn
conol
Capaei lanae o cc

n
hange Cmo Unt

Patal CA)

D'menko On AT
M' L27|
m'LT2
AT
 Somo vu Honj

hat i bounal chonge onP

caled a

Tho +Vo ion 1n a lae e

Aubs
an CennoF no vo 'na

bound chono es

metal
(mmo
m ma ble bile
od Call
Posihve ou do not move

cheagea T/F
CuA. Taue

Unit Capaer'auce feunacl (F

condvetor
Aphenieal
oan iso lasel
opoeiance

Pyon
Suppos o chonge
to he conolue fon

Bus e chenge
mouteo a 0.
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e o be
be c o n cen
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po int M Aomee
PolenHol oany
V C

2
Copa ci lance(F)
V
 unEoR
R
x to

Pon ea vth.
6O o* 0
R
3

7 ME.
o?ts princi ple
on
ci For
Co pa
Conc ept

oe
lakge
la
E alon es
E a l o n e
¬leehmhe
when

tel
eel
cOndveod
conduefod
Po
me
e u l
stnqle Ach
a m o d n t

fon a
o c h a n g e i s

hih,CsCs co
o hh teh
e.
e .f
foon
n
e
wlbe
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TOnn tu
Pelel ein
e
ehctnA
nalinq
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reo ut
a
eneR
An Un chongeol Conolue fo Y Plae odvey
*

clone to he e hongecronale oe x 3.

Negahve e honey e4 Cne alevelopeol on Hhe

inne
ne Avnfete o y ' ema Ve chan9e aun
V
On its outtex auefaeP. The
ekorae
e nal lo alecrnecue He pokema x
Conoluckon. anol+ve chan e y ' cOrduh
terol o e
none cue me Po'-entoul hex.
ecne
taa reult He po kenhal e x
Due fo earthva
by mell amound.

+Ve changes olisappear. anel oly ve

ema n
n nCn
okange
lle apcLe eapoc en
eapaci ke
Th i Cll eal P r a

Symbo

fireol VCnahle
Copue 'to CCpet eike«

Ccmbinakton e capnci Feui

Seni e ombinhon

- +0 +C0CO

V
 N

9 +

9-1
Cae oleleeie
plue eol
plceeol
a
Cwh On
plakes panpaxalle
beueen
wih bctton
Couproib*
Pl cauke
c o n n e e f a o /

not
Cbnneeta/yiH
baten
= CVV inc)
g
change = Ctnc)Cnc)
CV
C
Capcot lance »C
(conutaut)
Potohal =
v v v

incu
U u' 1 '
Enongy -
combs)
6'= ' =6
EtecePetd

) c hanqe G
c = KC Cincn)
C
Cop oor en ce
(lerwne)
Poloukal V V v=

GLecneld » ¬' (decu

De enecu oener qy

C V, A
C2
U CV, v
 ho
HHE
abyo9 oro
h '
K
- bhova a b u y
A7+ zA '
Z'
'A'
A
ào OM moN
to auuo