Dot 19.

11 20
CONVEXITY coNCAYITY Tne
19.
:00hM.

oand
and Convex. doon
7Conce

cupve
be a iven /-o
)
L point on the
curve.

Then tMe cunv

uptuand or convex

c o nC aV :

point P.
t the
aed

nduptwa d
Concave d
doow
wnnwwaa
nndd / C onvex
ConveX

eunve
P
a iven
be
Lel f o ) the
h e Cumve
Cunve.

o
0nn
a point
pont
P)be is
eunve
then the
r o doonw downwond ond oo n
e

tpeerd
point
po'nt pP.
C o n c a v e

at
the
the

upwand
Conve

Pont of Trflexion
of he eurve
inlexion
he ponts of
whve
) =0
are the o0ots of f
f) in the ght
Oppesite SJn in
h a s one sgn
Left points undej

eHhpe- the
g
he :ght Side
Con.sideraion
 Coneavilyor Conveiit»Y.tx-0is

orve fl) :s convx at fl)

Lr.t the -osi's 7

al
P
() is conco
if
P(18) d. r t . he xais

&Tnteryoal Pl)
a,b)=6 R:a{1<b
nteoyal

cpen
ad16b}R=(
1ab] freR ; b15-+H2
= X - 6 7 1 2 t

close deaval whieh

of
of x for pomts
yalues ulyo 4he
Find the oange of downusoed.
'Find asto

upwand
o
SConcave

nflexion 1t a
= - 61312x+5z+7

21 18Y+14 -+ 5
+424
X-361

d 12
12(-37 +2)
= 12(y-) (1-2) 2

when 1<1
wken
nteoyal
(-, )
im The
h e
upwaed

is Concave
copve
The

11 2
the tntewval (1,2)
the
downwand
ConCMe
h e CupVe ss

hen KY2,
 he
,
Cone Ave Upwond n Ihe nten val (2, *)
120vC 1S

= 2 ae points of ilevion

vex
con
here

Vrovee
that = an e (7)0) S very
i s
converi w.r.t fhe z-
ywanas, Concy or

all X)0
Convex
upwad for
. The a P V e

Zdpart

when o4AKI o when

t)i
Here 0
o4I
when
d )o
when
u hen x>
Y>I
a i s hen oX
50 t. hey
y-
he
18 is
convex
w:n

cunve wWhen, ¥>

Henee,he - anis
Hencd w.t.
the
C o n g o v e

- ans at
he
C o n v e
w
e* iS
C P v e
=

6. Ppove that
eeR pont.

e y

d
fon
all 1eK
- o
y-axis at a
w.rt the
vex
Con
is
Hente the curve

everpont
F n d the poink of tnflevion
a (a+ -ax

(a).-alr(pr)
(a a'
d (als x) a-a'1 al+2
Ca' o

(o'na)

(a
x 2 ( a l 4 r ' ) x 2 u

( 2 1 ) ( a )

(a1)

a (a
Ca' ') 4a'l-+
43
= a l a y - 2 a ' -2x
(a 3

a 2-6a'x.

(a
2a 6az
(a+
( a4
2a- z 3a)

X=0, 3a, -V3a.

x
gueh. valve of
Cheekd 0 Jor eoch

: twe 0, V3a-V3a are the

The poinds of nfleaion.
 ho' al (o,0)
h Pont of nloion

37 d E 6 x
6x

on 10

,iSa point o inflexion.

indlevion at (o,o)

.The
Curve
= 74 has apoint

43
=122

for 7{0
Now C o
on 1)0
point of i nflexion.
inflezion.

a pont of
not
n o t

point of
po'nt
O,)is
a z s + b z 2
has
has a
B6.
Junction
Htu)= of a 4
1f he find he
values

has (L2).
etion

( ) = 3nrp 267

) = 6a14 2b inflea on.

of inflexij
peint
point
sa 3atb=o
3 0 t b ' = o

ce 1,2) ba12b
6a-12b =00 9
=

d 7 =0 e e. CUoe,d+b= 2

on
he
SnCe (,2) e
- 2 = - 2 , 2 1

b
5 -
 Of he Cud

Fnd he pe'rds of nflesion

Y-+5.
73-5
1

240

No 72-24

-D4 F0

= 2 4 t 0

0 = 5 4 q-
intlean
arne pont
(5, 4 2 3 )
Concavi
=6t, qe ls-3t so
9amine the
evme

Convex iH
4 -4t5-3t

=t 12t3
No, d -2t
42-
124-3 ht
12-t
4tat-12/4 t
 H)2

4t-+

t)o
Nod 0 fo
o foo t{0

upuwaroed

vEe
ca
Con caV
Con
Curve
iS
The Sir)
or t(o, =
:Ce"
"((Y
ix4 Si
Conve Upward Jor c

Cu
u
ve
n e

he
which
hlch
in
( , 2n.
for E
intooyals

he
. Find or
doron w nod
upuard
S Concave

=eX(- S*+
(asx SinE * ) + ex(ogY HSt")
+ +oj
=e*
) + e ( - s

el-Ss.ot

e ( - o s t - s n 1 )+ te(s+8na)
e"(
+
( a g y - S a )

+a)
+ 2 eX
- e o

2 eK(osz-Sin

Now

Sn
fom
fop 2r
intenval
intem
in the
in t he
p w a r d

Concave
)
The Cuve
downuvord
In the tntewval
O tonCoré. 2)
he nteva!(
(oneaNe cupoand

the pietion poin& odevbn

 hou ghN
houo dhAf 7 iS COnCvE upw
/upuwands.

e eve where
ConCove

da 41
19112%2
at lo,)

Dale+27 h 202
Fme-A Se Pm

.Pnd he poiny gf hnflerion on the

Cupve =
(a-) lN-2(7
=-1) t-2)(-)
-12
-2)
Now, Pnathen u
6 - )=0 Nos, (0 here j{2

owhore )2
6 2) s a pot
=6#0 indlexion
2

,) a point of leaion
G
Shoud
Shous hal he
pont onflovion of hecur
he ine 3X+a hh
-(1-a)'(7b) e on

= (z-0ftt-)
=-)-
-4
= -5+
2Y-b
2X-2b+A-a

2 V- b

3 - a-2b

2-b
6V1-b(3x-a-2h)

A(1-1)
6N-6b3 +a t 2h
A(1-b)%
3-4bta

A1-b)h

Nouo dL-0
d
3 t a -45=0

Ab-
3 (x-5)7-2x4
31-hbt)
12lr-b)2- (n
16 (Y-6)°
12Cx-b)- 6(31-4baa

16 (x-6) -ba
+24,
127-A12h=
18X

16(1-b)
-3n 3a +6b

S(1-b)
No hen Xhh lhen (
Alb a)b-a
3

4b-a)2

3Y3
'(Mb- 6-a) (h 3/
3 33
points of nle vion tie
rfle rion i

he pins of inflexton he
On the tine + A = Hb
eupYe = cs
n which he
4Shouo that eveny
point
pant of
inler'on.
meets The auls of is a
where =0
of
The CuPve mees he
as

Nov 0

Sin=0
nis
aegern
hepe
h i

= anT

T=O Jon
sin ntt a

d - AnT

d ts
m idger, n.
indeer,
o S nIT
#o Jo

Cuve
meee
m ett he
ant he
A+ =
dlenivn.
are pont's 6f
thec
.Show
Shoud Iha1 The
obseissa of he points ofnflenien
on the cuve
-w) Sotisty he equation

d=20H")-f)2

3
nhmust
ust hve d=o
daro
ae
Nou o the poinl of mleaion

[Peved

Note
Concovitw.nt_a i s
PPl»y be a pont
Cue

Let fu). "be

Con Ven
on the conve.
P
fhen the tunYE

Curove iS Contave at p
o then he
 Eyepi Ses
onddt he. Ohg
eae

Sho thatd Y s
Con

epua vds
Cota.

0
Now,d o for

2 nd poat
e

Here 0
70 V XEK

eR

Here 7 0

-
-220
0 1iS
-40+ + 3x
SX
sX40X
the eorve a
that bt Concav
2. Shouw
n- 2< fo 1< at
Con cawe2 upwands O<1<2 4
r

-2 o<
f 1 {2
dewnwand in
ao
1 Traee he
= 2 , 0 , +2 hene a e poinds of infexion.

Cune

7The iven e9uation is 3A-101°+-St - 20

 120X +3
KB
6 15
o X - 2 4 M 2 4 0
2 4 0 7 .

han_O{Y{

Here

= 0 t 2
240X

O X =
6 x 2

240)
=

0
0
o n G o -

xo

0 ov
Edheyo - 6

2 1 {0
 y-e" has points of inte
e *

3(a) Show that he Cuve

a

= e
2
-2)x(-2)e
4xe-
-

At 2) e

NOW 0
-x(42)=0
e
l'e
+0
=o
2
4

(-2x)(4r 2)e
8e - +
Again = 12e e
8e t-8x e

he came haj peints ofinflexion atx-

Proredl
Satis oursel Thad the follaoia "cures haye e i n
ad the point ndieaded
( (s-x); (,2)
(6 a' (
) E (-2a )(-a) 2

(+V3a
,,t* )
asinbtos;
()X= aan i d:
e (1-+)"
a'= #(o-?) ; (o,0)
(a,0) (0,0

7 = 1'(3-1) =3 ar Prether
wwhene Te )
6 -3

= 6 - 67
fleubn,
of
apont
(02 s

n l erion.
- 6 # 0

vion.
infle
point
point bf
of
s a
C1,2)

(a3

)+316r31
(nB-1x)
3P
(a 1)
- 6 )
(a+
- 35
a (a+1)
 b
he iven equation s
/s ay

Mow
(a4 r)2
)2b'x ( 2(a)v7
hen 2b'(a1
(ar)"
-2hfa
8b(a ) -2b(a24)
S ( a
Ca21) b 2 b à - 2 6

(a i 3
2 b 6 - 2a
(a1)3

2 ( 3 - a )

o 34-a= 0

a-(3x*-a9/3(01)'y 2x
2 6(a
d dn3
ax6

e 2(6 (ag
 Show
that he cue (1r- -x ha three
thre ponds
pods
6 o 4 hnf he le On a stmght line
ofinfleateon
(14')= 1-
(zx)-|-
21+ (1+)2

(11)-1)-
(1-x) (11 7

14) vrf
. f2tta)
(1)- (i21-)
C2n-2)
47
d (14x) -
yx'+g1
d 921-2 +212
14
-2 6x 2 - + 6 2

0 beth s'de)
- 2 + 646-2 0 b-)
Dvide

- 3 - 3 n + t =o
O
= 4 2t/a
( - 4 1 - + 1 ) h + 1

+0
74tV/6-4
2
f'
J sst(p1a
xufj
aszu
di

=
(-21+r*67-2)
(-*tr+
6a-2)
1)9-
X= -1, 2IY3

( - 6 2 2 + 11
2 2x
% --+
+ 6)
(H1
6) (+
-62+
( 1 4 2 )6

Mou,
J O,
-
o
+0 2+s

when, 71,} - are the

the

2 2-, ) nflexion.

Of
poins
thee p
line Jored k
straight
Now, h e equation
of he
s
(2-1, ) 4 (2-, 1+73
X-21V6)
-Y3--Y3
(av6)2-TR)

-2-Y 4-1-
2 -2
42
-2- V3 = 1+1-3

l e f f Sole
Sode
+ l +3= O the
fastLeft
fet
in
+1
= |
Putieg we get
weget
equation
0 the - PHS
3= O
4(41)
-

LHS= (-1) +
the egquafion
equation

Salisfe Stalght la
Since (-1, 1) Eo lie on a,
inflexion.
three poins of
Hence, he
ence, the
ine. [Proved

sine curve
Sine cune

the points gin ewhich he

1Show hat X s a point of

e S i n ())c u s the axis of

inflet'on
= c Sin(a)