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MOMENT OF INERTIA
Moment of Inertia( Second moment of area)
Radius of Gyration
Elemental area A
A
r1 k
r2 k
r3 k
B B
Radius of gyration is defined as a constant distance of all
elemental areas which have been rearranged with out
altering the total moment of inertia.
1
Polar moment of Inertia
(Perpendicular Axis theorem)
Y x
r
y
O
z
x
2
Parallel Axis Theorem
dA
x y x
*G
A B
Moment of inertia of any area about an axis AB is equal to the
M.I. about parallel centroidal axis plus the product of the total
area and square of the distance between the two axes.
= ∑dA (d2 + y2 + 2 × d × y)
3
MOMENT OF INERTIA BY DIRECT INTEGRATION
Q 4.2 Find the Moment of Inertia of rectangular area about its base-
(about the line AB) using Parallel Axis Theorem
4
Q 4.3
= bh3/36
R 2 r
y=rSin
= r3.dr Sin2 d x x
0 0
R 2
R
= r3 dr {(1- Cos2)/2} d
0
R
0
2
A B
=[r4/4] [/2 – Sin2/4]
0 0
= R4/4[ - 0] = R4/4
10
5
Find the moment of inertia of Semi-circular area about
Q 4.6
the Base & centroidal horizontal axis
IAB = dA . y2
R
= (r.d.dr) r2Sin2
0 0
R y0
= r3.dr Sin2 d
0 0
R
= r3 dr (1- Cos2)/2) d
0 0
R
=[R4/4] [/2 – Sin2/4] x x
0 4R/3
A B
= R4/4[/2 - 0]
= R4/8 = (πD4/32) y0
11
Ixx = 0.11R4
12
6
Find the moment of inertia of Quarter-circular area
Q 4.7 about the base & centroidal horizontal axis
D y
IAB = ICD
R /2
IAB = (r.d.dr). r2Sin2
0 0
R /2
= r3.dr Sin2 d x x
0 0 4R/3π
R /2 A
= r3 dr (1- Cos2)/2) d B
C y
0 0
/2
=[R4/4] [/2 – (Sin2 )/4]
0 4R/3π
= R4 (/16 – 0) = R4/16
13
= 0.055R4
14
7
Sl.No Figure Ix Iy I xx I yy
b -x
0 0
-y
0 0
Y
1
d
x0 x0 bd3/12 - bd3/3 -
d/2
x x
Y Xo
2
h
x0 bh3/36 - bh3/12 -
x0
h/3
x x
b
3 y0
R
x0 O x0 R4/4 R4/4 - -
y0
4 y0 4R/3π
x0 0.11R4 R4/8 R4/8 -
x0
x y0 x
5 y y0
x0 4R/3π 0.055R4 0.055R4 R4/16 R4/16
4R/3π
15
25
30mm
5
5
20mm
15
X X
5 5 5 5
20mm
16
8
Q 4.8
Solution:-
20 * 203
25
30mm = + (20 * 20)102
2
12
20 * 303 1
5
+ + (20 * 30) * 302
3 36 2
5 3
10 *10
1 20mm −[ + 10 *10 * 202 ]
15
12
X X Ixx = 297.5 *103 mm 4
5 5 5 5
20mm
17
Q 4.9
100mm
30mm
25
mm 80mm
20mm
20mm
x x
200mm
18
9
Q 4.9
SOLUTION :-
100mm
5 30mm
25 80mm
3 4 20mm
1 20mm
x x
200mm
19
Q 4.9
Ix x = 200*203/3+[25*1003/12+(25*100)702]
+2[87.5*203/36+0.5*87.5*20*(26.67)2]
+[100*303/12+100*30*1352]
100mm
Ix x=71.05*106mm4
5 30mm
25 80mm
3 4 20mm
1 20mm
x x
200mm
20
10
Q 4.10
Find M.I. about the horizontal centroidal axis for the
area shown and also find the radius of gyration.
200mm 200mm
400mm 463.5mm
100
250mm 250mm
xo
xo
400mm
y=436.5mm
100mm
1100mm
21
Q 4.10
Solution:-
200mm 200mm
400mm 463.5mm
6
3 4
5
100
250mm 250mm xo
xo
400mm
2
y=436.5mm
100mm 1
1100mm
22
11
Q 4.10
∑A=1100*100+400*100+400*400+2(1/2*100*400)-π*502
=3,42,150 mm2
∑AY=1100*100*50+100*400*300+400*400*700+[(1/2)*100*
3
400*633.3]*2 - π *502*700 =14,93,38,200mm
Y= ∑AY / ∑A=436.5mm
23
Q 4.10
rXoXo=√(IXoXo/A)=307.536mm.
24
12
Q 4.11
= Sin-1(4/5)
A
X X
25
Q 4.11
AB 100
AE = FC = = = 125 m m
cos (90 − ) 0 . 8
26
13
Q 4.11
IXX=IDFC+IFCE+IFEA+IAEB
=125 (60)3/ 36+ (1/2)*125*60*(60+60/3)2
+125(60)3 /36+(1/2)*125*60*402
+125*603 /36 +(1/2)*125*60 *202
+125*603/36 +(1/2)*125*60*202
Ixx = 36,00,000 mm4
27
Q 4.12
80mm
A 40mm B
40mm
40mm 40mm
28
14
Q 4.12
Solution:-
2
40mm IA =429.3*10 4mm4
40mm 40mm
29
Q 4.13
Calculate the moment of inertia of the built- up section
shown in fig.about the centroidal axis parallel to AB. All
members are 10mm thick.
250mm
A B
50mm 50mm
50mm
10mm
250mm
10mm
50mm
30
15
Q 4.13
Solution:-
250mm
A B
2
50mm 5 Y=73.03mm
3 4 40mm
40mm
10mm
1 250mm
10mm 6
50mm
31
Q 4.13
∑A=2*250*10+40*4*10=6600mm2
∑Ai Yi =
=250*10*5+2*40*10*30+40*40*15+40*10*255
+250*10*135
=4,82,000mm3
32
16
Q 4.13
Y= ∑AiYi / ∑A=482000/6600=73.03mm
Moment of Inertia about centroidal axis
= 250*103/ 12+250*10*68.032
+ [10*403/12 +40*10*(43.03)2 *2
IXoXo =5,03,99395mm4
33
Q 4.14
30mm 50mm
20mm
40mm
R=20
34
17
Q 4.14
solution:-
30mm 50mm
20mm 2 3
Xo Xo
40mm
1 31.5mm
R=20
4
35
Q 4.14
∑A=40*80+1/2*30*30+1/2*50*30-1/2*π*(20)2 =3772mm2
∑AiXi =3200*40+450*2/3*30+750*(30+50/3)
-1/2* π*202 *40 =146880mm3
∑AiYi =3200*20+450*50+750*50-628*4*20/3 π= 118666.67mm3
Y =118666.67/3772= 31.5mm
36
18
Q 4.15
10mm
150mm
10mm
37
Q 4.15
solution:-
150mm
Yo
10mm
41.21mm
Xo Xo
150mm
Yo
10mm
38
19
Q 4.15
IXoXo+(150*10+140*10)*(41.21)2=11296667mm3
39
Q 4.16
10mm
50mm
10mm
40mm
40
20
Q 4.16
solution:-
10mm Yo
A B
50mm
Xo E Xo
F
Y=17.5mm 10mm
C D Yo G
40mm
X=12.5mm
41
Q 4.16
Centroid
X=∑ax/∑a= [(50*10)5+(30*10)25]/800=12.5mm
Y=∑ay/∑a= [(50*10)25+(30*10)5]/800=17.5mm
IXoXo = [10*503/12+(50*10)(17.5-5)2]+
[30*103/12+(30*10) (12.5)2 =181666.66mm4
IYoYo=[(50*103/12)+(50*10)(7.5)2]+[10*303/12
+(30*10)*(12.5)2]=101666.66mm4
rxx=√(181666.66/800) = 15.07 mm
ryy=√(101666.66/800)= 11.27 mm
42
21
Q 4.17
60 mm
100 mm
100 mm
43
Q 4.17
solution:-
60 mm
100 mm 1 2
Xo Xo
Y=40.3mm
100 mm
44
22
Q 4.17
Y=[(100*100)50-(π/4)602*74.56]/[(100*100)- (π/4)602]
=40.3mm
IXoXo= [(100*1003/12)+100*100*(9.7)2]-
[0.55*(60)4+0.785*(60)2*(34.56)2 ]
=83,75,788.74mm4
45
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
30mm
30mm
20
30mm
100mm
46
23
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
300mm
200
200mm
900mm
[Ans: X = 699.7mm from A, Y = 265 mm
Ixx = 10.29 x 109mm4, Iyy = 16.97 x 109mm4]
47
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
200mm
20
140mm
60
20
100mm
[Ans: Ixx = 45.54 x 106mm4, Iyy = 24.15 x 106mm4
rxx = 62.66mm, ryy = 45.63mm]
48
24
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
X 60 20
20 X
60 60
[Ans: X = 83.1mm
Ixx = 2228.94 x 104mm4, Iyy = 4789.61 x 104mm4]
49
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
40mm
160mm
40mm
40mm
90mm
[Ans: Ixx = 2870.43 x 104mm4, Iyy = 521.64 x 104mm4]
50
25