A

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME, (SIWES).

CARRIED OUT AT

JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED (SUB-CONTRACTORS TO JULIUS BERGER

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY)

NO. 60 ISIUKWATO CRESCENT F.C.D.A. OWNER OCCUPIER, SHOPPING

COMPLEX KUBWA-ABUJA

BY

ORICHA DAVID OMEIZA

MATRIC NO: 1705010027

SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE,

COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,

JOSEPH AYO BABALOLA UNIVERSITY, IKEJI-ARAKEJI OSUN STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
(BSC.) DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE
JANUARY, 2020

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I, ORICHA DAVID OMEIZA with the matriculation number
1705010027, a student of the department of Architecture, College of environmental sciences,
Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, compiled this technical report carried
out at JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED located at NO 60 ISIUKWATO CRESCENT
F.C.D.A. OWNER OCCUPIER, SHOPPING COMPLEX KUBWA- ABUJA NIGERIA after the
successful completion of my three (3) months SIWES (August 05th – October 25th 2019)

______________________________ _____________________________

NAME OF STUDENT SIGNATURE AND DATE

____________________________ ____________________________

NAME OF DEPARTMENT SIWES COORDINATOR SIGNATURE AND DATE

______________________________ _____________________________

NAME OF JABU SIWES SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE AND DATE

______________________________ _____________________________

NAME OF HEAD OF DEPARTMENT SIGNATURE AND DATE

______________________________ _____________________________

NAME OF DEAN COLLEGE OF ENVIRON SCIENCES SIGNATURE AND DATE

_________________________________ _____________________________
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 DEDICATION

This report is first of all dedicated to GOD ALMIGHTY, the king of kings and the Lord of Lords
who made this industrial training of mine a Wonderful and a huge success, guiding and leading
me through thick and thin, and making me come out victorious at the end of the training.

I also dedicate this report to my wonderful parents (PASTOR & MRS FRANK ORICHA), who
were not relenting in supporting me throughout the SIWES period.

Conclusively, this report is dedicated to every individual that will find this report, a useful
Informative Material for his or her academic pursuit.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My profound gratitude goes to GOD ALMIGHTY, the author and finisher of our faith for
granting me an impactful industrial training period (SIWES).

Furthermore, my immense gratitude goes to ENGR. EDDY ODIGIE for the love, support, care
and training given to me throughout the time of my industrial training, may the Lord continue to
bless and increase you richly in Jesus name amen.

To the my entire household PASTOR AND MRS FRANK ORICHA and the family of
PASTOR AND DCNS JEREMIAH .Y. ABRAHAM for their prayers and immense contribution
towards the success of my industrial training, may the God of heaven reward you all in Jesus
name amen I love you all. I will not stop without appreciating the chairman chief executive
officer of JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED in person of ENGR. JOSEPH ADEJOH for
the love support and training he gave unto me during the siwes period, may the Lord continue to
bless you sir. I really want to say a big ‘thank you’ to all of you for all your supports in prayers
and goodwill. This training wouldn’t have been successful if you didn’t stand in the gap for me
in fervent prayers and Physical support, May God bless you all immeasurably in Jesus Name
(Amen).

Furthermore, I would like to appreciate my Lecturers especially my siwes school supervisor in

person of ARC. MAYOWA PAUL OGUNRUKU for standing in the gap between theoretical
and Practical aspect of Architecture, as this helped profoundly during the course of my SIWES
training may the Lord lift you up beyond your widest imagination in jess name amen I am very
grateful.

Finally, to all my friends and colleagues, God bless you real good as you all contributed to whom
I have become today I cherish you all God bless you.

TABLE OF CONTENT

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COVER PAGE…………………………………………………………I
CERTIFICATION……………………………………………………..II
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………..IV

CHAPTER ONE

1.0. STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

1.1. INTRODUCTION

1.2. THE NEED FOR SIWES

1.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

CHAPTER TWO

2.0. PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

2.1. NAME AND LOCATION OF THE FIRM

2.2. BRIEF HISTORY AND PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

2.3. THE COMPANY’S PHILOSOPHY AND VISION STATEMENT

2.4. THE COMPANY’S ORGANOGRAM

2.5. SOME PROJECTS CARRIED OUT BY THE COMPANY SINCE

INCEPTION

CHAPTER THREE

3.0. WORK DONE DURING MY INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PERIOD

3.1. INTRODUCTION

3.2. SYNOPSIS AND CATEGORISATION OF WORK EXPERIENCE

3.3. SITE EXPERIENCE

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAIONS

5.1. SUMMARY

5.2. CONCLUSION

5.3. RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE

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1.0. STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (S.I.W.E.S)

1.1. INTRODUCTION

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is basically an institutionalized

avenue created by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973, in conformity to decree 47 of 8 th of
October 1971, to provide students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria with a window of experience
of real life work situations prior to their graduation. The program is funded and coordinated by
the ITF, which has a mandate, under the decree 47, to “promote and encourage the acquisition of
skills in industry and commerce with a view to generating a pool of indigenous trained
manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the Nigerian economy”. The chief aim of the SIWES
program is to enable the students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria acquire the necessary
practical industrial skills and professional experience that would ease their transition from
academic learning to professional practice after their successful completion of their course of
study.

The SIWES program is coordinated and monitored through the I.T.F center at different zones in
all the states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The ITF has its national headquarters located in
Miango road, Jos Plateau state. In coordinating the scheme, the ITF works jointly with the
National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education
(NBTE).

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a compulsory one year exercise,
which constitutes a part the approved minimum academic standards in the various first degree
and diploma courses for all students of universities, polytechnics and other tertiary institutions in
Nigeria. The program is also among the guidelines of the Nigerian Universities Commission
(N.U.C) for the award of bachelor’s degree in science/technology and education. Thus, the
program is organized in all tertiary institutions in this country, but the period of training differs
from one institution to the other.

In the polytechnics, the period of training is one year, which occurs after the second semester
of a student’s Ordinary National Diploma (O.N.D). This is mandatory and is a prerequisite factor
for admission into the Higher National Diploma (H.N.D) program.

In Joseph Ayo Babalola University (JABU), the College of Environmental Sciences runs the
program in three phases via Students Work Experience Program (SWEP) with a duration of 12
weeks (that is the break period of Second Semester 200 level and First semester 300 level).
SIWES I, with duration of three (3) months carried out by the students between the break of 200
level and 300 level First semester. The third phase is exercised during the second semester of
300 level.

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The scheme is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria, which provides subvention to the
ITF for this purpose.

1.2. THE NEED FOR S.I.W.E.S

The need for the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was triggered by an
observation made up of a wide gap existing between the theory and practice of all practically
oriented courses; Engineering and Technology, Sciences, Agriculture, Medicine, Management
and other educational programs in the Nigerian institutions. In an effort to bridge the gap, the
Industrial Training Fund (ITF), which made the observation, initiated the SIWES program in
1973.

Sequel to the initiative, the Federal Government issued a directive and the National Universities
Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) adhered with
policies that all students in tertiary institutions of learning, must of necessity undergo a
compulsory period of training with a reputable and accredited organization, in order to satisfy the
university requirements.

1.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES.

The aims and objectives of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S) are as
follows;

i. To avail the students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria the opportunity for the acquisition
of practical industrial skills and professional experience in their course of study prior to
their graduation.
ii. To ease of the pressure for students of tertiary institutions, transition from academic
learning to professional practice and facilitate contacts for later job placement.
iii. To involve employers in the educational process of preparing qualified graduates for
employment into various industries and establishments.
iv. To groom students of tertiary institutions for the practical challenges obtainable in their
likely places of employments after their successful graduation.
v. To equip students of tertiary institutions with the work methods and techniques that may
not be taught within their institutions.
vi. To avail students of tertiary institution with an opportunity to apply their theoretical
knowledge in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between academic learning
and professional practice.
vii. To expose students of tertiary institutions of learning to machineries and equipment that
may not be available within their institutions.
viii. To provide industries with a yearly opportunity to identify potential resourceful students
of tertiary institutions that may be available for recruitment after graduation.
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 ix. To acclimatize students of tertiary institutions to the institutional settings and social
environments of their prospective industries prior to their successful graduation and
employment.
x. To instill professional confidence into students of tertiary institutions.
xi. To enable students of tertiary institutions gauge and improve their grasp of the
requirements of their profession and the factors necessary for success in the real world of
their chosen careers.
xii. To afford students of the opportunity to acquire varying experiences, compare notes and
share insights into the prospects and hiccups in the fields of their chosen professions.

In order to facilitate the full realization of the above objectives, an Instrument for maintaining
uniformly high and consistent standards was developed in 1996 - the SIWES job specifications.
These specifications are a break-down of a discipline into various tasks and task elements which
will serve as a major guide not only for students on industrial attachment but also for the
employers of labor (industrialists).

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0. PLACE OF INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

2.1. NAME AND LOCATION OF THE FIRM.

The name of the organization where I had my industrial attachment under the SIWES program is
JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED. It is an organization that consists of mainly engineers
(civil, electrical, mechanical and general engineering services). Their mode of operation is:
mainly building, civil engineering works, mechanical and electrical installations. The company is
located at NO 60 ISIUKWATO CRESCENT F.C.D.A. OWNER OCCUPIER SHOPPING
COMPLEX KUBWA ABUJA.

2.2. BRIEF HISTORY AND PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED is an established, incorporated and fully indigenous

company of engineering consulting and contracting capabilities. It was established in February
2012 by a cream of seasoned professionals. Their objectives include the following;

SET UP

To provide an organized set up of consultants and contracting professionals that benefit from a
cross bred of ideals and views from various disciplines.

CONSULTING SERVICES

To provide an engineering consulting outfit for professionals in all fields of engineering

(mechanical, electrical, civil and structural) for all cadres of clients (private clients, government
and government agencies and non-government agencies).

CONTRACTING SERVICES

To provide highly trained professionals in the field of engineering with the state of the art
equipment to manage and type of engineering project to the satisfaction of our range.

2.3. THE COMPANY’S PHILOSOPHY AND VISION STATEMENT

It is our goal to meet the need of our client and to offer them more excellent and professionals’
services than they can get elsewhere. Our vision is to be an outstanding company among
construction companies out there through the provision of quality and professional certified

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staffs and a good system of organizational setting that cannot be matched with any other
organization.

2.4. THE COMPANY’S ORGANOGRAM

DIRECTOR

SUB-DIRECTOR SUB-DIRECTOR SUB-DIRECTOR SUB-DIRECTOR

PE
PE (ELECT) PE (BUILDER) PE (MECH) (CIVIL/STRUCT)

LAND QUANTITY
SURVEYOR SURVEYOR

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 JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED ORGANOGRAM

2.5. SOME PROJECTS CARRIED OUT BY THE COMPANY SINCE INCEPTION.

 REHABILITATION OF BRAITHWHITE TANKS AND WATER

RETICULATION AT F.G.G.C. GUSAU ZAMFARA STATE FOR YANDOTO
SERVICES CO. (PTF PROJECT) YEAR 1998
 TELEPHONE, FIRE FIGHTING AND DETECTION SYSTEMS FOR HENKEL
CHEMICALS BUILDING, KADUNA YEAR 1998
 REHABILITATION OF CBQ “B” BLK 22 AT NMS ZARIA KADUNA STATE
(PTF PROJECT) YEAR 1998
 ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR NIGERIAN
AGRICULTURAL AND COOPERATIVE BANK LIMITED AT JOS
PLATEAU
YEAR 1999
 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION FOR GOVERNMENT STAFF HOUSING AT
ZONKWA YEAR 1999
 ALIYU MOHAMMED’S PROPOSED LODGE AT SOKOTO YEAR 2000

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0. WORK DONE DURING MY INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT PERIOD.

3.1. INTRODUCTION

I resumed my place of industrial training on the 05 th of August. During the course of my

attachment at JOANC ENGINEERING LIMITED, I was posted to the headquarters of the
NIGERIAN IMMIGRATION SERVICE located at sauka, airport road Abuja. At that place there
was a project site titled PROPOSED BUILDING TECHNOLOGY DATA COMMAND
AND CONTROL BUILDING FOR NIGERIAN IMMIGRATION SERVICE which was
designed by an architectural outfit called ARTEC PRACTICE LIMITED MAITAMA ABUJA
and constructed by JULIUS BERGER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY UTAKO ABUJA. I
gained a lot of very useful experience. I engaged in mainly site and construction activities.

3.2. SYNOPSIS AND CATEGORIESATION OF WORK EXPERIENCES

3.3. SITE EXPERIENCE

During my siwes period I was mainly exposed to a lot of site activities, which will be
listed as follows;

 Casting concrete for a reinforced column.

 Placement of formwork for staircase.
 Placement of reinforcement bars for spiral staircase.
 Block work partitioning.
 Casting concrete of concrete walls.
 Placement of filigran slab (precast slab) at 40mm thickness.
 Formwork and laying of reinforcement bars for beams.
 Casting concrete for roof slab.
 Wall plastering
 Floor screeding at 65mm thickness.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A CONCRETE COLUMN

 Check the structural plan and install the reinforcement bars. Ensure that the proper bar
diameter, grades of steel, and spacing are all inclined as per plan.
 Check which other trades like the electrical, sanitary, plumbing and mechanical trades are
to be embedded along the column.

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  Check the plan and install the formworks, properly braced, and tightened with the
approved accessories and scaffolds.

 Ensure that the plumb line is in place on two adjacent sides. As a quality engineer
consultant, you have to check using steel tape if the plumb line is parallel to the column
as it will show vertically.
 Check the coordinates. Have the survey team check the placement of the installed column
formworks with respect to the gridlines to avoid deviations. Double check if necessary.

PROCEDURE FOR BUILDING A FORMWORK FOR A CONCRETE STAIR

 The angle of flight, dimensions of thread and riser are to be properly checked.
 While constructing a stairs attached to a wall, the line of flight, thread and risers are
marked on the wall for proper fixing of shuttering or formwork.
 The boards must be at least 2 thick as to support the weight of the concrete. The whole
structure of the form must be supported by 4x4 posts. The wooden boards are used to
create the steps and are fastened with several screws to the lateral structure of the
formwork.

PROCEDURE FOR PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT BARS FOR STAIRCASE

 Remove extended steel bars from the pedestal beams at the first steps of the staircase.
 Marking the bar and spacing in the staircase and alternating bending of the elongated bars
from the base to the level of the pedestal (initial stairs of the staircase).
 Splitting of alternative bars using reinforcing bars.
 Arrange the reinforcement bars on the receiving area.
 Attach reinforcing bars to the receiving area.
 Fixing the elongated reinforcement bar during the first steps of the staircase.
 Layout and lapping of the stair bar.

PROCEDURE FOR BLOCKWORK PARTITION WALLS

 The surveyor will mark out the layout for the block work using current layout drawings.
 In dry and hot climate, masonry units will be wetted before laying, in order to prevent
quick drying and shrinkage of cement based mortars.
 200mm thick thermal blocks shall be used for the external walls or as per approved shop
drawing details.

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  An approved damp proof course (DPC) material shall be pre-laid into the base of the wall
along alignment of the block wall. The width of the DPC material shall be same as the
particular thickness of the blocks specified on the approved shop drawing.
 First layer of blocks to be solid blocks and it should be fully set out with proper
alignment.

PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE WALL

 Placement of reinforcement bars will be done if the wall thickness is smaller than
100mm, then the reinforcement bars are installed in one layer.
 Fixing formwork is the next concrete wall construction process after the installation of
the reinforcements.
 Construction joints shall be made and located so as not to detrimentally affect the
strength of the wall.
 Concrete should be produced in batching plants under strict quality control and convey it
to site using suitable transportation means like transit mixers.
 Concrete pouring begins after formwork and its ties, pins and wedges are adequately
fixed.
 Formwork of concrete walls can be removed 1-2days after the concrete placement is
ended.
 Curing technique and period may vary based on the environmental conditions.

PROCEDURE FOR CASTING REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB

 The construction joint shall be pre-decided and fixed prior to start of the batching plant,
the additional construction joint may be left. The location of the construction joint shall
be at the one-third span.
 Stock of material shall be sufficient to start the concrete. It shall be ensured by
stores/purchase dept that concreting is not stopped on account of materials. All plant and
machinery are checked and made in working conditions.
 Concrete pouring shall be done and proper walkways/platforms shall be arranged so that
the supports of the pipeline and manpower are not directly stand on reinforcement.
 Finishing concrete surface is done. Use the power float for the smooth finish surface
purpose.
 The curing shall be started immediately after thumb set of the concrete laid. Hessian
clothe/plastic shall be covered over the set concrete to reduce moisture evaporation from
the concrete during hardening and thus to minimize shrinkage crazy cracks.

PROCEDURE FOR BEAM REINFORCEMENT

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  From the structure drawings of the beam, we take the location and name of the beam such
as B-1 for example.
 Then we go to the detailed drawings such as sections, longitudinal sections to make in a
list of its diameter, number, shapes (bent or straight steel), and length of bars for the
bottom, middle and top steel, and we do so for the stirrups like number, dimensions and
spaces of the stirrups.
 After we have the list for bars and stirrups of the specified beam we prepare them by
multiple processes like bending of hooks, cutting the required lengths, and we do the
same for the stirrups then we bring all these parts close to the beam location.
 We put the bottom, middle top steel in their locations in the beam and that will be easy
then we lift the bottom steel as closer as possible to the top steel from middle of the span
of the beam by making it in a curvature shape with the help of a piece of wood left on
two bricks or something equal, then we start to add the whole required number of
stirrups for that beam from the smallest distance between the bottom and top steel bars in
the middle of the span which we have made in purpose for this reason.

PROCEDURE FOR WALL PLASTERING

 Preparation of surface for plastering is done. Keep all mortar joints of wall rough, so as to
give a good bonding to hold plaster.
 In order to get uniform thickness of plastering throughout the wall surface, first fix dots
on the wall. A dot means patch of plaster of size 15mm and having thickness of about
10mm.
 In case of brick masonry the thickness of first coat plaster is in general 12mm and in case
of concrete masonry this thickness varies from 9 to 15mm.
 The thickness of second coat or finishing coat may vary between 2 to 3mm.
 Curing of plastering is done. After completion of the plastering work, it is kept wet by
sprinkling water for at least 7 days in order to develop strength and hardness.
 Cleaning of doors or frame and floor area is necessary at the completion of work. Curing
should be started as soon as the plaster has hardened sufficiently and must be cured for at
least 7 days.

PROCEDURE FOR FLOOR SCREEDING

 Purchase or mix your screed.

 Divide your floor into sections.
 Apply a compact layer of screed to the farthest section.
 Level the screed with a straight edge.
 Repeat until the floor is complete.
 Finish the concrete.
 Cure the screed.
 Wait for the floor to dry.

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Below here are some of the pictures of the activities going on site;

A 3D DRAWING OF THE PROPOSED BUILDING TECHNOLOGY BUILDING DATA

COMMAND AND CONTROL BUILDING FOR NIGERIAN IMMIGRATION SERVICE
ABUJA

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 SITE PLAN

FLOOR PLANS (GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR)

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THE PROPOSED BUILDING

19
 CASTING CONCRETE FOR COLUMNS

PLACEMENT OF FORMWORK FOR STAIRCASE

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PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT BARS FOR SPIRAL STIRCASE

BLOCKWORK PARTITIONING
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PLACEMENT OF FILIGRAN SLAB (PRECAST SLAB) AT 40MM THICKNESS

FORMWORK AND LAYING OF REINFORCEMENT BARS FOR BEAMS

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CASTING CONCRETE FOR ROOF SLAB AT 200MM THICKNESS

WALL PLASTERING

23
FLOOR SCREEDING AT 65MM THICKNESS

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MYSELF TYING REINFORCEMENTS TOGETHER

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND POSSIBLE SOLUTION

The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) ought to pay the student allowance on monthly basis during
the period of attachment, instead of paying it much long after or even withholding it
unnecessarily. If ITF had paid the allowance, it would have complemented the modest
allowances paid by my place of attachment. Thus would have solved the transportation, feeding
and other problems encountered. One of the problems encountered during my industrial training
period was the distance from my place of residence to my place of work which was was quite far
and it takes me 1hr to get to work, most of the time I enter the rain wet and proceed to the office
which was a great challenge to me.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0. SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. SUMMARY

This technical report gives an exclusive in-depth training that I received during the Three (3)
months industrial training. This gave me the opportunity to work with experienced and qualified
professionals in the building construction team. In general, I acquired numerous practical skills.

The first chapter starts with the historical background of SIWES and highlights of its
objectives; the second chapter gives a background of the place of my industrial attachment,
where I was engaged in different activities which are documented extensively in the third
chapter. The fourth chapter talks about problem encountered and possible solutions.

5.2. CONCLUSION

The successful completion of this Student Industrial Work Experience (SIWES) Scheme has in
more ways than one contributed to the development of my professional competence in my
chosen field of study - Architecture. The acquisition of practically oriented skills are keen to the
knowledge-based facts imparted during the period of internship has done a lot in widening my
horizon of what the profession entails.

The tremendous professional capacity building experience gained from my industrial attachment
and the usefulness of the scheme as encapsulated in this report shows that the student industrial
work scheme (SIWES) should not only be sustained, but be reviewed and improved for the
purpose of boosting Nigeria’s indigenous industrial skills capacity.

The scheme is undoubtedly no less as important as the academic class work. So, the Nigerian
Government should encourage and enforce it to the maximal optimum.

5.3. RECOMMENDATION

With due consideration to observations made as well as the content of this report, it is necessary
to make the following recommendations: The Federal Government should increase funding for
the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).

27
 i. The allowances payable to students should be significantly increased to adequately cater
for transportation, feeding and documentation of experience.
ii. The payment of allowances to students, who participated actively in the program, should
be at the end of every month of the attachment period.
iii. There should be proper and regular supervision of the students participating in the
scheme both from the ITF and the tertiary institutions.
iv. Computer aided design and drafting (CAD) should be considered as an inclusion in the
curriculum of the architecture program and other design-related courses in the country in
earlier years of the study to give students an elaborate fore-knowledge prior to the
Industrial Attachment.
v. Site experience should be emphasized to enable students acquire all-round professional
competence.
vi. It would go a long way if the school or the departments can be responsible for the
placement of students into firms that are relevant to their field of studies or ensure that
students approach firms which have substantial contribution to their course of study.

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