III DIVERSION AND INTAKE

Component

3.1 Alternative plan

Site condition for each proposed site
Advantage and disadvantage (inundated area, cost, construction method etc.
Final decision

3.2 Geology and Soil Mechanics

3.2.1 Engineering geology of weir site

3.3 Hydrology
3.3.1 Available water for the project site
3.3.2 Flood discharge

3.4 Hydraulic calculation

3.4.1 Design headwater level
3.4.2 Back water calculation under the present river condition
3.4.3 Back water calculation after construction
3.4.4 Discharge overflow of the weir

3.5 Stability analysis for weir

3.5.1 Calculation of stability
3.5.2 Correction of trapezoidal section
3.5.3 Apron
3.5.4 Creep length
3.5.5 Riprap
3.5.6 Dimension of design
3.5.7 Scouring sluice

3.6 Inlet

3.7 Related structure

3.7.1 Setting basin
3.7.2 Retaining wall
3.7.3 Flood dike

3.8 Construction plan

3.4.4 Discharge over flow of the weir

(1) Flood water revel

Water level before construction is calculated as non-uniform flow (see table 1).
From the calculation, water level before construction is found as follows.

Fig. 1

(2) Effective crest revel

The overflow section of the weir consists of two parts such as shown in fig.2.

1.50x3+0.50x 3 = 6m 146.3 m

0.5 m number of pier 3

1.5 m
Fig. 2

The effective crest width (Be) is related to the actual crest width (B) between
abutments and / or piers by following equation:
Be = B - 2 (n Kp + Ka) H1
where n is number of piers
Kp is pier contraction coefficient
Ka is abutment contraction coefficient
H1 is energy head in m
Effective width for scouring sluice are taken at 80%.

Ka and Kp are given as follows,

Kp (piers)
for square-nosed pier with rounded corners 0.02
for round-nosed piers 0.01
for pointed-nosed piers 0
Ka (abutment)
for square abutment with head wall at 90 degree 0.2
for rounded abutment with head wall at 90 degree 0.1

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 for rounded abutments where r > 0.5 H1 0

Therefore Be is found as follows.

Be = 146.30 + 1.50 x 0.8 x 3.00 -2 x ( 0.01 + 0.10 ) H1
= 149.9 - 0.22 H1
here Kp = 0.01
Ka = 0.1

(3) Head discharge (see annex 1)

The head discharge are given as follows.
Q= Cd 2/3 (2/3 g )0.5 Be H11.5
where Q is discharge in m3/s
Cd is discharge coefficient (Cd = C0 x C1 x C2)
g is acceleration of gravity in m/s2 (=9.8)
Be is effective length in m
H1 is energy head above crest in m

The discharge coefficient Cd is grasped depending on crest type, such

as cylinder type and ogee type.

Water level for each discharge are calculated at several water depth (see table
2), and result are shown in below table.

Water elevation and discharge for each return period

Return period (year) 5 10 25 50 100 1,000
Discharge (m3/s)
Water level (m, upstream)
Water level (m, downstream)

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3.5 Stability analysis for weir

3.5.1 Calculation of stability

The section is determined so as to safety for the following conditions at normal

condition, normal condition with earthquake and flood condition.
1) Overturning, 2) Sliding, 3) Settlement

The external forces acting on the weir body include dead weight, hydrostatic
pressure, sedimentation pressure, uplift, seismic force.

(1) Condition
Unit weight of concrete 2.20 t/m3
Unit weight of soil 1.95 t/m3
Cohesion 0 t/m2
Coefficient of sediment earth pressure 0.5
Coefficient of uplift 1.0
Friction coefficient 0.7
Seismic coefficient 0.1

(2) External force acting on the weir

External force acting on the weir are as follows
- Dead load (W)
- Hydraulic pressure (P)
Force of hydraulic pressure are different between complete overflow
and submerged overflow. Therefore flow type must be considered at
first.
- Uplift pressure (U)
- Earth pressure (sediment pressure) (Pe)
Height of sedimentation are set as from original river bed to crest.
- Seismic force (F)
Refer to following figure.

External force act on weir (Flood condition)

P
P'

Pe P P'
W

P P

0
U

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 U

P' shows that hydraulic pressure acting on weir when flow type is submerged.

External force act on weir (Normal condition with earthquake)

Pe
W, F

P
P

0
U

(3) Calculation of external force acting on the weir (see annex 2)

1) Flood condition
Force Moment
Item
Vertical Horizontal
Dead load -96.71 - -490.60 -
Hydraulic pressure -35.46 24.07 -128.61 104.91
Uplift pressure 83.47 - 402.89 -
Sediment pressure - 1.04 - 7.00
Seismic force - - - -
Total -48.70 25.11 -216.32 111.91
Total (without uplift) -132.17 25.11 -619.21 111.91

2) Normal condition (with earthquake)

Force Moment
Item
Vertical Horizontal
Dead load -96.71 - -490.60 -
Hydraulic pressure -6.45 22.78 -29.04 77.90
Uplift pressure 47.99 - 227.86 -
Sediment pressure - 1.04 - 7.00
Seismic force - 19.36 - 81.21
Total -55.17 43.18 -291.78 166.11
Total (without uplift) -103.16 43.18 -519.64 166.11

3) Normal condition
Force Moment
Item

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 Item
Vertical Horizontal
Dead load -96.71 - -490.60 -
Hydraulic pressure -6.45 22.78 -29.04 77.90
Uplift pressure 47.99 - 227.86 -
Sediment pressure - 1.04 - 7.00
Seismic force - - - -
Total -55.17 23.82 -291.78 84.90
Total (without uplift) -103.16 23.82 -519.64 84.90

(4) Stability analysis

Stability are confirmed following condition
Extreme condition
Case 1-1 Flood condition with uplift pressure
Case 1-2 Flood condition without uplift pressure
Case 2-1 Normal condition with earthquake and uplift pressure
Case 2-2 Normal condition with earthquake and without uplift pressure
Normal condition
Case 3-1 Normal condition with uplift pressure
Case 3-2 Normal condition without uplift pressure
Computation of the uplift pressure are often difficult, therefore two (2) case
such as with and without are confirmed as above. Therefore stability analysis
are calculated six (6) conditions.

1) Analysis on overturning
The eccentric distance must be satisfied following condition.

e = |ΣM　/ ΣV - l/2|
e =< l / 6 (normal), l / 3 (earthquake)
Where e is eccentric distance (m)
l is length of the base (m)

Case Remarks
1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2
ΣM -104.41 -507.30 -125.67 -353.53 -206.88 -434.74
ΣV -48.70 -132.17 -55.17 -103.16 -55.17 -103.16
l 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20
l/2 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10
e= |ΣM　/ ΣV - l/2| 2.96 1.26 2.82 1.67 1.35 0.89
l/6 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70
l/3 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.40
e =< l / 6 Ok Ok
e =< l / 3 Ok Ok Ok Ok

2) Analysis on sliding
The following condition must be satisfied against sliding.

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 SL = (ΣV　/ ΣH) x f > 1.5(normal), 1.2(earthquake)
Where f is coefficient of friction against ground

Case Remarks
1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 2-2
ΣV 48.70 132.17 55.17 103.16 55.17 103.16
ΣH 25.11 25.11 43.18 43.18 23.82 23.82
f= 0.7 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
ΣV　/ ΣH 1.94 5.26 1.28 2.39 2.32 4.33
(ΣV　/ ΣH) x f 1.36 3.68 0.89 1.67 1.62 3.03
SL 1.5 OK OK
1.2 OK OK check OK

3) Analysis on settlement
The compressive strength at the bottom is obtained from the formula and it must
be within the bearing capacity of the foundation.
p = ΣV　/ l (1+ 6e / l )
Where p is compressive strength caused at the both end of the bottom (t/m 2)

Case Remarks
1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2
ΣV -48.70 -132.17 -55.17 -103.16 -55.17 -103.16
l 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20
e 2.96 1.26 2.82 1.67 1.35 0.89
(1+6e/l) 2.74 1.74 2.66 1.98 1.79 1.52
(1-6e/l) -0.74 0.26 -0.66 0.02 0.21 0.48
p= ΣV　/ A (1+ 6e / l ) -13.08 -22.58 -14.39 -20.07 -9.70 -15.38

The bearing capacity of foundation is obtained from following formula.

qu = a c Nc + r z Nq + b r B Nr
where qu is ultimate bearing capacity in t/m2
c is cohesion, cohesive stress in t/m2
Nc, Nq and Nr are bearing capacity factors
r is unit weight of soil in t/m2
B is width of strip footing in m
a and b are dimensionless factors
z is depth of foundation below surface

Item Remarks
a 1 KP-6, table 2.5, p13
b 0.5 KP-6, table 2.5, p13
c 0.00 Result of soil investigation
r 1.95 Result of soil investigation
z 2.00

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 B 10.20
Nc 16.0 KP-6, figure 2.3, p14
Nq 6.0 KP-6, figure 2.3, p14
Nr 4.5 KP-6, figure 2.3, p14
qu 68.15 from above formula
1/3 qu 22.72 safety factor is 3.0
1/2 qu 34.08 safety factor is 2.0

Therefore settlement are confirmed against bearing capacity as follows.

Case Remarks
1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2
p= ΣV　/ A (1+ 6e / l ) 13.08 22.58 14.39 20.07 9.70 15.38
1/3 qu 22.72 22.72 22.72 22.72 22.72 22.72
1/2 qu 34.08 34.08 34.08 34.08 34.08 34.08
1/3 qu > P OK OK
1/2 qu > P OK OK OK OK

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3.5.2 Correction of trapezoidal section

(1) Edge of upstream weir crest and down stream face

The down stream face is to design according to following formula.

Y / hd = 1 / k ( X / hd )n
where X and Y are coordinates of the down stream face
hd is the design head over the crest
K and n value are parameters
slope of upstream face K n
vertical 2.000 1.850
1 to 0.33 1.936 1.836
1 to 0.67 1.939 1.810
1 to 1.00 1.873 1.776

Therefore shapes of crested are shown in following figure. (this case,

upstream slope is 1:1.00.)

H1 hd
0.119 X1.776 = 1.873 hd0.776Y
hd x
Intersection point
(X1,Y1)
1:m
r=0.45h
1:1.00 d y R =3.45 m

From the hydraulically analysis

Hd= 2.90 m
Therefore
r= 0.45 hd = 1.305 m Therefore 1.31 m
X1= 0.119 hd = 0.345 m 0.35 m
X1.776 = 1.873 x hd0.776 Y
= 4.279 Y
Therefore
Y= 0.2337 X1.776
A point of intersection (X1,Y1) are found as follows.
Downstream slope (m) m= 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0)
0.2337 x 1.776 X 1.776-1 = 1/0.9
0.4151 X0.776 = 1.1111
Therefore
X1 = 3.557
Y1 = 2.225

(2) Bucket

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 Radius of bucket are defined t be from 1/2 to 1/3 of the weir height. (refer to
Engineering Manual for Irrigation and Drainage)
Therefore
Radius = 6.9 / 2 = 3.45 m
6.9 / 3 = 2.30 m
The minimum allowable bucket radius (Rmin) is given in figure 4.22 (Kp-02) as
function of dH/hc and Rmin/hc.
hc = (q2 /g) 1/3
where hc is critical water depth (m)
q is discharge per unit width (m3/s/m)
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
Therefore
hc = (132/9.8)1/3
= 2.58
Therefore
dH / hc 3.4 / 2.58
= 1.3178 when dH/hc=1.32, Rmin/hc is found 1.55 from fig.
Therefore
Rmin = 1.55 x 2.58
3.999 (m)

3.5.3 Apron

(1) Downstream apron

1) Basin length
The basin length Lj is obtained below formula,
Lj = 5 ( n + y2)
where Lj is length of basin (m)
n is height of end sill (m)
y2 is water depth above sill (m)

Therefore
Lj = 5 x( 1 + 4.77 )
= 28.85 m

The baffle-block type is used for this project. Therefore the length L of the basin
can be found from
Lj= 2 yu { ( 1 + 8 Fru2 )0.5 -1} (The USBR type IV, Froude number between 2.5 to 4.5)
where yu is water depth at start of jum 1.18 see annex 4
Fru is froude number 3.19
Therefore minimum length of down stream apron is,
Lj= 19.064 m

2) Thickness

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 The thickness of the stilling basin flow is calculated as follows.
dx > S x (Px - Wx ) / r
dx is thickness of floor at x (m)
Px is uplift pressure at point x (kg / m 2)
Wx is water depth at point x (m)
r is unit density of material (kg / m 3)
S is safety factor
1.5 for normal condition
1.25 for extreme condition

I II III

The minimum thickness at the section of I-I and II-II are found from above
formula (detailed calculation for Px is shown in annex 4)
Condition Section S Px Wx r dx
Normal I 1.5 5.3 1 2.2 2.93
II 4.1 1 2.2 2.11
III 3 1 2.2 1.36
Flood I 1.25 8.7 4.7 2.2 2.27
II 7.6 4.7 2.2 1.65
III 6.5 4.7 2.2 1.02
The minimum thickness I section 2.93 m
II section 2.11 m
III section 1.36 m

(2) Upstream apron

The upstream apron is to prevent scouring of the riverbed by vertical flow due
to the overflow water. Normally the thickness is made about 1/2 to 1/3 of that of
the down stream apron.

3.5.4 Creep length

The creep length to be ensured can be calculated by following two methods.

Bligh's method
L > C dH
where L is length of creep length measured along the foundation face of weir (m)
C is coefficient mention above
dH is maximum head difference at upstream and downstream sides (m)

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Lane's method
L' > C' dH
where L' is length of weighted creep length
L'= Σ lv + 1/3 Σ lh
lv is creep length of vertical direction (inclination of more than 45 degrees)
lh is creep length of horizontal direction (inclination below 45 degree)
C' is coefficient which varies by the type of ground
dH is maximum difference between water heads (m)

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 Table 1 Coefficient for Bligh's method and for Lane's method
Foundation Bligh's Lan's
Silty sand or clay 18 8.50
Fine sand 15 7.00
Medium sand - 6.00
Coarse sand 12 5.00
Gravel - 4.00
Coarse gravel - 3.50
Sandy gravel 9 -
Cobble stone with gravel - 3.00
Rock with Cobblestone and gravel - 2.50
Rock with gravel and sand 4 to 6 -
Soft clay - 3.00
Medium clay - 2.00
heavy clay - 1.80
Hard clay - 1.60

Result of calculation are shown in below table, and detail are attached annex 3.

Bligh's method Lane's method Remarks

C dH L C dH L'
Without sheet pile 6 3.4 20.4 6 3.4 20.4
With sheet pile 13.5 3.4 45.9 13.5 3.4 45.9

3.5.5 Riprap
(1) Length of riprap (by Brigh's formula)
Length of riprap are found by following Brigh's formula.
L= Lb - la
Lb = 0.67 C ( Ha q f)0.5
Where L is riprap length (m)
Lb is total length of protection including length of apron
Ha is height from above water level of downstream side to weir
crest in dry season (m)
q is flow per unit width of design flood discharge (m3/sec/m)
q= 1950m3/s / 150 m = 13
f is safety factor, 1.0 in case of fixed weir, 1.5 in case of movable weir
C is Bligh's coefficient
Therefore
Lb = 0.67 x 13.5 x ( 3.4 x 13 x 1.0) ^0.5
= 60 m
L= 60 - 20 = 40 m

(2) Length of riprap (by flow type)

1) Flow situation
Hydraulic jump basins are found as following.

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 The velocity (v1) at the start of the jump are found from:
V1 = (2g (1/2 H1) +Z )0.5
where V1 is velocity at start of jump (m/s)
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
H1 is energy head above crest (m)
Z is drop height (m)
The formula for the conjugate depth in a hydraulic jump:
y2 / yu = 1/2 ((1+8Fr2)-1)0.5 in which Fr = V1 / (gyu)0.5
where y2 is water depth above end sill (m)
yu is water depth at start of jump (m)
Fr is Froude number
V1 is velocity at start of jump (m/s)
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)

EL1
H1 H2
Z+0.5H1 EL3
EL2

Z y2 y3
y1 V1

Each value for different return period are shown below table. (detailed
calculation are shown in Annex 4)

Return period (year)

Remarks
5 10 25 50 100
Fr 4.12 3.87 3.60 3.38 3.19
y1 0.64 0.74 0.88 1.02 1.18
y2 3.42 3.70 4.07 4.40 4.77
y3 3.88 4.16 4.49 4.75 5.15
y2/y1 5.34 5.00 4.62 4.31 4.04
EL1 (m) 15.54 15.72 15.97 16.20 16.45
EL2 (m) 12.92 13.20 13.57 13.90 14.27
EL3 (m) 13.38 13.66 13.99 14.25 14.65

Therefore flow type are type B which dose not occur lowering of bedlevel.

2) Length of rip rap

The range of three point five (3.5) times the downstream water depth at the time
of the maximum inflow, this situation is provided with riprap. However, the
length of riprap referred to herein includes the horizontal portion of apron.
Therefore
L = 5.15 x 3.5 = 18.025 m

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3) Size of riprap block
The size of block is desirable to satisfy the formula below.
W > 3.75 A v2 / 2g
Where W is weight of each block (t)
A is area of collision with flowing water (m 2)
v is velocity at which flowing water collides with block (m/s)
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)

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 4) Height of end shill
The height of endshill are found from figure. 4.18 (kp-2).
n/y1 =1/2 are found
here n is height of endsill (m)
y1 is water depth at start of jump (m)
Therefore
n = 1.18 x 1/2 = 0.59 m

3.5.6 Dimension of design

Dimension such as creep length, apron thickness, etc. for weir are calculated as
mention above. Result of calculation and value for design are mentioned as
below table.
Item Calculation Design Remarks
Radius of bucket (m) Rmin 3.99 4.2 see 3.5.2
2.3 to 3.45

Down stream apron

Length (m) 19.06 20 see 3.5.3
Thickness (m) I-I 2.93 2.5 see 3.5.3
II - II 2.11 2.00
III-III 1.36 1.50
Upstream apron (m)
Thickness (m) 0.5 to 0.75 0.5 see 3.5.3
Length (m) 6
Creep length
Brigh's method Ok see 3.5.4
Lane's method Ok
Height of end sill (m) 0.59 1 see 3.5.4
Riprap (m)
Brigh's method 40 see 3.5.5
Type of flow 18 1)
6
1)
including length of downstream apron.

3.5.7 Scouring sluice

(1) Height of the guide wall

The height of the guide wall H required to form a channel for scouring sluice is
made 1.5hc at the point of intake. The critical water depth and flow per unit
width can be given by the below formula.
hc = 20 dl / g
where dl is maximum grain size of riverbed material (m)
Therefore
hc= 20 x 0.3 / 9.8
= 0.6122
The height of the guide wall H is found as below.
H = 1.5 x 0.61 = 0.915 m

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(2) Stability analysis of scouring sluice
1) Load condition
Loads acting on the scouring sluice are assumed as follows.

P4 P4 P4 P4

1/2H
P2
FP2
P1 H
FW
P2' 1/2H
W FP2'
P3
P2'
FP2'

Here P1 is active load in case of necessary

P2 is earth pressure
P2' is earth pressure below water level
P3 is water pressure
P4 is axial force (operation bridge)
W is dead load
F is earthquake force

Analysis are carried out following four cases.

Case 1 Normal P1+P2+P2'+P3+P4+W
Case 2 Normal without axial force P1+P2+P2'+P3+W
Case 3 Earthquake P2+PF2+P2'+PF2'+P3+PF3+P4+W+FW
Case 4 Earthquake without axial force P2+PF2+P2'+PF2'+P3+PF3+W+FW

2) Stability analysis (detail calculation are shown in Annex 5)

Following item are examined for above four (4) cases.
- Safeness against overturning
- Safeness against sliding
- Safeness against settlement

3) Structural analysis
- Scouring Sluice

- Operating bridge

4) Transition and abutment

Abutments connect the weir with the banks of the river and with the flood dikes.
They should guide the water smoothly along there faces and cause no
turbulence. The dimensions recommended for abutment and transition are
depending on figure 4.14 (Kp-2).

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3.6 Inlet

(1) Required discharge

Required discharge at inlet is estimated from calculation of water balance and
result is follows.
Q0 = 25.11 m3/s
Capacity of intake should be at least 120% of the requirement. Therefore
Q = 25.11 x 120% = 30.13 m3/s ○

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(2) Flow discharge
1) Intake velocity
With entrance velocity of 1.0 to 2.0 m/s which are normal design values, it may
be expected that grains of 0.01 to 0.04m can enter.

2) Flow discharge at inlet

The intake sluice can be design with:
Q = μb a (2gz)0.5
where Q is discharge (m3/s)
μ is discharge coefficient for submerged opening with small head-loss (= 0.80)
b is width of opening (m)
a is height of opening (m)
g is acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
z is head loss over opening (m) (0.15 to 0.30)
Then
30.13 = 0.8 x b a (2 x 9.8 x 0.25)0.5
Therefore
b a = 17.014 m2
One gate width is assumed as 2.5m, and number of gate is assumed 4, then
b a = 2.5 x 4 x a = 17.014 m2
Therefore
a = 1.701 m v=Q/ba= 1.77 m /s

(3) Water level calculation

Following head losses is considered
- inflow
- gaps of base elevation
- pier
- screen
- friction
- abrupt or gradual increase in section area
- abrupt or gradual decrease in section area

(4) Water level calculation

Water level calculation for intake included setting basin are carried out as
follows. The detailed calculation are shown in Annex 6.

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 energy energy Water Bottom
No Discharge Distance item V2/2g W.L. Remarks
loss E.L. depth E.L.

m3/s m (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)

1 12.555 inflow 49.400 0.000 49.400 2.350 46.300

0.062
2 12.555 pier 49.338 0.123 49.215 1.615 47.600
0.087
3 12.555 10 friction and curvature 49.251 0.141 49.110 1.510 47.600
0.007
4 12.555 15 gradual increase 49.244 0.143 49.101 1.501 47.600
0.161
5 12.555 drop 49.083 0.029 49.054 1.464 47.590
0.006
6 12.555 150 friction 49.077 0.007 49.070 3.070 46.000
0.003
7 12.555 beginning point for ca 49.074 0.004 49.070 4.170 44.900
total 0.326

(5) Structural calculation

1) Feedercanal

3.7 Related structure

3.7.1 Setting basin

(1) Sediment volume
Volume and size for settling are assumed s follows. (KP-2.)
Volume of suspended material of the water flowing through the trap :
0.05 %
Grain size for settling :
0.07 m
Flushing interval :
1 per a week
Therefore necessity volume Q is as below.
Q= 25.11 x 0.00050 x 7 x 24 x 3600 / 1 = 7,593 m3

(2) Length and width

The dimensions L (length) and B (width) of sediment trap is fond below formula.
H/w= L/v with v = Q / HB
where H is depth of canal flow (m)
w is fall velocity of sediment particle (m/s)
L is length of sediment trap
v is flow velocity of water (m/s)
Q is canal discharge (m3/s)

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 B is width of sediment trap (m)
This gives
LB = Q / w
The fall velocity w for grain size 0.07m is 0.004m/s from figure 7.4 (KP-2).
Therefore
LB = 25.11 / 0.004 = 6,278 m2
Because of L / B > 8, L and B are found as below.
L= 270 m
B = 23.25 m
Then L / B = 11.613 > 8
L x B = 6,278 m2

(3) Water depth and slope

Flow velocity (Vn) should be higher than 0.3 m/s to avoid growth of vegetation.
Here 0.4m/s are adapted. Therefore water depth are calculated as below.
An = Qn / Vn
= 25.11 / 0.40 = 62.78 m2
Now cross section are considered as following figure.

hn =2.700 m

23.25 m from "(2) Length and width"

Therefore water depth (hn) is found as follows.
hn = An / B = 62.78 / 23.25 = 2.700 m
Now velocity is calculated from below.
V = K x R2/3 x I1/2
where K is roughness coefficient (= 50)
R=A/S= 2.70 x 23.25 / ( 2.70 x 2 + 23.25 ) = 2.191 m
Therefore
0.4 = 50 x 2.1912/3 x I1/2 Then I = (0.4 / 50 x 2.1912/3 )2
= 0.000022
(minimum slopes to avoid vegetation)
(4) Flow velocity for flushing
Average velocity during flushing for preliminary computation is assumed as below.
2.0 m/s for gravel and coarse sand
The flushing discharge is taken 20% larger than the normal discharge. Therefore
Q = 25.11 x 120% = 30.132 m3/s
Then flow area is
A = Q / V = 30.132 / 2.0 = 15.07 m2
Here, canal width is assumed as above, therefore
h = 15.07 / 23.25 = 0.65 m
Now velocity is calculated from below.

Main 21/60
 V = K x R2/3 x I1/2
Here R = A / S = 15.07 / ( 23.25 + 0.65 x 2 ) = 0.61 m
k = 25 (because of sedimentation, value for natural canal is assumed)
Then
2.0 = 25 x 0.652/3 x I251/2 Then I = (1.5 / 25 x 0.652/3 )2
= ###
(minimum slop ness for flushing)
Velocity should remain below the critical velocity. Therefore this flow must be
confirmed whether critical flow or not.
Fr = V / ( g x h )0.5 = 0.7924 < 1 OK
Although, it is necessary to confirm type of flow, when coefficient is K=40.
Q = A V = A x K x R2/3 x I1/2
Here Area ( A ) is 23.25 m x 0.594 m = 13.811 m2
K is 40
R is 13.811 / ( 23.250 + 0.594 x 2 ) = 0.565
I is 0.006394
Therefore
V = 40 x 0.565 ^(2/3) x 0.006394 ^(1/2) = 2.186 m/s
Q = 2.186 x 13.811 = 30.191 m3/s
Then
Fr = V / ( g x h )0.5 = 0.906 < 1 OK

(5) Sediment trap capacity

Each dimension for sediment trap are illustrated as below figure.

2.700 m 2.700 m
ia = 0.000022

0.350 m 0.350 m

ib = 0.006394 1.720 m

270 m 23.25 m
h1 = 0.35 m
V = 0.35 x 270.00 x 23.25 + 0.5 x (0.006394 - 0.000022 ) x 270.00 x 270.00 x 23.25
= 7597 m3 > ,OK 7,593 m3 (necessity volume)

3.7.2 Retaining wall

(1) Protection of transition and dike

Main 22/60
 The retaining wall is divided into 2 parts and is constructed for protection of
transition and dike as follows.

Riverbed protection Apron protection Riverbed protection

10m 15m

5m 5m
Riprap Apron Apron Riprap

The upstream edge of protection should be the upper end compared both. (see above fig.)
The downstream edge of protection should be the lower end compared both.

(2) Structural and stability analysis

1) Dimension
Following four type are planed as retaining wall.

Dimension (m)
H1 H2 H3 B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 Remarks
No1 9.600 1.000 2.000 6.000 2.000 1.000 3.000 0.300
No2 1.000 1.000 1.000 9.000 3.300 1.000 2.000 0.400
No3 11.000 1.000 1.000 9.000 3.000 1.000 3.000 0.400
No4 12.000 1.000 1.000 9.000 3.000 1.000 4.000 0.400

B4

H1

B1 B2 B3

H2 H3

B0
2) Load condition

Main 23/60
Force acting on the retaining wall are shown in below figure.
Case (q')
Case 1(q)

1/2 H

1/2 H

Normal water level

Main 24/60
 Ground water level:
Height of ground water is considered as 1/2 of difference between normal
water level and top of wall.
Live load :
Live load for No.2 and No. 4 are considered because of inspection road. 0.5
t/m2 are considered for inspection vehicle. Loading place are considered two
case shown in above figure q1 and q2.
Passive earth pressure
Passive earth pressure is not considered for this case.

3) Soil condition of foundation and backfilling

Backfilling and foundation for retaining wall are as follows.

Back filling
Type Sand from soil investigation report page ***
Unit weight 1.8 m /s 3

Friction angle 30 o

cohesion 0 t/m2
Foundation
Type Sand from soil investigation report page ****
N value N = 30
Bearing capacity 30 t/m2 see Annex 7
friction factor 0.6 t/m2

4) Stability analysis (detailed calculation is attached annex 7)

Stability and structural analysis are carried out following case for each structure.
case 1 Normal condition + Live load q
case 2 Normal condition + Live load q'
case 3 Normal condition + earthquake without live load

Result of stability analysis are as follows.

Overturning Sliding Settlement
No.1
case 1
case 2
case 3
No.2
case 1
case 2
case 3
No.3
case 1
case 2
case 3
No.4

Main 25/60
 case 1
case 2
case 3

5) Structural analysis (detail calculation is attached annex 7)

Structural analysis is also carried out for three case mentioned above for three
section such as I-I, II-II and III-III..

II III

I I

II III
As result, size and interval of reinforcement bar for tension are as follows.
size interval As As' Remarks
No 1 1
2
3
1
No 2 1
2
3
No 3 1
2
3
No 4 1
2
2
3
3

Main 26/60
3.7.3 Flood dike

(1) Freeboard
For creating extra safety, 0.25 m above the elevation of the abutments of the
weir is taken as freeboard.

(2) Cross section

1) Top of width
Top of width is at least 3.0m. If the top of the embankment has carry a road the
width should be increased according to the requirement.
For this project site, top of the embankment is planed as 5m for consideration as
inspection road.

2) Side slopes (detailed calculation are shown in annex 8)

Side slopes are decided with calculation of stability analyses. The cross section
are planed as follows considering with top width and stability analysis.

5m Safety factor =

1:2.0 1:2.5

3.8 Construction plan

Main 27/60
Main 28/60
Main 29/60
Main 30/60
head-loss (= 0.80)

Main 31/60
Main 32/60
oth. (see above fig.)

Main 33/60
 Annex 1 (34/60)

Annex 1 Overflow discharge

The head-discharge equation for a short crest weir with rectangulear contraol section reads.

Q = Cd x 2/3 (2/3 g)0.5 b H 1.5

Where Q is discharge in m3/s
Cd is discharge coefficient (Cd = C0 x C1 x C2)
g is acceleration of gravity in m/s2 (=9.8)
b is length of crest in m
H is energy head above crest in m

Discharge is depend on crest type such as cylinder type and ogee type. Therefore discharge
is found according to the crest type as follows.

Crest type Cylider type Ogee type

Radius Masonry Concrete

Check 0.3 to 0.7 times H1 0.1 to 0.7 times H1

C0 P/H1>1.5 from fig. 4.5 C0=1.3(constant)

P/H1<1.5 from fig. 4.5

C1 P/H1>1.5 C1=1 from fig. 4.10

P/H1<1.5 from fig. 4.6

C2 from fig. 4.7 from fig. 4.7

f from fig. 4.8 from fig. 4.11

reduction factor

Cd P/H1>1.5 Cd=Co x 1 x C2 x F Cd=1.3 x C1 x C2 x F

P/H1<1.5 Cd=Co x C1 x C2 x F

(1) Coefficient for each factor from C0 to C1

Rating curve for each factor are found as follows.
1) Cylinder type

C0 = 0.1816 Ln (H1/r) + 1.1879 H1/r > 5, C0 = 1.49

C1 = 0.0851 Ln (p/H) + 0.9704 p/H > 1.5, C1 = 0.99
C2 = -0.0218 Ln (p/H) + 0.999 slop 1:1
-0.0126 Ln (p/H) +1.0068 1:0.67
-0.0044 Ln (p/H) +1.0024 1:0.33
f= -4.5325 (H2/H1)4 + 6.1269 (H2/H1)3 -2.7933(H2/H1)2 + 0.3383 (H2/H1) +1
H2/H1 < 0.3, f = 1
2) Ogee type
Co = 1.3 constant

556987790.xlsannex 1
 Annex 1 (35/60)

C1 = -0.192 (H1/hd)2 + 0.49 (H1/hd) +0.7 p/hd>1.33

-0.1856 (H1/hd)2 + 0.4765 (H1/hd) +0.7
p/hd=1.00
-0.1917 (H1/hd)2 + 0.4705 (H1/hd) +0.7
p/hd=0.67
-0.1806 (H1/hd) + 0.4499 (H1/hd) +0.7
2
p/hd=0.33
-0.174 (H1/hd) + 0.4279 (H1/hd) +0.7
2
p/hd=0.20
C2 same as cylinder type

(2) Rating curve

1) Cylinder type
C0 (from figure 4.5)

H1/ r 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4 5

Co 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.26 1.32 1.41 1.46 1.47

1.60

1.50
f(x) = 0.181605257446127 ln(x) + 1.18791559586172
1.40

1.30

1.20
Co

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70
0 1 2 3 4ratio H1/r
5 6

C1 (from figure 4.6)

p/ H 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.5
C1 0.77 0.83 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99

1.05

1.00
f(x) = 0.085071307415435 ln(x) + 0.970399424615561

0.95

0.90
C1

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
p/H0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

556987790.xlsannex 1
C
0.85

0.80
Annex 1 (36/60)
0.75

0.70
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
p/H0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

556987790.xlsannex 1
 Annex 1 (37/60)

C2 (from figure 4.7)

p/ H 0.16 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
(1:1) 1.040 1.036 1.026 1.018 1.012 1.008 1.006 1.003 1.000 0.998 0.997 0.996 0.995 0.993 0.992
(1:0.67) 1.028 1.027 1.022 1.019 1.017 1.014 1.012 1.009 1.008 1.007 1.006 1.005 1.003 1.002 1.000
(1:0.33) 1.010 1.009 1.008 1.007 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.004 1.003 1.003 1.002 1.002 1.001 1.001 1.000

1.050

1.040
f(x) = − 0.021774219194115 ln(x) + 0.999044261639584
1.030
f(x) = − 0.012561588786755 ln(x) + 1.00676675070815
1.020

1.010
f(x) = − 0.004440428140449 ln(x) + 1.00244031816344
C2

1.000

0.990

0.980

0.970

0.960
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
p/H

Reduction factor (figure 4.8)

H2/H1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95
f 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.87 0.77 0.55 0.35

1.20

1.00
f(x) = − 4.53250036057 x⁴ + 6.12687444562 x³ − 2.7932652553 x² + 0.3383290507 x + 1

0.80

0.60
f

0.40

0.20

0.00
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4H2/H1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

556987790.xlsannex 1
 Annex 2(38/60)

Annex 2
Dead Load 10.20
2.00 2.00 2.25 3.95

2.50 2.50
1 2 3

1.90 4 5 1.90
0.10 6 0.10
1.00 7 8 9 10 2.00
2.90 11 12 1.90

1.50 2.10 1.50 2.10

0.90 1.20 0.90

Unit weight: 2.20 t/m3

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 2.00 x 2.50 / 2 x 2.20 = 5.50 8.20 + 2.00 / 3 = 8.87 48.79 v
2 2.00 x 2.50 x 2.20 = 11.00 6.20 + 2.00 / 2 = 7.20 79.20 v
3 2.25 x 2.50 / 2 x 2.20 = 6.19 3.95 + 2.25 x 2 / 3 = 5.45 33.74 v
4 6.25 x 2.50 x 2.20 = 26.13 3.95 + 6.25 / 2 = 7.08 185.00 v
5 3.95 x 1.90 / 2 x 2.20 = 8.26 3.95 x2 / 3 = 2.63 21.72 v
6 5.70 x 0.10 x 2.20 = 1.25 4.50 + 5.70 / 2 = 7.35 9.19 v
7 1.50 x 1.00 x 2.20 = 3.30 8.70 + 1.50 / 2 = 9.45 31.19 v
8 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 x 2.20 = 0.99 7.80 + 0.90 x 2 / 3 = 8.40 8.32 v
9 1.20 x 1.00 / 2 x 2.20 = 2.64 4.50 + 1.20 / 3 = 4.90 12.94 v
10 2.40 x 2.10 x 2.20 = 11.09 2.10 + 2.40 / 2 = 3.30 36.60 v
11 0.90 x 1.90 / 2 x 2.20 = 1.88 2.10 + 0.90 / 3 = 2.40 4.51 v
12 2.10 x 4.00 x 2.20 = 18.48 2.10 / 2 = 1.05 19.40 v
Total 96.71 490.60 v

38/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(39/60)

Hydraulic pressure (Flood condition)

2.00 2.00 2.25 3.95 !', 2', 10':
### due to submerge weir

0.29
### 14.55
3.19 2.90 1 1'
2' 2 13.90 0.65
5 6 7
2.50 10' 2.50
8.40 8 8.40 9.05
9
1.90
3 4
5.90 10
4.00

Judgement of flow h2 = 0.65 m 9.05

2/3 (h1 +v12/2g)= 2.13 m Therefore complete overflow

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 4.00 x 2.90 / 2 = 5.80 6.20 + 4.00 x 2 / 3 = 8.87 51.45 v
2 6.20 x 0.65 /2 = 2.02 6.20 / 3 = 2.07 4.18 v
3 8.40 x 8.40 / 2 = 35.28 8.40 / 3 = 2.80 98.78 h
4 3.19 x 8.40 = 26.80 8.40 / 2 = 4.20 112.56 h
5 2.00 x 2.50 / 2 = 2.50 8.20 +2.00 x 2 / 3 = 9.53 23.83 v
6 2.25 x 2.50 = 2.81 3.95 + 2.25 / 3 = 4.70 13.21 v
7 3.95 x 2.50 / 2 = 4.94 3.95 x 2 / 3 = 2.63 12.99 v
8 3.95 x 2.50 / 2 = 9.88 3.95 / 3 = 1.32 13.04 v
9 3.95 x 1.90 / 2 = 7.51 3.95 / 3 = 1.32 9.91 v
10 9.05 x 8.40 / 2 = -38.01 8.40 / 3 = 2.80 -106.43 h
1' 4.00 x 0.65 / 2 = 0.00 6.20 + 4.00 x / 3 = 7.53 0.00 v Sub
2' 6.20 x 0.65 /2 = 0.00 6.20 x 2 / 3 = 4.13 0.00 v Sub
10' 0.65 x 8.40 / 2 = 0.00 8.40 x 2 / 3 = 5.60 0.00 h Sub

Total V 35.46 128.61

H 24.07 104.91

39/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(40/60)

Hydraulic pressure (Normal condition)

2.00 2.00 2.25 3.95

### 13.90
2
2.50 3.40
8.40 10.50 8.40 8.40
3
1.00
5.90 1
4 4.00

5.00

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 8.40 x 8.40 / 2 = 35.28 8.40 / 3 = 2.80 98.78 h
2 2.00 x 2.50 / 2 = 2.50 8.20 +2.00 x 2 / 3 = 9.53 23.83 v
3 3.95 x 1.00 / 2 = 3.95 3.95 / 3 = 1.32 5.21 v
4 5.00 x 5.00 / 2 = -12.50 5.00 / 3 = 1.67 -20.88 h

Total V 6.45 29.04

H 22.78 77.90

40/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(41/60)

Uplift pressure (Flood condition)

Px = Hx - Lx/L dH
No. length (m) Px
2.25 1 0.00 0.00 5.40
2 3.00 3.00 8.10
3 1.50 4.50 7.95
5.40 4 1.35 5.85 6.81
5.05 5 2.10 7.95 6.60
1
6 2.33 10.28 8.36
2.00 10 7 1.50 11.78 8.21
5.90 1.00 4 5 8 4.42 16.20 9.67
1.00 6 7 4.00 9 2.10 18.30 9.45
1.90 2 3 8 10 4.00 22.30 5.05
9
total 22.30
1.50 0.90 2.10 1.20 1.50 0.90 2.10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10 11
9 6.60 12 8.21
8 6.81 8.36 13 14
7.95 9.67 9.45
8.10 Coefficient for uplift : 1.00

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 7.95 x 1.50 x 1.00 = 11.93 8.70 + 1.50 / 2 = 9.45 112.74 v
2 6.81 x 0.90 x 1.00 = 6.13 7.80 + 0.90 / 2 = 8.25 50.57 v
3 6.60 x 2.10 x 1.00 = 13.86 5.70 + 2.10 / 2 = 6.75 93.56 v
4 6.60 x 1.20 x 1.00 = 7.92 4.50 + 1.20 / 2 = 5.10 40.39 v
5 8.21 x 1.50 x 1.00 = 12.32 3.00 + 1.50 / 2 = 3.75 46.20 v
6 8.21 x 0.90 x 1.00 = 7.39 2.10 + 0.90 / 2 = 2.55 18.84 v
7 9.45 x 2.10 x 1.00 = 19.85 2.10 / 2 = 1.05 20.84 v
8 0.15 x 1.50 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.11 8.70 + 1.50 x 2 / 3 = 9.70 1.07 v
9 1.14 x 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 = 1.03 7.80 + 0.90 x 2 / 3 = 7.80 8.03 v
10 0.21 x 2.10 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.22 5.70 + 2.10 x 2 / 3 = 7.10 1.56 v
11 1.76 x 1.20 x 1.00 / 2 = 1.06 4.50 + 1.20 / 3 = 4.90 5.19 v
12 0.15 x 1.50 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.11 3.00 + 1.50 x 2 / 3 = 4.00 0.44 v
13 1.46 x 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 = 1.31 2.10 + 0.90 / 3 = 2.40 3.14 v
14 0.22 x 2.10 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.23 2.10 x 2 / 3 = 1.40 0.32 v

Total V 83.47 402.89

41/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(42/60)

Uplift pressure (Normal condition)

Px = Hx - Lx/L dH
No. length (m) Px
1 0.00 0.00 2.50
2 3.00 3.00 4.99
3 1.50 4.50 4.73
2.50 3.40 4 1.35 5.85 3.51
5 2.10 7.95 3.15
1
6 2.33 10.28 4.75
2.00 10 1.00 7 1.50 11.78 4.50
5.90 1.00 4 5 8 2.10 13.88 6.04
1.00 6 7 4.00 9 2.10 15.98 5.68
1.90 2 3 8 10 4.00 19.98 1.00
9
total 19.98
1.50 0.90 2.10 1.20 1.50 0.90 2.10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10 11
9 3.15 12 4.50
8 3.51 4.75 13 14
4.73 6.04 5.68
4.99 Coefficient for uplift : 1.00

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 4.73 x 1.50 x 1.00 = 7.10 8.70 + 1.50 / 2 = 9.45 67.10 v
2 3.51 x 0.90 x 1.00 = 3.16 7.80 + 0.90 / 2 = 8.25 26.07 v
3 3.15 x 2.10 x 1.00 = 6.62 5.70 + 2.10 / 2 = 6.75 44.69 v
4 3.15 x 1.20 x 1.00 = 3.78 4.50 + 1.20 / 2 = 5.10 19.28 v
5 4.50 x 1.50 x 1.00 = 6.75 3.00 + 1.50 / 2 = 3.75 25.31 v
6 4.50 x 0.90 x 1.00 = 4.05 2.10 + 0.90 / 2 = 2.55 10.33 v
7 5.68 x 2.10 x 1.00 = 11.93 2.10 / 2 = 1.05 12.53 v
8 0.26 x 1.50 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.20 8.70 + 1.50 x 2 / 3 = 9.70 1.94 v
9 1.22 x 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 = 1.10 7.80 + 0.90 x 2 / 3 = 7.80 8.58 v
10 0.36 x 2.10 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.38 5.70 + 2.10 x 2 / 3 = 7.10 2.70 v
11 1.60 x 1.20 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.96 4.50 + 1.20 / 3 = 4.90 4.70 v
12 0.25 x 1.50 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.19 3.00 + 1.50 x 2 / 3 = 4.00 0.76 v
13 1.54 x 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 = 1.39 2.10 + 0.90 / 3 = 2.40 3.34 v
14 0.36 x 2.10 x 1.00 / 2 = 0.38 2.10 x 2 / 3 = 1.40 0.53 v

Total V 47.99 227.86

42/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(43/60)

Earth pressure (sedimentation)

2.50 2.50

5.90

Sediment pressure is,

0.167 x H2

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 0.167 x 2.50^2 = 1.04 5.90 + 2.50 / 3 = 6.73 7.00 h

Total 1.04 7.00 h

Seismic force
2.00 2.00 2.25 3.95

2.50 2.50
1 2 3

1.90 4 5 1.90
0.10 6 0.10
1.00 7 8 9 10 2.00
2.90 11 12 1.90

1.50 2.10 1.50 2.10

0.90 1.20 0.90
eismic cefficient = 0.2 I
Unit weoght = 2.20 t/m3 II
I x II = 0.44 t/m3

External force Arm length Moment Remarks

No Caliculation formula Caliculation formula
1 2.00 x 2.50 / 2 x 0.44 = 1.10 5.90 + 2.50 / 3 = 6.73 7.40 h
2 2.00 x 2.50 x 0.44 = 2.20 5.90 + 2.50 / 2 = 7.15 15.73 h
3 2.25 x 2.50 / 2 x 0.44 = 1.24 5.90 + 2.50 / 3 = 6.73 8.35 h
4 6.25 x 2.50 x 0.44 = 5.23 4.00 + 1.90 / 2 = 4.95 25.89 h
5 3.95 x 1.90 / 2 x 0.44 = 1.65 4.00 + 1.90 / 3 = 4.63 7.64 h
6 5.70 x 0.10 x 0.44 = 0.25 3.90 + 0.10 / 2 = 3.95 0.99 h
7 1.50 x 1.00 x 0.44 = 0.66 2.90 + 1.00 / 2 = 3.40 2.24 h
8 0.90 x 1.00 / 2 x 0.44 = 0.20 2.90 + 1.00 x 2 / 3 = 3.57 0.71 h
9 1.20 x 1.00 / 2 x 0.44 = 0.53 1.90 + 2.00 x 2 / 3 = 3.23 1.71 h

43/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 2(44/60)

10 2.40 x 2.10 x 0.44 = 2.22 1.90 + 2.10 / 2 = 2.95 6.55 h

11 0.90 x 1.90 / 2 x 0.44 = 0.38 1.90 x 2 / 3 = 1.27 0.48 h
12 2.10 x 4.00 x 0.44 = 3.70 4.00 / 2 = 0.95 3.52 h
Total 19.36 81.21 h

44/60 556987790.xlsannex 2
 Annex 3 (45/60)
Annex 3
Sub project Spon
Condition
Crest elevation 13.9 m
Flood Upstream Water level 17.0 m
Down stream Water level 14.2 m
Normal Upstream Water level 13.9 m
Down stream Water level 10.5 m

17.0 m
8.6

13.9 m H1 = 2.9 m

5.5
14.2 m 1.00 0.75
H2 = 3.4 m
1
10.5 m
3.0
4 5 1.0
1.0 2 3
2.0 1.5 4.0
11
6 7
2.0 10 1.0 1.5
1.9 1.5
12 13
2' 8 9

1.5 0.9 2.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 2.1 18.5 0.75 0.75

556987790.xlsAnnex 3
 Annex 3 (46/60)
Bligh's ,method and Lane's method
H1<H2 Therefore Normal condition 3.4 m (maximum different head)

(1) Without sheet pile (3) Calculation sheet for creep length
No. Length Vertical Horizontal 1/3 Horizontal Total length Total length Creep length
(1) (2)
I II III IV I III + IV (1)Without sheet pile (2)With sheet pile
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Lane's method Lane's method
3 1.50 1.50 0.50 4.50 3.50 L > C' x dh L > C' x dh
4 1.35 1.35 5.85 4.85 L= 24.79 L= 28.79
5 2.10 2.10 0.70 7.95 5.55 C' x dh = 20.40 C' x dh = 20.40
6 2.33 2.33 10.28 7.88 C' = 6 C' = 6
7 1.50 1.50 0.50 11.78 8.38 Therefore Ok Therefore Ok
8 2.10 2.10 13.88 10.48
9 2.10 2.10 0.70 15.98 11.18 Brigh's method Brigh's method
10 1.50 1.50 17.48 12.68 S > C x dH S > C x dH
11 18.53 18.53 6.18 36.01 18.86 S= 42.44 S= 46.44
12 1.68 1.68 37.69 20.54 C x dh = 45.90 C x dh = 45.90
13 0.75 0.75 0.25 38.44 20.79 C= 13.5 C= 13.5
14 4.00 4.00 0.00 42.44 24.79 Therefore Not Ok Therefore Ok
total 42.44 15.96 26.48 8.83

(2) With sheet pile

No. Length Vertical Horizontal 1/3 Horizontal Total length Total length
(1) (2)
I II III IV I III + IV
1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
2' 4.00 4.00 7.00 7.00
3 1.50 1.50 0.50 8.50 7.50
4 1.35 1.35 9.85 8.85
5 2.10 2.10 0.70 11.95 9.55
6 2.33 2.33 14.28 11.88
7 1.50 1.50 0.50 15.78 12.38
8 2.10 2.10 17.88 14.48
9 2.10 2.10 0.70 19.98 15.18
10 1.50 1.50 21.48 16.68
11 18.53 18.53 6.18 40.01 22.86

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12 1.68 1.68 41.69 24.54
13 0.75 0.75 0.25 42.44 24.79
14 4.00 4.00 0.00 46.44 28.79
total 46.44 19.96 26.48 8.83

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 Annex 4 (48/60)

Annex 4 Sub project Spon

Condition
17.0 m Crest elevation 13.9 m
8.6 Flood Upstream Water level 17.0 m
Down stream Water level 14.2 m
Normal Upstream Water level 13.9 m
Down stream Water level 10.5 m
13.9 m H1 = 2.9 m

5.5
14.2 m 1.00 0.75
H2 = 3.4 m
1 10.5 m
14
3.0
4 5 1.0
1.0 2 3
2.0 1.5 4.0
11
6 7 10'
2.0 10 1.0 1.5
1.9 1.5
12 13
2' 8 9
9.3

1.5 0.9 2.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 2.1 18.5 0.75 0.75
Uplift pressure No Length(m) Normal Flood
Px = Hx - Lx / L dH Hx Px Hx Px
1 0 0.00 2.5 2.5 5.6 5.6
2 3.00 3.00 5.5 5.3 8.6 8.4
3 5.50 8.50 5.5 4.9 8.6 8.1
4 1.35 9.85 4.5 3.8 7.6 7.0
5 2.10 11.95 4.5 3.6 7.6 6.9
6 2.33 14.28 6.5 5.5 9.6 8.7
7 1.50 15.78 6.5 5.3 9.6 8.6
8 2.10 17.88 8.4 7.1 11.5 10.4
9 2.10 19.98 8.4 6.9 11.5 10.3
10 1.50 21.48 6.9 5.3 10.0 8.7
10' 9.26 30.74 6.4 4.1 9.5 7.6
11 9.26 40.01 5.9 3.0 9.0 6.5
12 1.68 41.68 7.4 4.3 10.5 7.9
13 0.75 42.43 7.4 4.3 10.5 7.9
14 4.00 46.43 3.4 0.0 6.5 3.7
46.43

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Annex 5 Hydraulic jump basins

Width (m) 153 m

Elevation
Crest (1) 13.9 m
Downstream apron (2 9.5 m
Z: (1) - (2) 4.4 m

Return period (year)

5 10 25 50 100 Remarks
Flood discharge (m3/s) (a) 1,005 1,177 1,426 1,675 1,950
H1 : Energy head above crest (m) (b) 2.05 2.28 2.59 2.88 3.19
q : unit flow (c) = (a) / width 6.57 7.69 9.32 10.95 12.75
hc : (q2 / g)1/3 (d) = (c2/9.8)1/3 1.64 1.82 2.07 2.30 2.55
1/2 H1 + Z (e) = b/2 +Z 5.43 5.54 5.70 5.84 6.00
V1 :(2g (1/2 H1 + z))0.5 (f) = (2 x g x e)0.5 10.32 10.42 10.57 10.70 10.84
y1 : q / V1 (g) = c / f 0.64 0.74 0.88 1.02 1.18
Fr : V1 / (g y1)0.5 (h) = f / (g x (g) )0.5 4.12 3.87 3.60 3.38 3.19
1/2((1+8Fr ) -1)2 0.5
(i) 5.35 5.00 4.62 4.31 4.04
y2 = 1/2((1+8Fr2)0.5-1) x y1 (j) 3.42 3.70 4.07 4.40 4.77

from non-
y3 3.88 4.16 4.49 4.75 5.15 uniform
calculation

EL 1 15.54 15.72 15.97 16.20 16.45

EL 2 12.92 13.20 13.57 13.90 14.27
EL 3 13.38 13.66 13.99 14.25 14.65

EL1
H1
hc
Z+0.5H1 EL2

Z y2 H2

y1 V1

hc : (q2 / g)1/3 1.64 1.82 2.07 2.30 2.55

E0 = D + 1.5 hc 6.86 7.13 7.51 7.85 8.23
h03-E0h02+q2/2g = 0
E0 6.86 7.13 7.51 7.85 8.23
q /2g
2
2.20 3.02 4.43 6.12 8.29
Therefore h0 = by try and error 0.59 0.69 0.81 0.94 1.08
0.02 (0.05) 0.03 0.01 (0.05)
H2 = h0/2 (8q2/gh03+1)0.5 - 1) 3.58 3.85 4.29 4.65 5.03
Gradient of riverbed 1/ 300 300 300 300 300
Fr = 9.82(i0.5)0.933-300(i0.5)3.5 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67
H3 = (q / g Fr )
2 2 1/3
2.14 2.38 2.70 3.01 3.33
H3 by non-uniform flow calculation 3.88 4.16 4.49 4.75 5.15

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Annex 6 Calculation for head loss

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Result
energy energy Water Bottom
No Discharge Distance item V2/2g W.L. Remarks
loss E.L. depth E.L.
m3/s m (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1 3.476 inflow ### 0.000 691.150 2.350 46.300
0.062
2 3.476 pier ### 0.123 49.215 1.615 47.600
641.837
3 3.476 10 friction and curvature 49.251 0.141 49.110 1.510 47.600
0.007
4 3.476 15 gradual increase 49.244 0.143 49.101 1.501 47.600
0.161
5 3.476 drop 49.083 0.029 49.054 1.464 47.590
0.006
6 3.476 150 friction 49.077 0.007 49.070 3.070 46.000
0.003

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7 3.476 beginning point for can 49.074 0.004 49.070 4.170 44.900
total 642.076

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Calculation for loss

Condition
Crest elevation : 691.25 m
W.L. 0 691.15 m (below 0.1m from top of crest level)
Discharge 3.476 m3/s 6.952 /2 m3/s

(1) 1-2 section

Head loss and change water level by inflow dh2 = f V22 / 2g + ( V22 / 2g - V12 / 2g )

691.150 m dhe = dhe W.L.2 here

690.965 m f= 0.5 from shape of inflow
V1 1.200 m V2 Assumption
3.650 m h2 = 1.015 m dh1' = 0.185 m
689.950 m V1 = 0 m/s, because of flow section is very wide.
B2= 5.000 m Therefore
V2 = Q / (B2 x h2) = 3.48 / ( 5.000 x 1.015 ) = 0.685 m/s
687.500 m V2 /2g = 0.685 ^2/(2 x 9.8) =
2
0.024 m
dhe is from above formula,
dh2 = 0.036 m retry dh2' = 0.185 m
Therefore
W.L.2 = 690.965 m

(2) 2-3 section

Head loss and change water level by pier dh3 = Q2/2g {1/(c2B22h2)2-1/(B12h12)}
where dh2 is difference in water level (m)
690.965 m dhe = dhe W.L.2 Q is flow discharge 3.476 m3/s
690.906 m c is coefficient of plan feature 0.92
V2 1.015 m V3 B1 is canal width upstream side 5.000 m
3.465 m h3 = 0.956 m B2 is section flow at piers 3.75 m
689.950 m h1 is flow depth upstream side of pie 1.015 m
B3= 5.000 m h2 is flow depth downstream side of 0.788 m

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Assumption
687.500 m dh3' = 0.227 m
Therefore
dh2 = 3.476 ^2/(2*9.8) x (1/ ( 0.920 ^2 x 3.750 ^2 x 0.788 ^2 ) - 1 / ( 5.000 ^ 2 x 1.015 ^ 2 )
= 0.059 m retry dh3' = 0.227 m
Therefore
W.L.3= 690.906 m
A3 = B3 x h3 = 5.000 x 0.956 = 4.780 m/s
P3 = B3 + h3 x 2 = 5.000 + 0.956 x 2 = 6.912 m/s
R3 = A3 / P3 = 4.780 / 6.912 = 0.692 m/s
V3 = Q / (B3 x h3) = 3.48 / ( 0.956 x 5.000 ) = 0.727 m/s
V3 /2g = 0.727 ^2/(2 x 9.8)
2
= 0.027 m

(3) 3-4 section

Head loss due to friction and curvature of flow dh4 = hf + ( V42 / 2g - V32 / 2g )+L(I - I0)
where hf is friction head loss (m)
690.906 m dhe = dhe W.L.4 hf = (n Vm /Rm 2/3)2 x L
h3= 690.894 m n roughness coefficient (1/k=0.015)
V3 0.956 m V4 L (I0 - I) is water change due to curvature
h4 = 0.944 m I/I0 = 1 + 3/4 (b/R)0.5 Boussinesq-Lahmeyer's formula
689.950 m I0 is bed slope 0.0003
B4= 5.000 m I is surface slope
L= 10.000 m b is flow width 5m
R is radius of curvature (m) 120 m
I = 0.0003
Assumption
dh4' = 0.012 m
Therefore
V4 = Q / (B4 x h4) = 3.48 / ( 0.944 x 5.000 ) = 0.736 m/s
V /2g = 0.736 ^2/(2 x 9.8) =
4
2
0.028 m
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A4 = B4 x h4 = 5.000 x 0.944 = 4.720 m2

P4 = B4 + h4 x 2 = 5.00 + 0.944 x 2 = 6.888 m
R4 = A4 / P4 = 4.720 / 6.888 = 0.685 m
Vm = (V3 + V4) /2 ( 0.727 + 0.736 ) / 2 = 0.732 m/s
Rm = (R3 + R4 )/2 ( 0.692 + 0.685 ) / 2 = 0.689 m
Therefore
dh4 = ( 0.015 x 0.732 / 0.689 ^ ( 2/3 ) ) ^2 x 10.000 + 0.028 - 0.027 + 10.000 x (0.0003-0.0003)
= 0.003 m retry dh4' = 0.012 m

(4) 4-5 section

Head loss due to gradual increase in flow area dh5 = hge + ( V52 / 2g - V42 / 2g )
hge= he + hf = hge (V3 /2g - V4 /2g) +Im L =fge fse V4 /2g +(nVm/Rm ) x L
2 2 2 2/3 2

690.894 m dhe = dhe W.L.5 where hge is loss due to gradual increase inflow area (m)
h4= 690.837 m he is loss due to dradual increase (transition)
V4 0.944 m V5 hf is loss due to friction of transition
689.950 m h5 = 0.887 m fge is head loss coefficient for gradual increase 0.4 from fig. 3.2.99
689.950 m fse is head loss coefficient due to abrupt increase 0.64 from table 3.2.17
B4 = 5.000 m B5= 11.300 m Assumption
L= 15.000 m dh5' = 0.057 m
Therefore
V5 = Q / (B5 x h5) = 3.48 / ( 0.887 x 11.300 ) = 0.347 m/s
V /2g = 0.347 ^2/(2 x 9.8) =
5
2
0.006 m
5.000 m 11.300 m A5 = B5 x h5 = 11.300 x 0.887 = 10.023 m2
P5 = B5 + h5 x 2 = 11.30 + 0.887 x 2 = 13.074 m
R5 = A5 / P5 = 10.023 / 13.074 = 0.767 m
Vm = (V4 + V5) /2 ( 0.736 + 0.347 ) / 2 = 0.542 m/s
Rm = (R4 + R5 )/2 ( 0.685 + 0.767 ) / 2 = 0.384 m
Therefore
dh5 = 0.400 x 0.640 x 0.028 + ( 0.015 x 0.542 / 0.384 ^(2/3)) ^ 2 x 15.000

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= 0.011 m retry dh5' = 0.057 m

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(5) 5-6 section

Head loss due to drop in elevation dh6 = ht + ( V62 / 2g - V52 / 2g )
ht / h6 = f (Fr6, dZ / h6 )
690.837 m dhe = dhe W.L.6 where ht is head loss (m)
h5= 690.860 m dZ is elevation gap (m)
V5 0.887 m V6 Fr6 is froude number at section 6
689.950 m h6 = 644.860 m h6 is flow depth at section 6
47.600 m Assumption
dZ = 643.950 m dh6' = -0.023 m
46.000 m Therefore
V6 = Q / (B6 x h6) = 3.48 / ( 644.860 x 11.300 ) 0.000 m/s
B6= 11.300 m V62/2g = 0.000 ^2/(2 x 9.8) = 0.000 m
dZ / h6 = 643.9500 / 644.860 = 0.999 therefore ht/h6 = 0.002
Fr6 = V6 / (gh6) 0.5
= 0.000 / ( 9.8 x 644.860 ) ^ 0 from fig. 3.2.90
ht = 0.002 x m
Therefore = 1.2897
dh6 = 1.290 + 0.000 - 0.006
= 1.284 m retry dh6' = -0.023 m

(6) 6-7 section

Head loss due to friction dh7 = hf + ( V62 / 2g - V52 / 2g )
hf = (n Vm /Rm 2/3)2 x L
690.860 m dhe = dhe W.L.7 where hf is head loss (m)
690.860 m
V6 V7 Assumption
h6= 644.860 m h7 = 645.960 m dh7' = 0m
Therefore
V7 = Q / (B7 x h7) = 3.48 / ( 645.960 x 11.300 ) 0.000 m/s
V72/2g = 0.000 ^2/(2 x 9.8) = 0.000 m
46.000 m 44.900 m A6 = B6 x h6 = 11.300 x 644.860 = ### m2
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B7= 11.300 m P6 = B6 + h6 x 2 = 11.300 + 644.860 x 2 = 1301 m

L= 150 m R6 = A6 / P6 = 7,286.918 / 1,301.020 = 5.601 m
A7 = B7 x h7 = 11.300 x 645.960 = ### m2
P7 = B7 + h7 x 2 = 11.300 + 645.960 x 2 = 1303.2 m
R7 = A7 / P7 = 7,299.348 / 1,303.220 = 5.601 m
Vm = (V6 + V7) /2 ( 0.000 + 0.000 ) / 2 = 0.000 m/s
Rm = (R6 + R7 )/2 ( 0.000 + 5.601 ) / 2 = 2.801 m
Therefore
dh7 = ( 0.015 x 0.000 / 2.801 ^ ( 2/3 ) ) ^2 x 150.000 + 0.000 - 0.000
= 0.000 m ok dh7' = 0.000 m

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Setting basin (refer to Engineering Manual for Irrigation & Drainage

(1) Width and depth of sedimentation ditch

Rectangular cross section can be decided as follows.
B = (h2 + aQ2 / kh2 )0.5 - h
where B is width of sedimentation ditch (m)
h is water depth at allowable critical limit (m) 4.7 m
Q is design discharge (m3/s)
a is 1.0 -1.2 velocity change coefficient
k is Tc/pi
Tc is critical tractive force (t/m 2)
p is unit Wight of water (t sec2/m4)
I is gradient of sedimentation (I>1/100) 0.01
Discharge Q= 25.11 m3/s
Number of ditches 2 Q = 12.555 m3/s
Minimum particle 0.07 mm
U*c2 = Tc/p = 8.41d11/32 U*c2 = 1.53 cm2/sec2
K =Tc/pi K= 153 cm2 / sec2
= 0.0153 m2 / sec2
Therefore
B= ( 4.70 ^ 2 + 12.56 ^ 2 / ( 0.0153 x 4.70 ^ 2 ) ) ^ 0.5 - 4.70
= 17.5 m

(2) Length of sedimentation ditch

1) Formula from sedimentation theory

L1 = K Q / (B Vg)
L2 = K h / Vg x U
where L is length of sedimentation ditches (m)
K is safety factor (1.5 to 2.0)
h is water depth at the point where minimum particle is settled completely (m)
B is width of sedimentation ditches (m)
U is average velocity in the sedimentation ditch 0.2
Vg is critical setting velocity (m/s) 0.005
Q is design discharge in sedimentation ditches (m3/s)
L1 = 143 x K = 215 to 286 m
L2 = 188 x K = 282 to 376 m

2) Empirical formula
L = 20 Q0.5
where
L is length of sedimentation ditches (m)
Q is design discharge in sedimentation ditches (m3/s)
Therefore
 annex 0 (60/60)

L = 70.866 m

3) Formula on the basis of detaching length of the flow on grasped bed

L = L1 + L2 +L3
where L is length of sedimentation ditch (m)
L1 is length sediment terrace (m)
L2 is distance from terrace front to the point further than whom there is
no re-floating of sediment (m) (L2=10W)
W is gap height at the beginning of sedimentation ditch
W' is height of terrace front (W' = W)
L3 is excess length (m), about gap height at the end of the sedimentation ditch

W W'

L1 L2 L3
37 m 183 m 4m

Necessary capacity for sedimentation

C1 = 37.0 x 17.5 x 4.7 = 3,043 m3
C2 = 0.25*183.0 x 17.5 = 800.63 m3
C= C1 + C2 = 3,844

Volume of sedimentation
Volume of suspended material of the water flowing through the trap :
0.05 %
Grain size for settling :
0.07 m
Flushing interval :
1 per a week
Therefore necessity volume Q is as below.
Q= 12.56 x 0.00050 x 7 x 24 x 3600 / 1 = 3,797 m3