TOPIC Earth’s Internal Heat Date September 2020

Week 5 Lesson 2
I OBJECTIVE:
 At the end of the day, the learners can describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from by:
a. Identifying the sources and significance of the Earth's internal heat and describing the
different processes responsible for the transfer of heat; and
b. discussing the requirements for magma generation .
II ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Summary of Essential Concept:

Earth’s core is said to be extremely hot which heat is being spread throughout its structure powered by
a convection current in the mantle.
2 Types of Internal heat
Primordial heat:
 heat from accretion and bombardment of the Earth during the early stages of
formation.
 Ex: a hammer hit on hard
Radioactive heat:surface several times, the metal in the hammer will heat up
(kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy).
 heat generated by long-term radioactive decay
 its main sources are the four long-lived isotopes (large half-life): namely K40,
Th232, U235 and U238 that made a continuing heat source over geologic time.
Earth’s Internal Temperature:

Core-mantle boundary: 3,700°C

Inner-core – outer-core boundary: 6,300°C±800°C
Earth’s center: 6,400°C±600°C

Facts check:
The mantle and asthenosphere are considerably hotter than the lithosphere, and the core is much hotter
Redistribution of the Earth’s heat:
than the mantle.

For more
a. learnings about
Simultaneous Earth’s internal
conduction, temperature,
convection and please read the link provided below: (Carlson,
D. H. et al, Physical Geology Earth Revealed, 2011, p 47 and
radiation
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/10.html)
b. Convection occurs at the mantle, but not
between the core and mantle, or even between the
asthenosphere and lithosphere (except at sea-floor
For additional
spreading information
zones).The only heatontransfer
the concept of convection here is an explanation by associating the
mechanism
concept
in these in coffee
transition preparation.
zones is through conduction.
Please click the link below: http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/10.html)

a. Mechanisms that occur when boiling water:

There is a heat source at the bottom of the water.
The heat rises to the top from the bottom, causing the surface water to become hot. It
radiates its heat into the air and then cools.
 MAGMA FORMATION
The special conditions required for the formation of magma according to
(Marshak, et al, Essentials of Geology, 2013, pp 99-100):

a. Crust and mantle are almost entirely solid, indicating that magma only
forms in special places where pre-existing solid rocks undergo melting.
b. Melting due to decrease in pressure (decompression melting): The
decrease in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant temperature
permits melting forming magma. This process of hot mantle rock rising to
shallower depths in the Earth occurs in mantle plumes, beneath rifts and beneath
mid-ocean ridges. Adapted from: Tolentino et. al. 2016.
Places where magma can c. form:
Melting as a result of the addition of volatiles (flux melting): When
 Mid-oceanic ridges: the mix
volatiles rising magma
with in mantle
hot, dry convection
rock, the volatile cell brings the
decreases heatrock’s
to themelting point
surface, transferring heat to the overlying rocks. The transfer of heat due to convection
and they help break the chemical bonds in the rock to allow melting.
is accompanied by a decrease in pressure or "decompression" associated with the spreading
of the lithospheric
d. plates.
Melting These two work
resulting frominheat
tandem promoting
transfer fromthe partial
rising melting(heat
magma of rocks
transfer
along the spreading center.
melting): A rising magma from the mantle brings heat with it that can melt the
surrounding rocks at the shallower depths
 Mantle plumes (hot spots): Similar to mid-oceanic ridges, the transfer of heat and decompression
result to magma generation. The source of heat for mantle plumes is much deeper.

 Subduction zones: Oceanic crustal rocks are formed along spreading centers, typically beneath
several kilometers of seawater. The presence of water during generation results to the formation
of hydrous minerals. As the oceanic slab is down-thrusted along subduction zones,
the change in temperature and pressure conditions brings about mineral instability
(e.g. hydrous minerals) and the release of water to the surrounding hot rocks.
 1.1 TESTING OF KNOWLEDGE:

1. Describe how rising magma causes melting.

 Magma can rise when pieces of Earth's crust called tectonic plates slowly move away from
each other. ... Magma also rises when these tectonic plates move toward each other. When
this happens, part of Earth's crust can be forced deep into its interior. The high heat and
pressure cause the crust to melt and rise as magma.

2. How is the Earth's internal heat redistributed?

 Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection,
and volcanic advection. ... Thus, about 99% of Earth's internal heat loss at the surface is by
conduction through the crust, and mantle convection is the dominant control
on heat transport from deep within the Earth.

3. Cite three tectonic settings where magma is formed.

 Magma is formed at three main plate-tectonic settings: divergent boundaries
(decompression melting), convergent boundaries (flux melting), and mantle plumes
(decompression melting).

4. What is the role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks?

 Volatiles are substances that rapidly evaporates like water, alcohol, acetone, methane,
ammonia, etc. Solid rocks have different compositions and minerals with
varying melting points. The role of volatiles in the partial melting of rocks are: ... They
cause the lowering of melting point of rock minerals.
5. What are the two primary sources of the Earth's internal heat?
 The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at 47±2 terawatts (TW)
and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced
by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the primordial heat left
over from the formation of Earth.

1.2 KNOWLEDGE SCANNING:

Instruction: Answer the question below in 200 words.
“What will happen if there will be no internal heat in the Earth?”
 There are three main sources of heat in the deep earth heat from when the planet formed and
accreted, which has not yet been lost frictional heating, caused by denser core material
sinking to the center of the planet; and heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
Earth keeps a nearly steady temperature, because it makes heat in its interior. In other
words, Earth has been losing heat since it formed, billions of years ago. ... Without this
process of radioactive decay, there would be fewer volcanoes and earthquakes – and less
building of Earth's vast mountain ranges.
If the core were to cool completely, the planet would grow cold and dead. ... Cooling also
could cost us the magnetic shield around the planet created by heat from the core. This shield
protects Earth from cosmic radiation. The shield is created by a convection process caused by
constantly moving iron.

1.3 INTEGRATION OF LEARNING:

Lara Maryannie Perez

I liked it due to the fact I still Redistribution of the Earth’s

remember some of the lesson heat.
from grade 8.
 III. SELF DETERMINING PRACTICE:
Instructions:
1. Draw a schematic of a cross section of the earth by, showing the different layers of the earth and
labeling its parts.

2. Label the different tectonic settings where magma is generated.

3. Identify the type of melting that are usually associated with the settings identified in #2
 Volcanic arc where the hot spot above the divergent boundaries (decompression melting).

4. Illustrate the process heat transfer mechanisms and the direction of heat transfer occur.(through
arrows) (This is equivalent to 15 points.)

IV. REFLECTION/ACTION:
Instructions: Read and answer the question.
1. Have you ever encountered instances/situations when you need to identify and dig for a lot of
information to know the source of a particular issue? Share your experience.
 Yes, ALWAYS. Because for me, I should get our facts straight in any issue so that I will not
spread fake news or won’t add any commotion to the issue.

2. What conditions/steps did you consider to pursue with your study? How did you feel about your
actions?
 I don’t have really a conditions or steps if I’m studying. As long as I can focus that’s it.

V REFERENCES

Tolentino, et al. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Biology I. Quezon City:
EC-TEC Commercial
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/10.html) on June 2020.

Prepared:
JUDITH ANN E. PANGAN
ROWENA D. ELIAS
Subject Teacher
Noted:
ROMEO J. GABITO, Ed. D.
SHS, Assistant Principal