Chapter (2)

Signal Processing Circuits

Full-wave rectifier analysis

(1)
The bridge rectifier
circuit is shown in
this this Fig.
• V on T ¾¾is an
ac(- ve and +ve) (2)
terminals
• i, through RL ¾¾ in the same direction
• At Vad i ¾¾ abcd
• At Vda i ¾¾ dbca
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

The dc component is twice as large as in half-wave rectifier:

2 Vm 2Im
I dc = =
π RL π
The disadvantageous of the bridge circuit is:
• Four diodes are needed
• Their power-dissipating voltage drops are always in
series with the load.
•This will reduce the power delivered to the lead
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

The circuit
shown in this
Fig. uses
• expensive
transformer
¾¾ v2 is 180o
out of phase
with v1
• two diodes
only •When v1 + ve, i1 ¾¾ D1, no current flows through D2

• higher • When v2+ ve, i2 ¾¾ D2, no current flows through D1

operating •The current in R ( I = i1 + i2) ∴ Idc =2Im/π
efficiency
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

Filters
• Rectification means direct current (dc)
• The output current of the half-wave and full-wave rectifier
contain large ac components
• There is ripple voltage across RL
i

t
half-wave rectifier full-wave rectifier
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

Capacitor Filter

Reduced the ripple voltage

How?
• The capacitor is shunted ¾¾ between RL and diode
• The charge store in the capacitor ¾¾ when D conducting
¾¾ during the positive period
•The charge release from the capacitor ¾¾ when D
nonconducting
¾¾ during the negative period
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

At the steady
state.

• At t = 0 ¾¾ vs = 0  D ¾¾ off  iD = 0  vs < VC = VL (C-dis)

• At t = t1 ¾¾ vs > VC = VL  D ¾¾ on  iD rises to satisfy
ic= Cdv/dt ¾¾ VL = Vm sinωt ¾¾ during ¾¾ t1 > t > t2 (C-charges)
• At t = t2  D ¾¾ off  iD = 0  vs < VC = VL (C-dis)
• During the discharging period,¾¾ t2> t > t3 ¾¾ VC = VL decays
exponentially −(t −t2 ) / RLC
•At t = t3 ¾¾ vs < VC = VL (C-dis)
L V =V e 2
¾¾ the cycle repeats
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

− (t −t2 ) / RLC
VL = V2e
From this equation :
• T = RC is the periodic time ¾¾ deepens on the values of R and C

• iL never goes to zero it α vL

• The dc components ¾¾ Idc and Vdc are larger as compared to the
half-wave rectifier alone
• The ripple voltage ¾¾ Vr ¾¾ voltage conducting diode ¾¾ reduced by
use of the capacitor
• Vr ¾¾ very small when RC > T (the period of the supply voltage ¾¾ the decay in

V C = VL small ¾¾ approximately straight line

Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

Capacitor Filter – Approximate Analysis

ASSUMPTION
• RC large ¾¾ vr small ¾¾ t2 – t1 small ¾¾ vc ≅ constant
All the current ¾¾ supplied by the capacitor
• The charge transferred to RL

∆q = IdcT = C∆vc = Cvr

I dcT I dc Vdc
vr = = =
C fC fR L C
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits
Chapter (1)
Signal Processing Circuits

HOMEWORK

1. Redraw the circuit in Ex. 8 p. 82 when a

capacitor of 1F is shunted between the
diode and RL
2. Calculate the ripple voltage of this circuit
3.Derive an equation to solve the ripple
voltage for the full-wave rectifier circuit
4. Practice Problem 3-8 . Drawing and
calculations