GABRIEL PANGANIBAN BS MLS 2-YA-1 BIOE211

COURSE 2 UNIT TASK

1. Principles of Sampling

a. What is the difference between population and sample?

  A population is a complete set of people with a specialized set of characteristics, and a

sample is a subset of the population.

b. A sample has to be drawn from 5 different sections composed of 300 students as shown in the table
below. How will you draw the sample using stratified sampling method, using 5% margin of error? Show
the solution and the sample you will get per section.

Section No of students Solution Sample per section

BSMD 1Y1-1 66 (66/300)(172) = 37.84 38

BSMD 1Y1-2 52 (52/300)(172) = 29.8133 30

BSMD 1Y1-3 75 (75/300)(172) = 43 43

BSMD 1Y1-4 59 (59/300)(172) = 33.82667 34

BSMD 1Y1-5 48 (48/300)(172) = 27.52 28

TOTAL 300 173

2. Data Presentation
a. When you construct a table, when might it be beneficial to use relative rather than absolute
frequencies?

 It is sometimes useful to know the proportion of values that fall into a given interval in a
frequency distribution, rather than the absolute number. In this situation, while constructing a
table, using relative frequencies might be beneficial than using absolute frequencies.
Relative frequencies are useful in for comparing sets of data that contain unequal number
of observations. The relative frequency is computed by dividing the number of values within an
interval by the total number of values in the table.

b. What types of graphs can be used to display nominal or ordinal observations? Discrete or continuous
observations?

Bar charts are used to display a frequency distribution for a nominal or ordinal data. In a
bar chart the various categories into which the observations fall are presented along a horizontal
axis. A vertical bar is drawn above each category such that the height of the bar represents either
the frequency or the relative frequency of the observations within that class.
A histogram is used to display the frequency distribution of a discrete or a continuous data.
The horizontal axis displays the true limits of the various intervals. The true limits of an interval
are the points that separate it from the intervals on either side.

c. The reported numbers of live births in the Philippines for each month in the period January 1995 to
December 1996 are listed below:

MONTH 1995 NUMBER (THOUSANDS) MONTH 1996 NUMBER (THOUSANDS)

January 325 January 334

February 312 February 304

March 346 March 360

April 340 April 330

May 355 May 361

 June 342 June 333

July 358 July 352

August 346 August 350

September 365 September 357

October 355 October 345

November 324 November 332

December 342 December 325

 
a. Construct a line graph displaying the reported number of live births over time.

Live Births Comparison of Years 1995 and 1996 (in

thousands)
370

360

350

340

330

320

310

300
ar
y
ar
y ch ril ay ne Ju
ly st be
r er be
r
be
r
nu ru ar Ap M Ju gu tob m
a b M A u em Oc ve em
J F e pt o De
c
Se N
b.
Based
1995 1996
on this
two-
year period, do you think the number of live births follows a seasonal pattern in the Philippines?
 The graph shows consistency with the monthly alternating increase-decrease pattern
between the years 1995 and 1996.
Though the data resemble each other, the peak of monthly live birth is not the same. The
year 1995 witnessed a peak of monthly live birth during September, which is a rainy season, while
the Year 1996 witnessed a peak of monthly live birth during May and March, which are months
within the dry season.
Though they have 2 different peaks, both had the same month where they recorded the least
accounted live birth which is the month of February.