9

Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Medicine: Its Classification
Consumer Chemistry– Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4– Module 1: Medicine: Its Classification
First Edition, 2021

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 9
Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Medicine: Its Classification
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At
the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to describe and understand the properties of

medicine and its major classification. Differentiated activities are provided for
you to perform in order to strengthen your knowledge and skills regarding the
topic.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• define medicine;
• differentiate medicine from drug;
• identify the different properties of medicine;
• determine the major classifications of medicine ; and
• compose a song that expresses the properties and classifications of
medicine as well as its importance.

What I Know

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. What is the product that produce and impart positive medical effect on a patient?
a. antibiotics c. medicine
b. drugs d. therapeutic
2. Which drug property influences the drug transport and distribution?
a. Ionization of drugs c. Partition Coefficient
b. Isosterim d. Solubility
3. Which of the following classifications focuses on the cardiovascular function?
a. Controlled Substance c. Pharmacologic Classification
b. Legal classification d. Therapeutic Classification
4. What drug classification has broad categories?
a. Controlled Substance c. Pharmacologic Classification
b. Legal classification d. Therapeutic Classification
5. What name is assigned to a drug using standard nomenclature established by
International Union and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)?
a. brand name b. chemical name c. drug trade d. generic name
6. What name is assigned to a drug using U.S. Adopted Name Council?
a. brand name b. chemical name c. drug trade d. generic name

1
7. Which properties defines as material that can reduce the surface tension of water at very
low concentration?
a. Chelation c. Protein binding
b. Hydrogen bonding d. Surface activity
8. Which statement is TRUE about the effectiveness of medicine?
a. It cures the diseases.
b. It does not cause addiction.
c. It has negligible toxicity.
d. All of the choices.
9. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ionization of drugs?
a. weak base at alkaline pH: more lipid soluble
b. weak acid at acid Ph: more lipid soluble
c. A and B
d. All of the choices
10. The following are antihypertensive medicines EXCEPT?
a. amlodipine b. losartan c. metoprolol d. pradaxa
11. The following statements are true about medicine EXCEPT?
a. It cures the diseases.
b. It does not cause addiction.
c. It has positive and negative effect on the patient.
d. It has positive medical effect on the patient.
12. Which of the following statements BEST describes drugs in terms of their source?
a. They are made up of hydrogen bonding. c. They are naturally made.
b. They are made up protein binding d. They are naturally and synthetically made.
13. Which of the following is a mismatch drug classification?
a. Diuretic: lowers plasma volume c. antihypertensive: influence blood clotting
b. Treat angina: antianginal d. relieves pain and reduce fever: salicylates
14. The following are the effectiveness of the therapeutic classification EXCEPT?
a. lower blood pressure c. influence blood clotting
b. lowers plasma Volume d. treat angina
15. Which statement is CORRECT about medicine and drugs?
a. Both impart negative and positive effects to patients.
b. It is safe to use in curing any disease.
c. Both medicines and drugs can be poisonous.
c. A and C

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 What’s In

FACT OR BLUFF
Directions: On the first blank before the number, write FACT if the statement is
correct and BLUFF if otherwise. If the statement is BLUFF ,underline
the word (s) that make (s) it incorrect then write it on the second blank
and then afterwards write the correct word on the third blank before
the number. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

___________1. Ceramic are metallic substance composed of two or more elements which
___________ is produced by melting the mixture of ingredients.
——————

___________2. Ceramic is the most important technology of steel today.

——————-
——————-

___________3. Carbon is an inorganic and nonmetallic material that is essential in our

___________ daily lifestyle.
——————

___________4. The quality of steel can also be affected through the addition of
___________ precipitation allowing the strengthening of the steel.
——————

___________5. Microalloyed steel improves the hardening , tensile strength and other
___________ mechanical properties of steel.
——————

Now are you ready to go beyond? Are you ready to explore the world of medicine?
Get ready as we move to the next journey in this module.

As you go through this module you will earn 3 badges that will serve as your reward
in every journey of the lesson. Enjoy!

3
 What’s New

PART A: Word Search

Directions: Look for words in the grid related to properties and classifications of medicine.
Copy the grid with letters on a separate sheet of paper then loop the words.

PART B: Who am I?
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the given clues. Choose your
answers from the terms found in the WORD SEARCH. Write your answers on
a sheet of paper.

________1. I am the one who influence the drug transport and distributions.
________2. I am the drug that has different mechanism of action.
________3. I am a drug used to treat and prevent diseases.
________4. We are the drugs used as pain reliever.
________5.
________6. I am the less complicated and easier name than the chemical names.
________7. I address the drug’s similar mechanism of action or how the drug
produces its physiological effect in the body.
________8. I have negative and positive effects on the patient.
________9. I am the material that can reduce the surface tension of water at very
low concentration..
________10. I am the concentration of the dissolved solute, which is in
equilibrium with the solid solute.
You've taken medicine before. How did it work to make you better? And how did the
doctor know which medicine to prescribe for your sickness? Let’s find out next.

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 What is It

MEDICINE: ITS CLASSIFICATION

What is Medicine?

Medicine has a variety of health care effects that promote and

reinstate the patient’s well-being by the prevention and treatment of illness.
It comes from diverse sources like: natural, synthetic, semi-synthetic and
biosynthetic materials. They have the same purpose and that is to keep
everyone from illness. We all know that nowadays, most of the medicines
are produced from the different laboratories while some of them can be
found in nature. As the production of medicine starts, scientist make sure
of the effectivity and the efficacy of the properties and the accurate dosage
of the medicine for the welfare of human beings.

Medicine in general is the term that refers to the science or practice

of, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. It also in particular
refers to a substance that is used in treating disease or relieving pain
which is usually in the form of a pill or a liquid. Medicine has a favorable
effect on our health.

But, do you know that medicine is a type of drug? In some cases medicine is also called as
drugs that can cure diseases, however, medicine does not have the negative connotations
associated with drugs. Although drugs is often used synonymously with medicine, it has nothing to
do with the negative effects caused by drugs. This is because drug also refers to an illegal
substance that may cause negative physiological effect on our body while the only purpose of
medicine is to cure or treat a disease. To illustrate it more Table 1 will show the major differences
of drugs and medicine for you to be able to understand their concepts thoroughly.

Table 1 :MEDICINE VS DRUG

Parameters Drugs Medicine

any substance other than food
which has a physiological ef-
Definition fect when ingested or other-
wise introduced into the body.
used for different purposes
such as treating disease, re-
Purpose lieving pain, recreation and
improving cognitive abilities.
It may have either positive or
Effects
negative effect.
It is associated with negative
Connotations connotations.
A substance that is used in
treating disease or reliev-
ing pain.
used to treat disease or
relieve pain.
It usually has a positive
effect on the health.
It is not associated with
negative connotations.

Which do you think is more poisonous? Both drugs and medicines can be poisonous,
though this depends on the dose of the drug or medicine if the thing is poisonous or not”.
Do you understand the comparison between drugs and medicine or are you still confused?
Don’t worry, we still have another journey as we move along through this module. Let’s go.

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 What is It
PROPERTIES OF MEDICINE
The chemical compound has the potential to elicit pharmacological or
therapeutic effect that is related to the influence of a various physical and
chemical properties of the chemical substance on the bio molecule that
interacts with:
1. Physical Properties—refers to a drug that is responsible for its
action.
2. Chemical Properties—refers to a drug that respond extracellularly
based on its simple chemical reactions.

Table 2: Physicochemical Properties of Medicine

PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
Solubility The first requirement for drug absorption and the dissolved solute is equilibri-
um to the solid solute.
The preparation of liquid dosage form and the drug must be in solution before it
is absorbed by the body to produce the biological activity.
Permeability Way of how substances “travel through” cellular membranes.
Poor permeability can lead to poor absorption across the GI mucosa or poor
distribution throughout the body
Physical State Solid drugs need to dissociate to exert its effect, thus it will take time to elicit a
response compared to a drug in liquid form.
Polarity “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”
To get across most membranes, the drug must be relatively NON-POLAR
(lipophilic). To be soluble in water, a drug must be POLAR (hydrophilic).
Particle Size The smaller particle size, the higher dissolution rate, and the faster absorption.
Melting Point The lower melting point of drugs the faster the absorption.
Partition It influence the drug transport & drug distribution, for a drug to be orally ab-
Coefficient sorbed, it must pass through lipid bilayers in the intestinal mucosa.
low lipid solubility- poor absorption
Surface activity The material that can reduce the surface tension of water at very low concen-
tration.
Source Natural, Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Biosynthetic.

Isomerism It is a drug molecule that must generally interact with biomolecules (enzymes/
receptors) in a very SPECIFIC way to elicit a pharmacological response.
Intermolecular The drugs interact and bind to the binding sites (receptors/proteins/enzymes)
Forces through intermolecular forces.
covalent bonds – long lasting or irreversible effects are desired.

Ionization Only the unionized form of a drug can partition through membranes.
The ionized form is more water-soluble (required for drug administration and
drug distribution in plasma)
pH Most drugs are weak acids and weak bases.
An acidic drug dissolves in a basic medium
A basic drug dissolves in an acidic medium.
Functional Group Phase I and II reactions
Addition of polar functional groups results in more water soluble and readily
excretable metabolite.

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 MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS OF MEDICINE

Do you really know the purpose why we need to classify drugs? The purpose
of classifying drugs is to ensure and use a drug safely to achieve the upmost benefit to
human beings. It helps to identify drug-drug interactions and the potential for drug
resistance and ensures the appropriate staging of treatment.
1. Therapeutic Classification — refers to the way of organizing drug based on their
therapeutic usefulness in treating diseases. They have different mechanisms of action.
This classifications focuses on Cardiovascular drugs as well as Respiratory
drugs, Gastrointestinal drugs, Renal drugs, Neurologic drugs, Psychiatric drugs,
Endocrinology drugs, Urologic drugs, Rheumatologic drugs, Dermatologic drugs,
Infectious disease drugs, and Ophthalmic and otolaryngological drugs.

Table 3: Examples of Therapeutic drugs

Category Usefulness Example Medicine

Anticoagulant Influence blood clotting Coumadin, pradaxa
antihyperlipidemic Lower blood cholesterol Atorvastatin, simvastatin, Fluvastatin,
pravastatin, lovastatin
Antihypertensive Lower blood pressure Amlodipine, metoprolol, losartan
antidysrhythmic Restore normal cardiac Amiodarone, propafenone, quinidine, to-
rhythm cainide, flecainide
antianginal Treat angina Nitrates, propranolol, metoprolol
Neurologic agent Reduce stroke damage AMPA receptor antagonist, barbiturate
anticonvulsants, Benzodiazepine anticon-
vulsants,
Antidepressant Neurotransmitter that affect Citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine
mood and emotions.
Anti-rheumatologic Reduce pain and swelling of Mycophenolate, ciclosporin, cyclophos-
agent the joints phamide, leflunomide
Antifungal Kill fungal cells to prevent Clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole,
them from growing terbinafine, amphotericin
Antibiotics – β-Lactams Penicillin, monobactam, cephalosporins
Erythropoiesis- Attenuate blood transfusion Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit), Darbepo-
Stimulating Agents among anemic patients etin (Aranesp)
(ESAs)

Statin Lipid lowering medications Simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin

Antiplatelets Prevention in coronary heart Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor
disease
Antidiarrheal Increase the risk of an en- Loperamide
larged colon
Anti-ulcer Blocks the pathways of acid Dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lanso-
production or secretion, de- prazole, pantoprazole
creasing gastric acidity and
healing acid-peptic diseases

7
2. Pharmacologic Classification– refers on how a drug works at molecular, tissue, and
body system levels. It addresses the drug’s similar mechanism of action, or how a drug
produces its physiological effect in the body. It describes a drug’s properties in specific
way.
This classifications focuses on Therapeutic Application & Pharmacotherapy for
hypertension such as Drugs for Autonomic Nervous System, Drugs for Central Nervous
System, Drugs for cardiovascular system, Gastrointestinal tract drugs, respiratory
system drugs, drugs for renal functions , Chemotherapeutic drugs, Drugs of hormonal
disorders, dermatology drugs, inflammation drugs and other diseases and systems.
Table 4: Examples of Pharmacologic drugs

Category Mechanism of Action Example Medicine

Diuretic Lowers plasma volume Indapamide, chlorthalidone

Calcium channel blocker Blocks heart calcium chan- Amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine,
nels nisoldipine, verapamil
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Block’s hormonal activity Benazepril, captopril, fosinopril,
inhibitor
perindopril
Adrenergic antagonist Blocks physiological reac- Propranolol, metoprolol, timolol, pin-
tions to stress dolol
Vasodilator Dilates peripheral blood Benazepril, captopril, lisinopril,
vessels
perindopril
Antihistamine Reduction in allergy and Benadryl, Citirizine, Chlorphenira-
any related symptoms mine
Anticancer Reduce and prevent the Plicamycin, bleomycin, dactinomycin
growth and spread of can-
cer cells.
Antidiabetic Stabilize to control blood Insulin zinc suspension protamine
glucose level zinc suspension
Anorexic agents Increase the general physi- Phentermine, sibutramine
cal activity
Antibacterial An agent that kills microor- Amoxicillin, cephalexin, clindamycin,
ganisms or stop their vancomycin
growth
Anti-amoebic Used in treating liver ab- Tinidazole, metronidazole, nirida-
scesses or intestinal wall zole, chloroquine
infections caused by amoe-
bas.
Antimalarial Reduced malaria transmis- Atovaquone, chloroquine, prima-
sion quine, doxycycline, mefloquine
Antiviral An agent used to treat viral Abacavir, Acyclovir, adefovir,
infections amantadine, arbidol
Cholinergic Enhance the action of the Pyridostigmine, eserine, neostig-
neurotransmitter of nerve mine
impulses within the para-
sympathetic nervous sys-
tem
CNS Stimulants Increases the levels of cer- Cocaine, modafinil, armodafinil,
tain chemicals in the brain atomoxetine , methylphenidate
and increases alertness,
attention, energy and physi-
cal activity.

8
3. Chemical Classification—consist of three basic types:
1. Chemical Name- is a name assigned using standard nomenclature established
by the international union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A drug has
only one chemical name, which is helpful in predicting substances’ physical and
chemical properties.
Table 5: Examples of Medicine and its Chemical Names

Medicine Chemical Names

Aspirin 2-acetoxybenzoic acid.

Paracetamol N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide
Ibufrofen (RS)-2-(-4-(2-methylprophyl)phenyl)propanoic acid

Metformin N,N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide

Mefenamic acid 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid

2. Generic Name– the name of drug assigned by U.S. Adopted Name Council.
Generic names are less complicated and easier to remember.
This name is prescribed by the food and Drug Administration (FDA), the
official Pharmacopoeia, and the World Health Organization (WHO) during
medication.
3. Drug Trade – the name assigned by the company marketing of drug. The trade
name is sometimes called the proprietary or product or brand name.

Table 6: Examples of Brand Names Products Containing Popular Generic Substances

Generic
Brand Names
Substances
Aspirin Acuprin, Anacin, Aspergum, Bayer, Bufferin, Ecotrin, Empirin, Ex-
cedrin,Marprin, Norgesic, Salatin, Salocol, Salsprin, Supac, Talwin,
Triaphen-10, Vanquish,Verin,Zorprin

Ibuprofen Advil, Amersol, Apsifen, Brufen, Haltran, Medipren, Midol 200, Mo-
trin, Neuvil, Novoprofen, Nuprin, Pamprin-1B, Rufen, Trendar
Paracetamol Dymadon, Lemsip, Panadol, Panamax, Tylenol

Mefenamic acid Ponstel, Ponstan

Metformin Fortamet, Glucophage,Glumetza

9
4. Amalgamated Classification– refers to the predominantly anti-inflammatory drug or non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and antithrombosis.
Example medicine are: ibuprofen, advil, nurofen, motrin and etc.

5. Legal Classification (Controlled Substances, Drug Schedules, and Teratogenic Risks)

- refers to a drugs that are frequently abused or have high potential for addiction. Accord-
ing to law drugs that have significant potential for abuse are placed into five categories
called schedules( schedule I,II,III,IV,&V). These drugs are classified according to their po-
tential for abuse. Examples of abusive drugs are: Heroin, ecstasy, and etc. Schedule I
drugs have the highest potential for abuse while the Schedule V drugs have the lowest po-
tential for abuse.

Table 7: Drug Schedules

Drug Abuse Potential for Potential for Examples Therapeutic
Schedule Potential Physical De- psychological Use
pendency Dependency
I Highest High High Heroin, ecstasy Limited or no
therapeutic
use
II High High High Hydromorphone metha- Limited or no
done, eperidine, fenta- therapeutic
nyl use
III Moderate Moderate High Ketamine, anabolic Used thera-
steroids peutically with
prescription
IV Lower Lower Lower Alprazolam,diazepam

V Lowest Lowest Lowest Cough preparations Used thera-

containing not more peutically with-
than 200 mg of codeine out prescrip-
per 100 ml or per 100 tion
grams.

Teratogen is a substance that has the potential to cause a defect in an unborn child
during pregnancy. A small number of drugs have been shown to be teratogenic, either in
humans or in laboratory animals. Classification of teratogenic risk places drugs into cate-
gories A, B, C, D and X.

Table 8: Classification of a Teratogenic Risk

Category FDA Drug risk classification in pregnancy

A Controlled studies in women fail to show a risk to the fetus and the possibility of fetal
harm appears unlikely.
B Animal reproduction studies have not shown a fetal risk or adverse effect. Risks have
not been confirmed in controlled studies in women.
C Either studies animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no con-
trolled studies in women and animals are not available.
D There is confirmation of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant may be
acceptable despite the risk.
X Animal and human studies have shown fetal abnormalities. The drug is contraindicated
in women who are or may become pregnant.

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6. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System with Defined Daily Doses
(ATC/DDD)- The purpose of the ATC/DDD system is to serve as a tool for drug
utilization research to improve quality of drug use. The multi-dimensional system
created by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1976, which categorizes the drugs
based on 5 levels.

- Level One describes the organ system the drug treats.

- Level Two describes the drug’s therapeutic effect.
- Level Three describes the mechanism/mode of action.
- Level Four describes the general chemical properties of the drug.
- Level Five describes the chemical components that make up the drug (essentially
the chemical name of the drug, such as finasteride or ibuprofen).
Medicines sound like a pretty good thing, right? In many cases they are as long as
they are used correctly. Too much of a medicine can be harmful, and old or outdated
medicines may not work or can make people sick. Taking the wrong medicine or medicine
prescribed by someone else is also prohibited. It is highly recommended to consult your
doctors first before taking any medication for your own good and safety.
But, do you know who is responsible for the medicine production and safety? The
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency that is responsible for reviewing,
approving, and regulating medical products including pharmaceutical medicine and medical
devices.
Remember! All medicines are drugs, whereas not all drugs are medicines, and the
purpose of medicine is to prevent, alleviate or cure a symptom, ailment, or diseases with
positive impact towards patients.
Are you ready to test your understanding about this module? Well, what are you
waiting for? Perform the different tasks or activities that are intended for you.

Congratulations! You have just re-

ceived your first badge which means
you fully understand the lesson, this
only means you are now ready to ex-
plore for more exciting activities.

11
Independent Activity 1
Medicine VS Drugs
Directions: Compare and contrast medicine and drugs using Venn diagram.
Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

Independent Assessment 1
Metacognition
Directions: Using the words on the word bank complete the metacognition
template for acquiring knowledge. Write your answers on a sheet
of paper.

Negative effects Positive effects Drugs

Biosynthetic Natural Scientist
Medicine Synthetic Semisynthetic

I know that medicine comes from various sources like, (1)____________(2)

__________(3)____________(4)__________.
I know that this substance is used to treat diseases and for relieving pain with its
favorable effect on our health (5)________________.
I know that (6)___________and (7)___________are both poisonous but it depends
on its dosage.
I know that (8)__________have either positive or negative effect on our health.
I know that medicine can be taken as type of (9)______whereas all(10)
_________can be considered as medicine.

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Independent Activity 2
Directions: Match column A to Column B. Write your answers on a sheet of paper.

A B

_____________1. A substance that has similar chemical

characteristics will dissolve in each other. A. Intermolecular forces

_____________2. Most drugs are weak acids and B. Solubility

weak bases. C. Polarity

———————-3. This is the first requirement for D. pH level

drug absorption. E. Permeability

———————-4. This can reduce the surface tension F. Surface Activity

of water at very low concentration.

_____________5. The interactions between enzymes,
receptors and proteins into the
binding sites.

Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Read the following sentences below and fill in with the correct missing word.
Choose your answers on the box below. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

Physical Properties Chemical Properties Lipophilic

Hydrophilic poor absorption high absorption
basic medium Acidic medium weak acids
weak bases Solubility Permeability

1. The __________is the drug that is responsible for its action.

2. To get across most membranes, a drug must be relatively Non-polar or_______ while to
be soluble in water a drug must be Polar or ______________.
3. If a drug has low lipid solubility therefore, a drug has ___________.
4. Acidic drugs dissolves in ___________while basic drug dissolves in __________
5. Most drugs are _________and _________.

13
Independent Activity 3
PART A: Put me in the Right Tract!
Directions: Identify the following categories into the drug classifications they
belong. Write TC if the given category belongs to Therapeutic
Classification, PC for Pharmacologic Classification, CC for Chemical
Classification, AC for Amalgamated classification, and LC for Legal Classification.
Write your answers on a sheet of paper.
————1. Anticoagulant
————2. Vasodilator
————3. Drugs for Nervous system
————4. Heroin
————5. Ecstasy
————6. 2-acetoxybenzoic acid
————7. Anti-inflammatory drugs
————8. Teratogen
————9. Drug Schedule
————10. Controlled Substance

PART B: My Missing Piece!

Directions: Fill in with the correct drug classifications and Uses/Mechanism of
action of the following medicine on the table below. Write your
answers on a sheet of paper.

Medicine Drug Classifications Uses/MECHANISM OF ACTION

Adrenergic Antagonist

Antihypertensive

Anticoagulant

Diuretic

Antihyperlipidemic

14
Independent Assessment 3
PART A: Concept Map
Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms inside the box. Write your
answers on a sheet of paper.

Anticoagulant Drug Trade N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Diuretic Generic Names teratogen

Drug Schedules antianginal antihypertensive

calcium channel blocker Medicine Therapeutic Classification

Pharmacologic Classification Chemical names Legal Classification

Amalgamated Classification Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification

15
Independent Assessment 3
PART B: Keep Me Right!
Directions: Read the statements carefully. On the first blank , draw a cross if
the statement is CORRECT and sun if FALSE, on the second blank
write the correct answer which makes the underlined words incorrect .
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

__________1. The diuretic can lower the plasma volume.

__________

__________ 2. The vasodilator can dilate peripheral blood vessels.

__________

__________ 3. Study shows that the antihypertensive medicine can lower the blood
__________ pressure.

__________ 4. The anticoagulant medicine can influence blood clotting.

__________

__________ 5. The Adrenergic antagonist medicine can block hormonal activity.

__________

Congratulations! Here is your second

badge which means you
survived and enjoyed the
activities that I prepared for you. This
only means that you are now ap-
proaching the last journey of this
module.

16
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Now, let us measure how far have you learned in this module. Complete
the given statements.
The (1)__________ is a substance used in treating diseases or relieving
pain while (2)_________ is a substance that has physiological effect when ingested
into the body.
Medicine has (3)__________on the health while drugs has either (4)
__________ on our health. Medicine are composed of 2 major properties, the (5)
___________ refers to a drug that is responsible to its action while (6)__________
refers to a drug that react extracellularly according to simple chemical reactions.
We all know that (7)____________ is important to ensure the safety of drug
use to achieve the upmost benefit. The (8)__________ has different mechanism of
action while the (9)____________ is a drug that has similar mechanism of action.
Whereas the chemical classifications consist of (10)___________ which is helpful
in predicting physical and chemical properties, (11)______________ are less com-
plicated names and easier to remember than chemical names,(12)__________ is a
short and easy name to be remember.(13)____________ (is known for its non-
steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs while the ((14)_____________is known for its
frequently abuse or high potential for addiction drugs.
Therefore, all medicine are (15)___________________, whereas not all drugs are
medicine.

Rate yourself based on how you answered the “ What I Have Learned” part of this module. You are
given the criteria below. Please do it honestly.

5– I answered the “ What I Have Learned” part without looking or scanning the module.
4– I answered the “ What I Have Learned” part by seldomly looking or scanning the module.
3– I answered the “ What I Have Learned” part by always looking or scanning the module.

It is now time to reveal how honest you are. What is your rating?

MY RATING IS

17
 What I Can Do

Directions: Look for at least 5 medicines found in your home and give their
classifications, Chemical names, Generic names, and Brand names.
Write your answers on your answer sheets.

Medicine Drug Classification Chemical names Generic names Brand names

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Congratulations! You made it to the

third and last badge which means
you fully understood the topics and
survived all the activities that I pre-
pared for you, this only means that
you are now equipped with a huge
knowledge about the properties
and classifications of medicine. Now,
get ready to explore more.

18
 Assessment

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. What is the first requirement for drug absorption?

a. partition coefficient c. polarity.
b. permeability d. solubility
2. To get across to the cell membranes the drug must be a non-polar, how about if the drug
is soluble in water?
a. The drug must be lipophilic. c. The drug must be lipophilic and hydrophilic
b. The drug must be hydrophilic d. all of the choices
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the pH level of drugs?
a. Most of the drugs are weak acids and weak bases.
b. Acidic drugs dissolves in acidic medium.
c. Base drugs dissolves in basic medium.
d. all of the choices.
4. The following are the properties of medicine that plays a vital role in the drug production.
Which of them shows how substance travel through cellular membranes?
a. partition coefficient c. polarity.
b. permeability d. solubility
5. The following statements are true about medicine EXCEPT?
a. It cures the diseases.
b. It does not cause addiction.
c. It has positive and negative effect on the patient.
d. It has positive medical effect on the patient.
6. Which of the following classifications of medicine focuses on the therapeutic usefulness
of treating diseases?
a. Chemical c. Pharmacological
b. Legal d. Therapeutic
7. Which of the following medicine influence blood clotting?
a. anticoagulant c. calcium channel blocker
b. antihypertensive d. diuretic
8. What agency is responsible for the drug production and drug safety?
a. Food and Drug Administration c. IUPAC
b. Official Pharmacopoeia d. U.S. Adopted Name Council

19
9. The therapeutic classification focuses on________.
a. Cardiovascular
b. Pharmacotherapy for Hypertension
c. Therapeutic Application
d. Therapeutic Application and Pharmacotherapy for Hypertension
10. The following are antihypertensive medicines EXCEPT?
a. amlodipine b. losartan c. metoprolol d. pradaxa
11. Which of the following classifications of medicine focuses on similar mechanism of
action on how drug produces its psychological effect in the body?
a. Chemical c. Pharmacological
b. Legal d. Therapeutic
12. Medicine has different functions towards the body system, which of the following has a
CORRECT match?
a. Blocks physiological reactions to stress — Adrenergic antagonist- biogesic
b. Dilates peripheral blood vessels — vasodilator — captopril
c. Lower blood pressure — antihypertensive — nitrate
d. Lowers plasma volume — captopril
13. Heroin and ecstasy are some of the common abusive drugs. Into which drug
classification do they belong?
a. Amalgamated c. Pharmacologic
b. Legal d. Therapeutic
14. Which of the following is CORRECT about drug schedules?
a. All drug schedules has the highest potential for abuse.
b. Schedule I has the highest potential for abuse.
c. Schedule V has the lowest potential for abuse.
d. B and C
15. Which substances is known to cause a defect in an unborn child during pregnancy?
a. ibuprofen
b. motrin
c. simvastatin
d. teratogen

20
 Additional Activity

Directions: This time, you are a great song writer. What you need to do is to com
pose a song that expresses your understanding about properties and
the classifications of medicine as well as their importance. You will be
graded based on the given rubrics.

Excellent Good Fair Poor

Criteria
4 3 2 1
The lyrics are The lyrics are
The lyrics are The lyrics are
somewhat not coherent
outstanding and good and the
Lyrics coherent and and the words
the words are words are
the words are are not
memorable. memorable.
memorable. memorable.
All the
Only one
Content/ information Lacks one Lacks two
information is
Information needed are information. information.
present.
present.
The The
The information The information
information is information is
is well- is slightly
slightly slightly
organized, organized,
organized, organized,
Organiza- grammar and grammar and
grammar and grammar and
tion spelling are spelling are
spelling are spelling are
correct and incorrect and
correct and incorrect and
handwriting is handwriting is
handwriting is handwriting is
legible. not legible.
legible. legible.
The song is The song is not The song is not
The song is
original but original and original and
original and
Creativity slightly slightly does not
provides
provides provides provide
enthusiasm
enthusiasm. enthusiasm. enthusiasm.
The song
takes more The song takes
The song takes The song takes
Length than 2 minutes less than 2
3 minutes only. 2 minutes.
but less than 3 minutes.
minutes.

Rubrics for Song Writing

21
 22
What I Know What's New Independent Activity 1
1. c Part A Answer may vary.
2. c
3. d
4. c
5. b
6. d
7. d
8. d
9. d
10. d
11. c
12. d Part B Independent Assessment 1
13. c 1. Partition coefficient 1. Natural
14. b 2. Therapeutic 2 Synthetic
15. c 3. Medicine 3. Semisynthetic
What’s In 4. Ibuprofen 4. Biosynthetic
1. Bluff 5. Advil 5. Medicine
Ceramic 6. Generic name 6. Drugs
Alloy 7. Pharmacologic 7. Medicine
2. Bluff 8. Drugs 8. Drugs
Ceramic 9. Surface Activity 9. Drugs
Alloy Steel 10. Solubility 10. Drugs
3. Bluff
Carbon Independent Activity 2
Ceramic 1. C 4. F
4. Fact 2. D 5. A
5. Fact 3. B
Answer Key
 23
Independent Assessment 2
Independent Assessment 3
1. Physical properties What I have learned
Part A
2. Lipophilic, hydrophilic 1. Medicine
1. Medicine
3. Low absorption 2. Drugs
2. Pharmacologic Classification
4. Basic medium, Acidic medium 3. Positive effect
3. Therapeutic Classification
5. Weak acids, weak bases 4. Amalgamated Classification 4. Positive or negative
5.Chemical Classifications effect
6.Legal Classification
7. Diuretic 5. Physical properties
Independent Activity 3 Calcium channel blocker
8. Anticoagulant 6. Chemical properties
A.
antianginal 7. Drug classifications
1. TC Antihypertensive
9. Chemical names 8. Therapeutic
2. PC Drug Trade
Generic Name 9. Pharmacologic
3. PC 10.Teratogen
Drug Schedules 10. Chemical name
4. LC
Part B 11. Generic name
5. LC
12. Drug trade
6. CC
13. Amalgamated
7. AC
14. Legal
8. LC
15. Drugs
9. LC
10. LC
B Assessment
1. A
Major Drug
Medicine Uses/MECHANISM OF ACTION
Classifications 2. B
Adrenergic Antagonist Pharmacologic Blocks physiological reactions to 3. A
stress 4. B
Antihypertensive Therapeutic Lower blood pressure 5. C
Anticoagulant Therapeutic Influence blood clotting 6. D
7. A
Diuretic Pharmacologic Lowers plasma volume
8. A
Antihyperlipidimic Therapeutic Lower blood cholesterol 9. A
10. D
11. C
What I can do Additional Activity 12. B
Answer may vary. Answer may vary. 13. B
14. D
15. D
.
 References

AMAD, TARIQ “Pharmacological classification drugs first edition “Accessed April 17, 2021
http://jonspharmacy.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/9/2/21923694/
pharmacological_classification_of_drugs_first_edition.pdf

Clincalc “Therapeutic Drug Classifications” Accessed April 17, 2021

https://clincalc.com/Downloads/Top250Drugs-DrugList.pdf

Hasa “ Difference Between Drugs and Medicine” Accessed April 10, 2021
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-drug-and-medicine/amp/?
fbclid=IwAR0edjMtbgte9Hnn-AW92iXl7Q1a-dyfzB_a9xfsUtQoEPv4Djxbq2TUOuE

Hilmas, Elora PharmD, BCPS “What Medicines Are and What They Do” Accessed April 10, 202
https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/kidmedic.html
fbclid=IwAR1aYmRZvgsyayuvRAL6pwgIDLnYm7tx83uwVu_iWsQgStIDrvXP_fqwkFw

Medicine and Health “ Physicochemical properties of medicine“ Accessed April 10, 2021
https://www.slideshare.net/kymannesurmionii/1-labphysicochemicalpropertieso
fdrugs1fbclid=IwAR1GhNKRaX4vS2hkUQOtrkyci_p8ecvkXF5LxVWsJXT7L0sajxs
wWjLAIAM

Parasuraman, Subramani “Drug classifications” Accessed April 17, 2021

https://www.slideshare.net/ParasuramanParasuraman/drug-classification-
72460110fbclid=IwAR15oXM7hIQo8GVND8Ulwh6FNjWWnv9S0t1Yon4jrtvftqA3lbd
05AcfRg

U.S. National Library of Medicine “ Medicine” Accessed April 10, 202

https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html

24
 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph