IDEAL AND NON-IDEAL SOLUTIONS

Question 1.

Two grams of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 g of benzene, Kf = 4.90 K kg/mol,

produce a freezing-point depression of 1.62 K. Calculate the molar mass.
Compare this with the molar mass obtained from the formula for benzoic
acid, C6H5COOH.

Question 2.

Twenty grams of a solute are added to 100 g of water at 25 oC. The vapor
pressure of pure water is 23.76 mmHg; the vapor pressure of the solution is
22.41 mmHg.

a) Calculate the molar mass of the solute.

b) What mass of this solute is required in 100 g of water to reduce the vapor
pressure to one half the value for pure water?

Question 3.

Ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2, is commonly used as a permanent antifreeze;

assume that the mixture with water is ideal. Plot the freezing point of the
mixture as a function of the volume percent of glycol in the mixture for 0%,
20%, 40%, 60%, 80 %. The densities are: H2O, 1.00 g/cm3, glycol, 1.11
g/cm3. Hfus(H20) = 6009.5 J/mol.

Question 4.
Using the Debye-Huckel limiting law, calculate the value of ± in 10-4 M
solutions of HCl, CaCl2, and ZnSO4 at 25 °C.

Question 5:
The apparent value of Kf in sucrose (C12H22O11) solutions of various
concentrations.

a) Calculate the activity of water in each solution.

b) Calculate the activity coefficient of water in each solution.

c) Plot the values of a and  against the mole fraction of water in the solution.

d) Calculate the activity and the activity coefficient of sucrose in a 1 mol/L

solution.