o 2663 202

CH-9 SoLaTIONS

03SoluHanado the bomoqenlo.ce0minchune.of

tuao a matuSubstance ubada.Compuotian
mis
-Can be uauaed uaËth Cestaio

U Tla subShanet making up th Solutian.ak

dalld campanenß ine Soluutions.
ini Jupeo osotutions baaed an tobal.compon
eaent_tin Nolutians

Binatu soutions
Jetias SolLutions
uaieauySalution3

SolLte
dcomponent uùn ine leaney quan-Rty
CK Solueot
companent din the iauaeyquantity.
(R) hL Solutcn fo uohich uwouteuoeoluent
auicalltd aqueauA SolutionCag.)
(V 1haoe iin uuhich soluent uio OHbe Hbeo
umteu au Callsdiman-aqueauo.Soluhan
Ea-ethe beozene cabon teaa chlot icde
eHnodo Jau ccpzennioa ttbe concentro tiaDo
6oluicna
ooD.peucentoge uolume peycentage
JnemoaD.a tne compenent pe loD be
ol on
Hooss o f - uaos cf Conponent do 3
Oomponen Splion XLOO
Tobo o- Has sol

Uni io_uslus.
Volume 7
Jbeuolume oCepanent pe lOO aui
Dy0Lucme oL h sol

wolume of A Valume o A xLoo

Nol op A+ Uol.ofB

E) uaAD o1 uoluroe peHcentage CuaLN)

1hemaAs dSolite diaAalued D IbOmal
HneSolien IGD ml Soltien
Paxt pe UianCppm
Jbe pat ocempenent pex mmition paf
 solLLtian
ppnA Mans.c conop:A x 10
TotalmaaA o

olasityCHD
Ihemo mmaleo a tho olutedintolued

uoLasiy= Noleo o Solute

Vol solution inUten
wlaan solute MaAo cJolute

Uolasiy IDOO 9Hrm

MolanaAnof XV-
Colute

uclality Cm)
solyAiN o deLfnad ao ma
olalL \ODOg
h e C O L e t e o l i o D o l u e d he
ooleo o
Soluen

Holen colLte xL DTDO

Malality
uaAD of coluent ine
 KLOOOD.o/ka
IMola.maabof.x
90lute

Autole fanctioo
Ratio Ot o caleo.o,ane
panenepr to hatoba no oles.of
Oumaleaxcoentdnth SoLuhian
tol foacticn No. of maleo of companent
Total mo. o ooleo
LolL Pnoa.cticn.a Soute CoCA) M
Ma+me
oluaction.oksoluent Coce)
MA t0.e
Th m of cpoall Paa icn& a au the
compan.en iD aoltian ub aLuau equol
to
CAt e Ms

Ahs mmol
ractionuio undapendlant o
emp 2uo unit Leop
UNoRMALIPY C)
3be mumbe o
Hhe Soute dinolued pe Cqequiunlent
Ute a as sol"
a

NMo equiualent of colute

Uo Oh solu Hon Lteo
T
 unit=g.equeuatent L

9 equialent O soid Hans.oolut

EQuluaent maA
oama&fte changeo uuitb fempeatu
Litu CE)
Jbeo .omula maad.athe
Sotute diosolue pes Gte C he Solufion

Val sotution i terA

Soubit
Sheoapdimun amoun a 8alute Hhat
_can be dinoodued in a spedfit anmound a
souent ata2ped fed dempuokuueAependo
upon ta matui a atute koluent temp
preADuu
2oLubiLi ooid in Gouido
uDbenaaduute dio addod toSoduent t2
Solte diascleo because dto
ipto Han Lquid2 it þavtie-toleo o
Hhe solu ian Aiockiaoe coDcentaaian do
dAD oluution
Sorm Solute pautielS aoLotuihaD
uSiHh Hne oid oXolute £AMA
pR pitoted u
batcl & aet ae
aticn JhPoio caluod cou&talS
 Jhe oluhanunuohich.mo.mol solite.ca
be dioolsedatgiuen
AuL prenb
Conifion a termpesa
RLLO.callidsatuioted
Jhesotutionin hich nalLRolute &
SameOA.caDbe.dADoloed.atgiuen.cond1-
ion oftemp. breabu
sca unsatumlrd
At equitbaiuum
Soluute+SoluenttssduhonSolutAan
Cru3taluliootion
Jbe sbitit o
aloo ecpressedaco mo
Las
Salubiika hicaiuen tna malat concen
raia aa Suhsta nc EnSatuae sslu
tonnolida
E 9hsoubid+
aolid in
a ouidU0

1 Wbtuul oSouute daluent

Soud cuobeliseu uud ih accaudaDce-
Fo LPk diodolue ikea fonic compaund
in bclLe in bola bolute LRk ucte a u
in solubll monpalau ouent ke benzne
he Cu Amilasulu man onic_campOund
asu dolubl in noD-palaHSolueaB buutue
GtH Sotsuol inwat-e

Efecto tempuratuu
hlsouu biUty000ttocuaaae.0udeckLane
ui h unc n tempeatusu
 Solbtt gasia hud
Saeualumo-gao that Can.cliao ue
Aied satam fquic toatumth
h
atutte koLLution c a giuen temppuo.
reabe aomalaxity a moractionN

Sactasua ahectingietubitt a o in Liqud

- kkKO_q.co & the Aaluent
dhs mmant soliblt ganenc
tbane onich chemicall react i h H iaui
Efect to Temptakeue nsolubitity gaa
dacne itndecuooe in tenopematu
reLLs-hi Salubiliky goounhsa
nctuise ëh pxesDLR
wiabe prea Du
hfahet Salu
i
b e quoctitotiue Julotion Nhip bebneanth 5oluin
g a o in a soluent S jeoAoLLL i s giuenb
DenS La h masA a Har Qa diaDolued p
sanit olltLmeo KSaluent Qt a Canstont Lenop
SasirectAopasbionatto HapmeoDuia
aa in equiibaium ualh h saluian
map m-kP
 aanitude ok.depenclo o nautuot he
qa soluent, tempeuaus uniB h
preabuu
Sp Loeube mool aion n hL solutango
a meanusd o Cto-iolubiiky dhenmot fxaction
c Ha aosinthe Soltian o propouticra
D Ha batialprenau Hau aa ose Hha
Soutian
K
KuP CKH=Henruis Canstond)
Henys Lou Jhe pautfia presout athe
aao uin Haa Vapo a io dire CHA propo
Honal o oL sactien as gao in tha
Soluion uni
Aeperds upon-) atue 6 aao
y ughe ualue d Kuat apaslfelahpaesSund
HaR Loue io as Couubiutuo Hacaaoo
Gquid
LiTATION F HeNRYs LAW
i PhrepDuuAbould be loL
epncatu Abould mat be dtoo laus
i19ko0 shouud mat be niah Solublt
iv) aos melhe meact chemica llL L hae
LaeSaluent
Lsoluenk moapsoaiate io
 HeeiCATION OE HENRYs Lau e0
sn.productien.cl caubaca:e beueJ4ag
so.deup. sea diuicg
igh.ostiudeo
( Sn urctionof uno

Jopou prenbusus. Liquid 20uHon

Jh preabus erc eted by Hao UapouUato
he oA Susloc in ne equiGbaium usih
HaL.Liaudata auen 4emp uin CallidvapouY bes
Depedo.uupon.tH matus a quiso HempP
La) vapa preauL Df Gauid couuhien 4 RaouktsLau
aoul lauo"Ata ciuen tempesia tusa foasc
Hon of wolaile auio Jhe patialuapouw prepu
eadb conoponent do olution =Jha brbd
uapou preatus L Cooponent 2
oola hacticnCerdao binasuAustem of tut
vdafr LiquicdAB ith mol ratian
Lppaxtiakpreaous
PA-A pA PB-DCe PA
Acc0dIna o_datcn lous
opotial pre
P-Phd Pa P A pACe Pa
09uDe knous
DLAB-l or CA= -x8

h ph- pn)c.B Raouus Lau

 Pepa

Conclusto
(a Jotal uapou prenbu oue4 be SolutioD Can
be related to Has mmoli cction o any De
Companent
(
Jotal vapou menAuo uasies ntaluuib th
mook uaction aone Componen
( Dependinag n hR bopou renousLR puu Co
ponent,total vapous PYeAbLx Oue Hie solution
diORaoe oSt Lonaoe uiHh Has mole raotaan of
Ccni Comp.anen

at

du

Z Mole LA
Srachon9260
Acc audinq do Poouls LausJh pahal uapou
nAuHL tuo0 Component a 3 b axe otuenao
Pa-paA Pe a a heuulau the
VapoLL Ouu Companeat axe Gnsa q
nefr ool oietion
u ben ta i he iquidd is puxe A PapAx
( Dben Pa= d e he LPauid ló puui B
pAPax0 =0
Raou La o special cabe bepDms lau
io obich kubecame-P
VAPoUR PRESSuRE OF SOLIBs LiQoiLS
ahuapau þreaauu 6 hs ouHooual
fobe Lean tbanhot c pusSclsent.
vopa

P e saluen lbd Saluen

heu uiu be Louneiing uapou
usu
uthe loLOeu ta vopavu preabuLiu 4Hu
uapous prenwú otSolion Solutn
of eoluent in the eolution =uapmLL pzsauLg

Pp
At a gRueo tempeuatuu
apouL preaa of auen
SeluuaeD containing.oon-vala
2otute io diuectk pmperhona
fo
robefrocHon fhe malu actinn
Soluent he
C DEAL And Non-ToEAL SoLuTIONS

Lnysolutionuwhic b obuus he Raoults lauo

eca.ctuy Oueu taL enfre onge aConcentrataon
i o couuud ülLoalsolution Heot chanat on
mibcingtto ,euoCAmir H0 Uolunme
Change C miscRng a 2euo Amibx V0)
9 Bengene 2 Tolune NLLcans 9N= hept
ont Bromo ethant & Todo ehanthlautbenzent
Bacmo benzenL.
Lysoltianuhichcdo matobeyie the Raculs
Lau eoc.actly ouek heentixe nange o
Concentaraticn o Callud man- idtalteot
cbange on matoting ui mot equal to zeuoCAmiuH
0 Uolume Change on mioing uio mot equal
Ho O CAmi t0)9fLapoupMeaDu Omot
idual Solutio-n highek ecicked han.
Rajuts lous tue deulatioA

mole froc Hin mole

Tacron

4Ue desiatfon -Ve deuiaon

 acetani +Ca.
himanl
Eg-Ethulaloohot
+cuclo aceton
ChloroFo
aceton,CClyt

3en tLnaut-e
aLcoho Ethyl alcobo
chLoro-0m Chlauot
~u-ue cq acetan f aceton
chl@rofaanmtnitaic_add
n
diethuletbe Nchyl eEbeu+che.
QneleLoOte nitic odid

Azeotope
Iho Autioo unhch bailA Ot Can&to.at
tempeuotuut2 Con dinU uncha.nge un compad

mLAtHue

Tupes
inimum boilng ShaLa Lauge petasthtt: dttu
deuation rom RaoulK Lauo Fa- hanal+
watr
Maimum b inq- bouo ue deuiodoo ormo
Raoults loua fa VLRc octd woLteu
Coig atiue popEheD
3h phropetties oAouBan ulbich dep
t natu a
otiue propentio Goute aus calltd coli

Impocton
Relatiue ColuSqosiue propouti ea
Louneu&nq u uapou out
eaOu&
()ELeuotion in beilüng baint
3) beboeabioon aalng point
(u Dsmotfc p eaoutu
prVAAU
Relative Loueung un Uapaul
S mon UoLotil thi uapouw
Solute uo

preaauulo Soluutfian _uU be eual fo uapou

preabuuL G Aokuent
P-Pa C P vapou preaAu OSoluept)
Buut accordlinoo RaQulEG Lao Ha vapou
preaAuu SaLuent uo 2Jhi broaluck c
Lta vapouu bmeaau n_bu stote 2 Pi|
mall racticn

P-PA OYp pA PA A
SRoc oCA 1 h vap.cu bmea AuL sol
u always Leao thoun P Jheu fore ne
Lauoeuing uuo vajoouw a0AAuLR
AP PA
APA A pA A
A PnP -ocA

APA B Ah=p-P Tg
p'A p'A