haote1- Aäds bases aad

Salks
PI=IS
ntexPapen
Put 940d itmu pspe_in
tast tubeA by tu0. he allH
Soluhoocc
which Un0s ld tnus Soluhac
h blue ill be a
tAs
dAa osNic soluKos 1he
oaMLd ne CsO nouo be blu Rkonu papea
uxd
aciolie Solufa n feA
Put ha bluu litou Pspe2_olaitentd
n t Nmeiong HeDE ubeA um byabatund
The Sslufio0 was H b litmu apento
Ld oiU be Au aßdic Solutons
iu The Soluiao johich han no ec
mu Papln
Onay-
ul bt neutNsL ald heacu i-
LL be clíslled t e

fg- Jafeu= GutAhons

ut-Lund L_San subta.auua Shoo no bee

Kep lo blcu aad Cop Jenaeln aecause
tHa 2 odhenSOunood-stuA_(aotain
acicds whída caA A0ac h t oetal

oun hegLth àcutely-

add 0acEg LSHh_a net
Tau some znc Jlanules in t teat tub
Adlol cbou diluadill hydnochlofic.
aöd_slouwly Soon Macaoc betweaA
zin ackiochisc acidsKatRanak
 EAuahan=20 t H2s04 zaso4 +H2
Solube
Í_noE
J Lwatea Ohen passed thfoush Soap Solusaa-
e cloennE GAE_ckssohiedia fe and
eas 0h0 bublla _LDotalaog hyos02L0
be destd wiih 4 kulp q buning Splharzn
ntsn d bubblea men iDohng Soulel-Sodld

AS netsl_ Lomoua Aleaned s_Laldiua

ChloiclL t Ga esolLe a heL is CO2-
metilA _Laldum dar Canbone

legustonD (alog ) + 2MLA (A)s lalla (Aqt (02ls

nfe y OuEAthos

Aut)H ion3 aquns SolukBaa an ponSíble

o Qciodic heHGT AL,HAN0,ez gn
0nsinaita ahilL ataal hcahol_
ianla waten
Aad auLOse cda ade ne
The o aldaol and lutose do ad- shous
Adidt chan4 cfn.
Aut2ne nuco Solufoa a n
aGA
plachha t du to 4Le phesea conduc
DantcA CalUed 20sa îc. thangtd
and

dn muu pa pen
Out NR diubaa an addfE k Lomendd
ths- add shouldbe addsd 2aTen
Lwafenis adde t (oncentta aid to cllute
I to a lange no he eolaa
0 n On Thic heat changesso.me AL
Lsatea t steaam explosiely whch can SAlaak-
A_add oa 00eS La On_lothês_and couse
aid b0L

Nhea a ea an addis adodeol

amoun
to_afia,dhln is a ed numbia o
naolhonjumio0L peA veluone t solyhoA
On diluKon th oumbe) ahydaonium ions pla
decaesA
clecnaseA ald ConceasioA
Nolume

hydoxid e ioos l iAnlsses

he cooceats toA
aeo_ ALeA bes is disolko joa a coly n
Sodium hydhoxícle ou it hap/ea> d0 a_
4u(oncuo-
limiacd Ateat oal a a hich
ton heLameA edmort (Onsteo
 -23 ToPx ueotons
p-
Q u w - )

PR Jalus 0 e 4hen indlicateA a0

acidic solutoA , whí 2lata Ahao1
Saclfcaf a basic solufong Siau solu io_
haA mot audhogea ina (onceo fa Kon solu Kon
A_acidic aadsouion B fs b i :

fA.JC)-2) loL A Looceat oKon iona,hiShl

Hh acíelic na tw HuSolu ho -

Ouv-3 Buic Saluaao ha * i00sea.Bd Ahl

a an lem io numbe \ha O ipad
ths is sponsible nc the baic natll

Qup-1 t4 SolA s oo acldic (hasng lo pA) two

i s tnesteol ith mateis Raqufc lime
ceAium oxd) on Slauc lneLcedium
hydnoid on chalu (alclum (anlaonst

Pg-23
Guep- Bleachlag Pocaden
abp SlGuel Rime cao
Sodium
SediumCAnonate

00- Solu hon a Sedium hydogeA Canbanst on

heshngNA sodiu (Snbonst aad C02
He
NaMO3- NagCO Ho0 *COg
Rup5 La Soy 2
plaxte nii Lnyosum
Text £od

0 HCL
03 d lb_m
Hatacid

Au5a Ziac + liluti sulphun acid 2ioc. Sulphste.

+ hyánose0
Zal)+H SOy laa)-z0so, laa) H2 s)-
b Ma9neum albboq t dilHdnochloKLacid
Ma sneAiug chloide hyao3en
mscl2 la H,ls
cAlumAun_Posden dil sulfaui acial
aluminium suuphat + hydogea
2AL 3 Hsay AlSes- 342

Thaa illag tdil: hydaochloaic acid

Penie_ChlonidLA hydlnoge2a
2fe LHCO E 2Fla + 3H

ut-6)Aciuid4 2 uwaittra)
 Disbled_wata caa no_(o0ducd electricit dul o
h ahse a o any iooic (ompauncl pneeA ia it-
ciaoatn_Can conducE Jlectricity becaue 1-
Poam Cnboi acid due o_Lanbt clioide Lhea
EausCanbodie acid lonmsion shich alouoA
Madaoafe tu Conduu llectricíty
Acidic behauio la cdlu to 4
neDenUC
hy.anogea ioa Jheae _an onmeol oaly loi
Pnesead watea Siae waten fs abseat
hydogea ioai Ccana be laamed ancl acidic.
behauon is_ast shoon

4asolutioa D b)Solutioa B )Saluution

dd_Solutiaa A Le Soludoa E

Ezzlng nil accun mOALyigounoudly iaHept tube_

A Hc is a stronge_aàd Lsheaz nene as
acetic aciol (cg Coou is a seak aid: So
hdnoea is pinduceol mohL in tusE tube_A
heo ie izzeA mot

O o ilK will au belou aa it Haastu

CNddu to H pahmatsa lacic add

H e He make h_Aah nllk slightly el hallae Ao tns

i t doeA not geE Soulquúck du to i oma hoa
C achc acd
b h e slhaha milk tcekea alagen ihe ha sOE
a tktcwnd because ha la cic agld ha to
neutralice alHeacly pHeAerE_aAKali iAt.
3 Plasfen _pasib should be stogad ia amoisfuule=
pMDo Confaneh because iL it ConeA aith oatiaL
i aitl sfaaE to handen anol seE
aad_wilL.
betome useless alte a Lshilu
aH Me 1lGchoa bekoeco_acid cnd baie ohma
Salt aad uOefen uaouoo a a 0euslisng
MGchioo Ex- NaOH+uCA NacL+ H_Q
2KoH_t H,soy kSOy t 240

Q5 Bakiag Soca OlEisused a aa 1agudien

in aataciolA
T e is uwed ia 2 soda-acid
in exAoguisheaA
esliaSocla 0 Te is wed inglass soap
papeninduatiA_
Eiwed Aan aenosiag penmaae
haolneA aaten.
1Os/2

Chap-2Hdids basts aod salts

Ach 2

Sample saluhons Red ltous bl kmus

Phenolphtaleinns
SolutinaSoluHonsoluhon Methylona
HC No thange Lolounl» , Red
HSDy No changLRecl (ol bualA Re2d
No NO chan4 oJounltM Red
C C0.0H(aceke
Ccid) NachanzeRed No chan9e, Ped
NaOH l u No change Pink, yesdo-
INochang finu jello
KoM 8lue NoCnang Rnk 2 jellao
M )z gla No(haa2e inu, 4elas
NA OM NO_ change Pinu yetbo

Conclusio0- Aid tunc blus itmw Qda0d

MeHhy 0Ma0gA soluhon to md_
8ase tans Asd litmu bluegphenolhalia
Solutoo pin Ond methyle oMangs saluion

KOLacfoy indfcato-These ar same substane

- i whos 0daux changes aactdi o beic
meoliq
 Aciity 2:2

OosenChoS a Onion Naailla_and clout

oll loe
heln Sm Mea they (ome10 Lontau win
hast): The Sme_9emadAg Hha same uih aclels

(oncuEion nia aUa and clala oidall caa be

Usld aA olfactoy indica tosi o odetect base

Acity:3 (Reackon in ith acid

obsenjabo0-Bubblea (ome o iaunouLsth
St9ron9 adds. nas bunns shea candle ragh
nean ir NHh ea aids gan onmatioa t sloc

Equathon - Zn HSO4 2oSOy + H [£xamee

aaclusoa-he metal zinc la ts choe Alactions
displa cen hydnoge.0 anmsom ha adck a
hydnege0 ga asdoAmca a ompougd salt
SAcid +Meral SUt * kydnagea ga

ActRit24 (Reachon a ziacuwith base

Obsen iahon Bubbles come_Ou rom zioc GaaulCA
0al bLaas i h alame

Euaio: 2Na ou (e Zals Na,zaOg (A

*Hsodiu.n 2i0caT
Lsnclucion: Basts do deact sith he tala ta_pc0clutu
hdncgen gas A+hough,such macions a
no possibe Ldith alL_metalg
 Acthoiry2:6( Reoctoo metal conbnaaa
yoogen cGnhaaaa ish_aád)_

OLsen0aion Bubble stas appearia2 {aam ota.

th teAt tulou ohile passing the gaa hfough-
lime Loeten ,it twns miluy
Equaho TesE Mbe A:Nacog 21ls28atl

1est ube : NaHLo+ H Natl +ho +(Oz

On pasing lOp dhtou9h ime Lsatn-

Ca( +(02 lccog +HD

Conclusion Au mete canbonats2 hycnoceA

CnbonaTA ueGc_Lsith Gcids d gi a
(ONEApoaolina SutCanbon adioxole and waten

Metak (anbooctes hydnojeo Lcnboses+

acid 3 SalEt(02t MO

ActNid 26 Reachon etwen adcd an.d base

Phenolphfha lein solafioo tun piak

ObsezNafoo:
if
adldling dilut Socdium hydnoxio
0
addiog diluG HC4u Solufon
lgusatten
beromes_(olowlena a)SLn
 Caocuthon: JhL eeet oabae ia aalie by
an acicd and uL-tosa- Tht uachon hetsen
an acid and a besa qN sslt oad osfa,
his isalso caueaneukeliga hoa 10Gcida.

Adol t Bases Calt+ w«tan

Acivi 2eachoo metal Oidts th_acia

ObseNahgKgheoloun seluhoco beonA
blul4uen(oPpn_oXiclu disokeA The blus
duo b tu fdnmekoo CoPpen

onduers.a Mral icles adt Jaid bac

Xiek Se ihey{acte

(oncusia0 Meral oxdUs_aIact_sith_an_Acd

ie Salts caal eTln

Merah OMcl t aàd Salt t aaTea

X Metalic oldlea a scud bbe bsic oxidts, Sinu they

Nac_with_an aie to gn salti anda t)_Sinhan
to uactoo b a s e wHh acíou

N o metallic OKicles asL aádic_ia nafuL.

 Actvit 28
lseueionghbds i stankgloxaing_io CoAL
aúcla liue HCL and H,S04 but tu budb
cdote no lo a glucoieand achalo alchohol
Soluhoob

(oatusio0 Acio beaumyand SalriouneascAL-

electotica toncducfity q aah by PHoducing-
ioas

Acry2:9

Obsenda ton ha s fum ponduced dont tan bl

itmuaape Ld:
aHhee is o
H O í poduced in gaseou onan
o O oas
watea A limuA papin uoo9tL900
deonot
Sia 4hL í n0wattn ia HcL gas,it
chaca e blua
dissociate iato (rs ioA And doen_nct
litm ALd
hycogea ioak
Alte Combiainq uith 0afen moleules
eist in HALokn hydnaniun ion. [Hao

(oacuybaO (ooteataTe ol
acids and basea nesel aa_
th oloun litmus paEa
aQuoul Meckum fb dhang.

solude ia e Ten_a called

Not Bases_which anL
alkalis.
 AgEity2:/0

Closene ho0 he bothoon o th beaken beroms ho

The uachoa íS ao exofheamniceccbonS SA

Conclutto.0=_Méa9 an aid0 base with oefn

LSult n_decLas ia dtoncenhatHon.
_IaasHaoo pn uiuolme
This pfacsu _Laied dilution aa adol b 5

-
Unnlensal ind+cetoItsamxtnL seens
indic to%:TE shouoi cltLeaLot_Lolaung 4
ditkent (onteaNatioak hydnagen ians Ia a-
Soluton

pH Sale-A a Sala mêasuniag hydn0gen_

ion Conceata Da o jo_a_Solutio l e ca measia
pH genenall hom o(Jyaddie tn 14Ny
auadiaLHigh th hydnonium ion oaentetion-
lousln is pl valun.
 AcHRty 211

loluhoo oloun OF APpa2OA Name

P pape lph val Sulbstaac
Salisa4
neutnal
lbtohemeal
Salila dapeada aidic basi
_(atre meal bl lon Jaod
3onDAuia acidlic
aloulea adeic

asateal aak
5Lonno yMous slighby aádic

b:(oee OAange 4:5 addic

tTamate juiu 0tange 4:3 aciolic
8.ap Nattn nn- b-35- baN
blu
hanic
MNaOH glu-
Ped aidic
lo 1M uL

XAciolh hat giue ÍNL »_ma9 iank a Laic t

be stlang acida

Aids het gm lenA H ioAka1 Sayd to be aeak

acid&

what i add 91ain 2

hhen pH ain Loatez ia leu thea5:6,-
i tis Coled acid Hai
 Actiit21 eH las g o
Ohsenahon h itoate_changea oloun

Coactuha0 pH nohmsk JaiL Mange> betuocen

S 5 t u 5 iau t 4iten papla.
i gnilaSo plaata 1guine pld Mange
5 to 5

Aotaciol=thee neutlalitMe the exces aàd ha-

stamachpaduces auria9 indegeaion
Ma loula í abase alten ustd Lon this_puapose

Toota enameis maciu up Lolciumhydnoxy

Baking Seda gists Alitotm a be-stog

KShoging a_nlktle toduceA mehamic aid

Causogbunoingpatn

Achvity 213
4PotaDAium lpheli k2SOy
wOu Hsoy kso4 t 2M2O
A:Sodium bulphst Na So4+
2NAOH+ 4so4 NaSO4* 24O
5 aliua ulehct la SO4
Caloua+4soy (aso4t240
Magnejum 5uplha MgSoy-
M90ulatHsO4 MosDy+2420
SLoppen Supho (uso4 Sulphate
Culb)a H2 Soy Cu Coy t240JLamil
23,5
S0DIu FAMILY (678)
Sodiuon (hloiou NaCL
NaOu HCA NaLL *H^-
0dium o tnata NaN0g3-
NaOH + dNOg NaNOg H,0
Socun (anbonat Nalog-
ANaoH+ A,COg Na2 LO3 +220
LAagmonium_hlo nIola9 NHL

Chlogid Eaiy a)-

Aciuity 214
Olaseadato0

Salt pH Acids usgd9ose ug&d

Nack HCL Na OH
KN HNO-
HCL AL(Ou) a
H2SO4za(on)a
uSOy i u han HaS0y uCo)a
Soclium autsTmo than (hgco0 NG OLL
da,o- Mo han Ho.(og Na O
paCOg Mo ha a03 Na 0o
 Conclusio0= } Salta s a sttano Qcid_and-
190n base_ans nedha pH Valu A -
Salt aSron9 acid and oeak base
an aCidlie.pH Naluu R_Mo Anan 2

Nhat_ o tu
ChlonAAhaliproceA 2
_Ahea elecfaidt1 bpsAed hfoug co a4e
uosSolutioa e Saclium Chlonid (btiac-
e_detamgase s to atn socliun hydzoxide. Taii
is Called Ahu chlon-aluaki poces.
2AaCRlag) * 2Hgo ( - 2Na0H+(tHa-
(a
Bleachng Pood-his iptaducee by action
Clalohine oa dny slauedl line Bleachingpoaden
Lalona+ Ll2 La02 t H,O

2akiag Socla he coenica Aame_s 1ha

Lo.mlouad is sodlium hydnoen cazbonca NauLDg
T is a mild aaA coHOsie bac saltta
NaC+ Hd+ Co+NHg Nuy a Noanco2

Bakiagpouodle his is a mixtul e baking_Soda

anca_nild edible add uca ctantsni aid
NaMCog t (02* lM0 SociumSslE O aciol
LhanaAy asid

wamhing Sada= Sodium anoonaka_can be

obtain@d by heating baking Socda AeCnystaliischoo
Soclium (anonasL ites DAhiag So.cd
Lpashin9 Soda
 Actvity 215
OpseNa hon= 0n heatiag LuSoybtLam
lolounleAA aad feu dno p GAL LAa
On_adGing wa fenthe Cusoy Laysralk hafo A
it (oloun 2becomeblue agaia-

6nclusiDA=(a Ppen suUphata LAYstak laalai

wat Ltystallis.cioa
uatea e yStalisatiaa is Hh ixeal no
LaTn_noleules pneseat iria badt0Anula-
ui q a salt.

ypaun= thiz Salta pbcea tuo watta malecules

Ar Le _ cystaLuisaioa
LhemicelL fahmulas Caso4 240

Plasreh Panis= 9a heating 94pumCE

313 ie loRes_Lwate2_maleales aacl ecamia
Col ciumSuWphae hemihydna La Soy L2o-
This is _caled Plasteu of anis

So ixing aiin wsten, It Chan9es to gyesum

Oa ag.aia gl.ag a handSalid mass

Casoy,'2 H,o t 1 la HaO Lasa240

plasten_panis 9ypu