National Textile University

B.S. Textile Engineering

Practical Lab Report

Course Code:

Practical No. 02

Title of Practical Study of draft and twist change on ring frame

Student Name Hussnain

Registration No. 18-NTU-0055

6TH
Semester

Section A

Group 1

Submitted to Dr Zulfiqar sb

Abstract:-
We will learn about draft and twist on a ring frame in this lab. The ring frame technique is the
final and most crucial step in the yarn production process. “A ring frame is a machine that turns
roving into the correct yarn count.” We will also learn about the Ring frame gearing diagram and
how to modify draught and twist using the gearing diagram in this lab.

Objectives:-

1. To make the diagram of drafting and twist gearing and identify the change places.
2. To calculate the existing total draft and twist.
3. To change the total draft by 10% and twist by 15%.
4. To calculate the new total draft and twist.
5. To calculate the new total draft and twist wheels required for change in draft and twist.
6. To confirm the new total draft and new twist by speed observation.

Introduction:-

Theory:-

The ring frame process is the last and the most important process in the yarn manufacturing
process. “The machine which converts the roving into desired yarn count is called ring frame”. It
is the most commonly used method in yarn manufacturing process. The final yarn of required
count gets spun on the ring frame machine. The roving obtained from simplex machine gets used
as input material in the ring frame process. Three actions (drafting, twisting and package
formation) are performed simultaneously and continuously in the ring frame process. The
material is drafted so many times of its length according to yarn count to be spun. After drafting,
a required amount of twist is inserted to the fibres strand to hold the fibres together strongly.
Now this yarn gets wound onto the ring bobbin. These ring bobbins have very low amount of
yarn on them, so that yarn from these bobbins is transferred on the large package which is called
cone, cheese or spool. This machine is suitable to spun cotton, synthetic and many other fibres
efficiently. The widest range of yarn count can be spun on the ring frame. The yarn produced on
the ring frame machine has very good tensile strength, elongation percentage, yarn evenness and
hairiness properties. The ring spun yarn is more expensive than open end yarn.

Objectives of draw frame

1) The main objectives of ring frame process are given below:

a. To draft the roving up to required level according to the yarn count to be spun.

b. To insert required amount of twist to the fibres strand to hold the fibres together
in the yarn and to prevent the fibres slippage in the yarn too.

c. To wind the yarn onto the ring bobbin simultaneously during spinning.
 d. To spin desired count of yarn finally
Procedure:-

 In this lab firstly we draw a sketch of gearing diagram of Ring frame.

 Then we will observe the drive of Gears. Where and who to transmit drive one to another
gear.
 After this we will observe the DCP gears and count the teeth’s of DCP gears for changed
the draft for our roving standards.
 After this we will noted the existing value of twist and draft.
 Then we will change the DCP and TCP gears and after changing the gears we will note
the value of draft and twist.
 After noted that value before and after we will count the value of Total draft.
 After calculated the Total draft we will check this draft and twist by speed observations.

Diagram of Roving frame:- Gearing diagram of roving frame:-

Observation and calculations:-

Formulas:-

Surface spedd of Front roller

Total draft=
Surface spedd of back roller

spindle speed
Twist per inch=
surface speed of front roller

surface speed =π × d × n

Readings:- (Before)
 Speed of front roller = 223.8 rpm
 Spindle speed = 12493 rpm
 Front roller diameter = 27 mm (1.063inch)
 Note: all bottom rollers have same diameter
 Speed of back roller = 7.75 rpm
 Speed of middle roller = 14 rpm
 Old DCP = 64 T
 Old TCP = 61T

Surface speed:-
surface speed=π × d × n

surface speed of front roller = 3.14×1.063×223.8

= 745.3 rpm

surface speed of back roller = 3.14×1.063× 7.75

= 25.86 rpm

surface speed of middle roller = 3.14×11.063× 14

= 46.7 rpm

T.P.I:-
spindle speed
Twist per inch=
surface speed of front roller
 12493
Twist per inch=
223.8

Twist per inch=16.76

Total draft:-
Surface spedd of Front roller
Total draft=
Surface spedd of back roller

223.8
Total draft=
7.75

Total draft=28.8

Change the Total draft:- (10%)

= 28.8×1.1

= 31.68

Change the Twist:- (15%)

= 16.76×1.15

= 19.274

New DCP:-
(old DCP × old Draft)
New DCP=
new draft

(64 ×28.8)
New DCP=
31.68

New DCP=58.18

NewTCP:-
(old TCP × old TPI )
New TCP=
new draft
 (61× 16.76)
New TCP=
19.27

New TCP=53

Observation:- (before)
 Surface sped of front roller = 745.3 rpm
 Surface sped of back roller = 25.86 rpm
 Surface sped of middle roller = 46.7 rpm
 Total draft = 28.8
 T.P.I = 16.76
 10% of Total draft = 31.68
 15% of Total draft = 19.27
 New DCP = 51.18
 New TCP = 53

Readings:- (After)
 Speed of front roller = 193.5rpm
 spindle speed = 12494 rpm
 Front roller diameter = 27mm (1.063inch)
 Note: all bottom rollers have same diameter
 Speed of back roller = 6.13 rpm
 Speed of middle roller = 11.15 rpm
 Old DCP = 64T
 Old TCP = 61T

Surface speed:-
surface speed =π × d × n

surface speed of front roller = 3.14×1.063× 193.5

= 645.86rpm

surface speed of back roller = 3.14×1.063× 6.13

= 20.46rpm

surface speed of middle roller = 3.14×1.063× 11.15

= 37.21rpm

T.P.I:-
 spindle speed
Twist per inch=
surface speed of front roller

12494
Twist per inch= =19.34
645.86

Total draft:-
Surface spedd of Front roller
Total draft=
Surface spedd of back roller

645.86
Total draft=
20.46

Total draft=31.56

Change the Total draft:- (10%)

= 31.56×1.1

= 34.716

Change the Twist:- (15%)

= 19.3×1.15

= 22.195

New DCP:-
(old DCP × old Draft)
New DCP=
new dr aft

(64 ×28.8)
New DCP=
31.68

New DCP=58.18

NewTCP:-
(old TCP × old TPI )
New TCP=
new TPI

(61× 19.2)
New TCP=
22.195
 New TCP=¿ 53.98

Observation:- (After)
 Surface sped of front roller = 745.3 rpm
 Surface sped of back roller = 46.7rpm
 Surface sped of middle roller = 25.86 rpm
 Total draft = 31.56
 T.P.I = 19.2
 10% of Total draft = 34.716
 15% of Total draft = 22.195
 New DCP = 58.18
 New TCP = 53.98

Conclusion:-
In this practical we learned about the drives of Gears, Draft and twist. After performing this
practical we will conclude that if we changed the DCP and TCP gears then the draft and twist
will be automatically changed.