Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Pre-Calculus

The National Museum of Natural History is the national natural museum of the Philippines. It is
located at Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park. A masterpiece that utilized geometric art called ‘’Tree of
Like” is now seen at the center of the museum. This amazing design was created by a group of
Filipino architects headed by Dominic Galicia. It symbolizes the evolution of all living species
on earth being related and unique. Photo credits to MP Lifts

Quarter 1 Week 1 Module 1

Learning Competencies:
1. Illustrates the different types of conics: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola
and degenerated cases;
2. Defines circle;
3. Determines the standard form of a circle;
4. Graphs a circle in a rectangular coordinate system.
(STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1,2,3,4)
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other
tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple
instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit.

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and
keep that in mind.
3. Answer all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying and have fun!

Parts of the Module

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that
you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking
and other competencies. This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
 Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 A MODULE ON CONICS
(Pre-Calculus, STEM STRAND)
In this module, you will go through the following lessons;
Lesson 1 – Circles
1.1 An overview of Conic Section (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1)
1.2 Definition and equation of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2)
1.3 Standard form of Equation of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3)
1.4 Graph a Circle in a Rectangular Coordinate System (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-4)

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

CONIC SECTIONS
A conic section is the intersection of a plane and a cone. Observe the
shape of the slice that results. The angle at which the cone is sliced produces
three different types of conics sections.

There are three basic conics sections: parabolas, ellipses and

hyperbolas. Note that circles are a special type of an ellipse.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A conic that consists of all points equidistant from a selected point called
the center.
a. circle b. parabola c. hyperbola d. ellipse
2. The standard form of the equation of a circle which is centered at the origin
a. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
x2 y2
b.  1 d. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
a 2 b2
3. The equation of a circle centered at (0, 0) and with radius 10 units
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10 b. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 100 c. 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 10 d. 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 100
4. The equation of a circle centered at (-1, 5) and with radius 2
a. ( x  5)  ( y  1)  4 c. ( x  1)  ( y  5)  4
2 2 2 2

d. ( x  1)  ( y  5)  4
2 2
b. ( x  5)  ( y  1)  4
2 2

5. The coordinates of the center of a circle given by the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 35

a. (0, −3) b. (0, 3) c. (−3, 0) d. (0, −35)
6. The graph (𝑥 + 3) + (𝑦 − 1) = 16
2 2

a. b.

c. d.
7. The general form of the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 2
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
b. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
2 2
d. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0

8. The center of the circle whose graph is given.

a. (−4, −1) c. (−4, 1)
b. (4, −1) d. (4, 1)

9. The diameter of a circle given by the equation (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 100

a. 50 units b. 10 units c. 5 units d. 4 units

10. A seismological station is located at (0, -2), 2 km away from a straight

shoreline where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was
determined to be 5 km away from the station. Give the equation of the curve
that contains the possible location of the epicenter.
a. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 52 c. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 52
b. 𝑥 + (𝑦 − 4) = 5
2 2 2
d. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 52
 LESSON 1- CIRCLES

Definition
A circle is consist of all points on the plane equidistant from a fixed
point called the center. The distance from the center to any point on the circle
is constant and is called the radius of the circle.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR

LESSON

Slope of the line

Given line ℓ containing two distinct points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
where 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then the slope 𝑚 of line ℓ is computed as
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚ℓ =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Distance Formula
The distance between two points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), on an
𝑥𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 is given as
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Midpoint Formula
𝑥2 + 𝑥1
𝑥=
2
𝑦2 + 𝑦1
𝑦=
2

ACTIVITY 1: DECODING MESSAGE

Description: This activity will enable you to review slope, distance and
midpoint formula.
Direction: Decode the message by answering the clues below. The answer to
the clues is a two-digit number. Find the tens-digit in the leftmost column
and the ones-digit in the top row then choose the corresponding letter of
intersection.
Message: __ __ __ __ __ __ __
 3 5 7 9

1 S D O N

2 H B F Y

3 M J E G

4 L T A I
1. The x-coordinate of the midpoint of
the segment whose endpoints are
(20, 18) and (26, −20)
2. The distance between the points (2, −8) and (10, 7)
3. The slope of the equation 19𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9
4. The y-coordinate of the midpoint of the segment whose endpoints are
(−4, 30) and (24, 44)
5. The distance between the points (5, 8) and (10, −4)
6. The slope of the line 90𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 30
7. The sum of the coordinates of the midpoint of segment whose endpoints
are (11, 10) and (7, 30)

QUESTIONS
1. What difficulties did you encounter in doing the activity?
2. What is the formula in getting the distance between two
points?
3. How do you compute for the slope of a line?
4. What is a midpoint formula?

1.3 Finding the Equation of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3)

The distance formula can be used to find the equation of a circle with
radius 𝑟. If the radius 𝑟 has endpoints 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘) and 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦), then

𝑟 = √(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 . Square both sides of the equation, to get

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 . This is the standard form of the equation of the circle.
Equation of a Circle Centered at (0, 0)
In the standard form of equation of a circle, (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 , if
ℎ = 0 and 𝑘 = 0, then 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
EXAMPLE 1
Write the equation of a circle in standard form with radius 3 and center at (0,0).
SOLUTION
Using the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 and 𝑟 = 3,
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 32
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗
EXAMPLE 2
Write the equation of a circle in standard form with radius 5 and center at (0,0).
SOLUTION
Since the circle is centered at the origin and 𝑟 = 5, the standard equation of
the circle is: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 52
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

Exercises 1
Write the equation of a circle given the center and radius.
1. Center (0, 0) and radius = 12
2. Center (0, 0) and radius = √5
3. Center (0, 0) and radius = 1.5
 Circles with Center Not at the Origin
EXAMPLE 3
Write the equation of a circle centered at (3, −5) and with radius 6.
SOLUTION
Substitute ℎ = 3, 𝑘 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 6 in the standard equation of a circle.
(𝑥 − 3)2 + [𝑦 − (−5)]2 = 62 Simplify.
(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
EXAMPLE 4
Write the equation of a circle centered at (−1, −4) and with radius √7.
SOLUTION
Substitute ℎ = 3, 𝑘 = −5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 6 in the standard equation of a circle.
2
[𝑥 − (−1)]2 + [𝑦 − (−4)]2 = (√7) Simplify.
(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟕

ACTIVITY 2: THE MAGIC WORD

Directions: Look for the correct coordinates of center and radius for each of
the given equation below.
Write the corresponding letter opposite each equation to form the magic word.

(-11, -1), r=12 (-1, 3), r=2 (-1, 13), r=2 (0, 5), r=6

G R Z M

(9, 0), r=9 (3, 5), r=11 (7, 3), r=√7 (0, 0), r=√11
I A N A

(0, 9), r=9 (-3, -5), r=11

T E

1. (x − 3)𝟐 + (y − 5)𝟐 = 121 ___________

2. x 𝟐 + (y − 5)𝟐 = 36 ___________
3. x 𝟐 + y 𝟐 = 11 ___________
4. (x + 1)𝟐 + (y − 13)𝟐 = 4 ___________
5. (x − 9)𝟐 + y 𝟐 = 81 ___________
6. (x − 7)𝟐 + (y − 3)𝟐 = 7 ___________
7. (x + 11)𝟐 + (y + 1)𝟐 = 144 ___________
 QUESTIONS
1. How did you get the coordinates of the vertex and the length
of the radius of a circle?
2. What conclusion can you make about the coordinates of the
vertex and the length of the radius of a circle?

REMEMBER

Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

The standard form for the equation of a circle with center (h, k)
and radius r is (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
The standard form for the equation of a circle with center the
origin, (0, 0) and radius r is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
Conversely, the graph of an equation in this form is a circle with
center (h, k) and radius r.

The General Form of the Equation of a Circle

We expand the standard form (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2 , to get
𝑥 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑘𝑦 + 𝑘 2 = 𝑟 2 Arrange the terms of the given
product.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2ℎ𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑦 + (ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 −𝑟 2 ) = 0 Use A to represent the coefficients
of 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 2 term, D for the
coefficient of 𝑥 term, E for 𝑦 term
and F to represent the constant.
We have 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑨𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, 𝐴 ≠ 0 as the general form of the
equation of the circle.

ACTIVITY 3: FIND MY PARTS

Description: This activity will enable you to review completing the square.
Directions: Choose inside the box the missing part to each solution.
4
√5
1. Find the roots of 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 11 = 0.
Solution: −4 − √5
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = ___________ 16
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + ______ = __________ -11+16
(𝑥 + ____)2 = 5 -5
𝑥1 = _____ and 𝑥1 = _____ −4 − √27
-11
−4 + √5
−4 + √27
 9
4
3
2. Find the roots of 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2 = 0. 2
Solution: 27
−2 +
4
3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 = ___________
-2
3(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + ______ = __________
27
19 −2 −
4
3(𝑥 − ____)2 =
4
9 + √57
2
3 6
𝑥− = _______
2
9 − √57
𝑥1 = _____ and 𝑥2 = _____ 6
19
12

REMEMBER

The General Form of a Circle

The general form of a circle is 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑨𝒚𝟐 + 𝑫𝒙 + 𝑬𝒚 + 𝑭 = 𝟎, where 𝐴 ≠ 0.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR

LESSON

Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

(A Recall)
1. Rewrite the equation (if needed) so that the coefficient of 𝑥 2 is 1
and only 𝑥 2 - and 𝑥-terms are on the left-hand side.
2. Add the square of one-half the coefficient of 𝑥 to each side of
the equation.
3. Write the left-hand side as a square of a binomial and simplify
the right-hand side.
4. Use the Square Root Property.
5. Solve for 𝑥 and simplify if necessary.
EXAMPLE 5
Identify the center and the radius of the circle with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 5.
SOLUTION
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 = 5 + 4 Use completing the square.
(𝑥 − 2)2 + 𝑦 2 = 9 Simplify.
Therefore, the center is at (2, 0) and 𝑟 = 3

EXAMPLE 6
Write x  2   y  1  9 in general form.
2 2

SOLUTION
x 2  4x  4  y 2  2 y  1  9 Expand the square of a
binomial.

x 2  y 2  4x  2 y  4  0 Simplify and arrange the

terms.
Exercises 2
1. Write an equation of a circle in the standard form if the center is at (-1, 0)
and radius = √3
2. Express in the general form the equation of the circle in number 1.
3. Given 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0, give the center and radius of the circle.

1.4 Sketching the Graph of a Circle (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-4)

EXAMPLE 7
Sketch the graph of a circle with radius 3 and center at (0,0).
SOLUTION
Let C to represent the center of the circle at (0, 0), from point C move 3 units
up, down, to the left and to the right. The graph of the circle is shown below.
EXAMPLE 8
Sketch the graph of a circle with radius 5 and center at (0,0).
SOLUTION
Let C to represent the center of the circle at (0, 0), from point C move 5 units
up, down, to the left and to the right.

The figure shows the graph of the equation x  y  25 , with center at

2 2

(0, 0) and radius 5.

EXAMPLE 9
Sketch the graph of the equation x  3   y  1  36 .
2 2

SOLUTION
From the given equation of the circle, the center is at (3, −1) and radius is 6
units. Plot the center and move 6 units upward, downward, to the left and to
the right of the center.

EXAMPLE 10
Sketch a graph of the equation x  10 x  y  4 y  8  12 .
2 2

SOLUTION
Begin by completing the square for the x-terms grouped together and the y-
terms grouped together.
 x 2  10 x  y 2  4 y  8  12 Group the x-terms, y terms
and constants.
( x 2  10 x  )  ( y 2  4 y  )  8  12 Complete the square, adding
the additional terms to each
side of the equation.
( x 2  10 x  25)  ( y 2  4 y  4)  8  12  25  4 Rewrite in factored form.
( x  5) 2  ( y  2) 2  49

From this standard form, we see that the center is (-5, 2) and the radius
is 7. So locate the center, then locate four points on the circle, 7 units left,
right, up and down from the center.
The figure below shows a circle with the center at (-5, 2) and radius 7.

Exercises 3
1. Sketch the graph of a circle centered at (5, -2) and radius = 2.
2. Given (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25, sketch the graph.
3. Given 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0, sketch the graph.

PROBLEM SOLVING AND APPLICATIONS

EXAMPLE 11
Find the standard equation of the circle whose diameter has endpoints
(−5,3) and (7,11).
SOLUTION
We use the midpoint formula to find the coordinates representing the
𝑥 +𝑥 −5+7 2
midpoint of the diameter. We have, midpoint of 𝑥 = 1 2 2 = 2 = 2 = 1 and
𝑦1 +𝑦2 3+11 14
midpoint of 𝑦 = = = = 7. Therefore, the midpoint of the diameter of
2 2 2
the circle is at (1, 7). The coordinates of the midpoint of the diameter is the
center of the circle.
Next we use the distance formula to find the length of a segment whose
endpoints are (1, 7) and (7,11). We have,
length = √(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )2
= √(1 − 7)2 + (7 − 11)2
= √(−6)2 + (−4)2
= √36 + 16
= √52 = ±2√13.
We consider the positive value. Therefore, the length of the segment is
2√13 and is equal to the radius of the circle.
Using the center (1, 7) and radius 2√13 units, the standard form of the
2
circle is (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = (2√13) or (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 52.

EXAMPLE 12
A seismological station is located at (0, -4), 4 km away from a straight
shoreline where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was
determined to be 6 km away from the station.
(a) Find the equation of the curve that contains the possible location of
the epicenter.
(b) If furthermore, the epicenter was determined to be 1 km away from
the shore, find its possible coordinates (round off to two decimal places).
SOLUTION
Since the epicenter is 6 units away from (0, -4), it could be any points of
a circle with center (0, -4) and radius 6. The equation is then 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 62 .
Next, solving for x when 𝑦 = 1, we get,
𝑥 2 + (1 + 4)2 = 62 ,
𝑥 2 = 62 − (1 + 4)2 = 11,
and so 𝑥 = ±√11 ≈ ±3.31.
Solving for x when 𝑦 = −1, we get,
𝑥 2 + (−1 + 4)2 = 62 ,
𝑥 2 = 62 − (−1 + 4)2 = 27, and so
𝑥 = ±√27 ≈ ±5.2.
The possible coordinates on the curve of the epicenter are (4.9, 1),
(−4.9, 1), (5.2, − 1), and (5.2, −1).

ACTIVITY 4: PERFECT MATCH!

Directions: Write the correct steps in writing an equation of a circle in

standard form by matching the correct sentence to the expression.
Mathematical Symbols
( x  4) 2  ( y  3) 2  36
( x 2  8x  )  ( y 2  6 y  )  11
( x 2  8x  16)  ( y 2  6 y  9)  11  16  9
 Group the x-terms, y terms and constants.
Rewrite in factored form.
Complete
Steps the square,
in writing adding
an equation inthe additional
standard terms
form: 𝑥 2 + to
𝑦 2 each
+ 8𝑥 −side of11
6𝑦 − the
=0
equation.

Mathematical Symbols In words

STEP 1. __________________________ ___________________________________
STEP 2. __________________________ ___________________________________
STEP 3. __________________________ ___________________________________

QUESTIONS
1. What did you feel while answering the activity?
2. Did you encounter difficulties in answering the activity?
3. How did you overcome these difficulties?

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Write an equation of the circle with the given center and radius
1. Center (0,0), r=4
2. Center (0,0), r=2
3. Center (1,5), r=12
4. Center (4,-9), r  27
5. Center (-15, 20), r  8
II. Find the center and the radius of the circle described by the equation.
6. x  y  81
2 2

7. x  y  19
2 2

8. x  ( y  2)  49
2 2

9. ( x  7)  ( y  5)  56
2 2

10. ( x  2)  ( y  9)  70
2 2

III. Sketch the graph of the following equation.

11. x  y  100
2 2

12. ( x  10)  ( y  4)  25
2 2

13. x  ( y  8)  36
2 2

14. ( x  12)  y  144

2 2

IV. Write the following equations in standard form.

15. x  y  6 x  7  0
2 2

16. x  y  10 x  16 y  55  0
2 2

17. x  y  12 x  8 y  16  0
2 2

18. x  y  4 x  18 y  35  0
2 2
 19. x  y  6 x  12 y  19  0
2 2

20. x  y  8 y  9  0
2 2

V. Problem
21. Find the equation of the circle whose center is (5, −2), the midpoint of
the segment joining the center and one of the points on the circle is (−2, 1),
22. A single–lane street 10 ft wide goes through a semicircular tunnel with
radius 9 ft. How high is the tunnel at the edge of each of the lane? Round off
to 2 decimal places.

23. A Ferris wheel is elevated 1 m above the ground. When a car reaches
the highest point on the Ferris wheel, its altitude from ground level is 31 m.
How far away from the center, horizontally, is the car when it is at an altitude
of 24 m?

POST-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A conic that consists of all points equidistant from a fixed point called the
center
a. circle b. parabola c. hyperbola d. ellipse
2. The standard form of the equation of a circle which is centered at the origin
a. x  k    y  k   r 2
2 2
c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
x2 y2
b.  1 d. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
a 2 b2
3. The equation of a circle centered at (0, 0) and with radius 10 units
a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 10 c. 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 10
b. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 100 d. 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 100
4. The equation of a circle centered at (-1, 5) and with radius 2
a. ( x  5)  ( y  1)  4 c. ( x  1)  ( y  5)  4
2 2 2 2

d. ( x  1)  ( y  5)  4
2 2
b. ( x  5)  ( y  1)  4
2 2

5. The coordinates of the center of a circle given by the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 35

a. (0, −3) b. (0, 3) c. (−3, 0) d. (0, −35)
6. The graph (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 16

a. b.

c. d.

7. The general form of the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 2

a. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
b. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 d. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
8. The center of the circle whose graph is given below.
a. (−4, −1) b. (4, −1) c. (−4, 1) d. (4, 1)

9. The diameter of a circle given by the equation (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 100

a. 50 units b. 10 units c. 5 units d. 4 units
10. A seismological station is located at (0, -2), 2 km away from a straight
shoreline where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was
determined to be 5 km away from the station. Give the equation of the curve
that contains the possible location of the epicenter.
a. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 52 c. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 52
b. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 52 d. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 52
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Name: __________________________________________________
Direction: Write a reflective learning on Lesson 1 by answering each question
written in a circle. Each circle below represents a petal of a flower. Show your
creativity in accomplishing this task by coloring the flower and fixing your
beautiful selfie in the center. Goodluck!
 WORKSHEET 1

Name: ______________________________
Year and Track: _____________________
Date: _______________________________
Write an equation of the circle with the given center and radius
1. Center (0,0), r=4
2. Center (0,0), r=2
3. Center (1,5), r=12

4. Center (4,-9), r  27

5. Center (-15, 20), r  8

Find the center and the radius of the circle described by the equation.

6. x  y  81
2 2

7. x  y  19
2 2

8. x  ( y  2)  49
2 2

9. ( x  7)  ( y  5)  56
2 2

10. ( x  2)  ( y  9)  70
2 2

WORKSHEET
2
Name: ______________________________
Year and Track: _____________________
Date: _______________________________

Sketch the graph of the following equation.

1. x  y  100
2 2

2. ( x  10)  ( y  4)  25
2 2

3. x  ( y  8)  36
2 2

4. ( x  12)  y  144
2 2
Write the following equations in standard form.

5. x  y  6 x  7  0
2 2

6. x  y  10 x  16 y  55  0
2 2

17. x  y  12 x  8 y  16  0
2 2

8. x  y  4 x  18 y  35  0
2 2

9. x  y  6 x  12 y  19  0
2 2

10. x  y  8 y  9  0
2 2

WORKSHEET 3

Name: ______________________________
Year and Track: _____________________
Date: _______________________________
Problem Solving.
1. Find the equation of the circle whose center is (5, −2), the midpoint of the
segment joining the center and one of the points on the circle is (−2, 1),
2. A single–lane street 10 ft wide goes through a semicircular tunnel with
radius 9 ft. How high is the tunnel at the edge of each of the lane? Round off
to 2 decimal places.

3. A ferris wheel is elevated 1 m above the ground. When a car reaches the
highest point on the ferris wheel, its altitude from ground level is 31 m. How
far away from the center, horizontally, is the car when it is at an altitude of
24 m?
REFERENCES
De las Penas, M. L., et.al. Pre-Calculus. Office of Research and Publication,
Ateneo de Manila, 2006
Demana, F. Intermediate Algebra A Graphing Approach. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1994
Lee, Q. N. Topics in Pre-Calculus. Bookmark, Inc., 1992
Licuanan, P. B. et al. General mathematics. Commission on Higher
Education, 2016
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 109, No. 4, 2012
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 5, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 105, No. 4, 2011
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 2, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 104, No. 3, 2010
Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 101, No. 6, 2008
Quimpo, N. F. A Course in Freshman Algebra. Office of Research and
Publication, Ateneo de Manila, 2005
Vance, E. P. Modern Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., 1984

Acknowledgements

Writer: Irma A. Dellomas MT II, Raja Soliman Science & Technology High School

Editor: John Rainier P. Rizardo, Ed.D.

Reviewer: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math

Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS

Management Team:
Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila,
Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and
Lady Hannah C Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS
ANSWER KEY:
PRE-TEST
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. D 5. a
6. a 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. d
LESSON 1 CIRCLE
Activity 1
1. 23 2. 17 3. 19 4. 37 5. 13 6. 45 7. 29
Message: HONESTY
Exercises 1
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 144 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2.25

Activity 2
1. A 2. M 3. A 4. Z 5. I 6. N 7. G
Activity 3
1. −11, −11 + 16, 4,
𝑥1 = −4 + √5, 𝑥2 = −4 − √5,
𝑜𝑟 𝑥1 = −4 − √5, 𝑥2 = −4 + √5,
9 27 3 19
2. −2, 4 , −2 + 4 , 2 , 12,
9 + √57 9 − √57
𝑥1 = , 𝑥2 =
6 6
9 − √57 9 + √57
𝑜𝑟 𝑥1 = , 𝑥2 =
6 6
Exercises 2
1. (𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑦 2 = 3 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 3. C (3, -2); r = √33
Exercises 3

1. 2.

3.
Activity 4
Step 1. ( x  8x  )  ( y  6 y  )  11
2 2

Group the x-terms, y terms and constants.

Step 2. ( x  8 x  16)  ( y  6 y  9)  11  16  9
2 2

Complete the square, adding the additional terms to each side of the equation.
Step 3. ( x  4)  ( y  3)  36
2 2

Rewrite in factored form.

Exercise
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 6. (0, 0), 𝑟 = 9
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 7. (0, 0), 𝑟 = √19
3. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 144 8. (0, 2), 𝑟 = 7
4. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 9)2 = 27 9. (−7, 5), 𝑟 = √56
5. (𝑥 + 15)2 + (𝑦 − 20)2 = 8 10. (−2, −9), 𝑟 = √70

11. 12.

13. 14.
15. (𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 16 18. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 9)2 = 50
16. (𝑥 + 5)2 + (𝑦 − 8)2 = 144 19. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 64
17. (𝑥 + 6)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 36 20. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 25
Problem
21. (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 232 22. 7.48 ft. 23. 12.67 m
POST-TEST
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. D 5. A
6. a 7. c 8. B 9. b 10. d