I.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Identify the formula in finding the distance and the midpoint;
2. Solve problems involving distance and the midpoint; and
3. Value the importance of cooperation in the class.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Distance formula and Midpoint Formula
B. Reference: Grade 10 Mathematics Book, Mathematics Learning Module,
pp. 234 – 238
C. Materials:

II. Procedure
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Daily Activity
a. Prayer
b. Greetings
c. Checking of Attendance
d. Review

2. Motivation

The teacher will ask the students who among them know how to play chess. The
teacher will ask the students to stand and participate in a game entitled “Human
Chess”. Each square on the chess board is numbered and will be listed on the
board once a player stepped into it. The game will continue until the one group
defeats the other.

B. Developmental Activity

Presentation
The teacher will connect the motivation to the topic

Definition

Distance between Two Points – the distance between two points is always non-
negative. It is positive when the two points are different, and zero if the points are
the same.

The horizontal distance between these points is the absolute value of the
difference of their x-coordinates. Likewise, the vertical distance between these
points is the absolute value of the difference of their y-coordinates.
Example 1. Find the distance between P (3,2) and Q (7,2)

3 P Q
2
1
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Since, P & Q are aligned horizontally, then PQ=|10−3| or PQ = 7

Example 2. Determine the distance between A (4,3) & B (4, -5)

4 A
3
2
1
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-2
-3
-4
-5 B
-6

Points A and B are on the same vertical line, so the distance between them is AB = |3−(−5)|
This can be simplified to AB = |3+5| or AB = 8

The Distance Formula

The distance between two points, whether or not they are aligned horizontally or vertically, can
2 2
be determined using the distance formula, that is √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1
Example 1. Find the distance between A (1,6) and B (5,3)
7 A
6
5
4
3 B
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6

Solution:
To find the distance between A (1,6) and B (5,3), the following procedures can be followed:
a. Let (x1, y1) = (1, 6) and (x2, y2) = (5, 3)
b. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, y2 in the distance formula
2 2
AB = √ x −x
( 2 1) ( 2 1) + y −y
c. Solve the resulting equation
2 2
AB = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1
2 2
=√ ( 5−1 ) +( 3−6 )
2 2
¿ √ (3 ) + ( 4 )
¿ √16=9
¿ √ 25
AB=5
Example 2
Find the distance between P (1,3), Q (6,8)

9 Q
8
7
6
5
4
3 P
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Solution:
To solve for the distance between P (1,3), Q (6,8), the following steps can be followed:
a. Let (x1, y1) = (1, 3) and (x2, y2) = (6, 8)
b. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, y2 in the distance formula
2 2
PQ = √ x −x
( 2 1) ( 2 1) + y −y
c. Simplify the resulting equations
2 2
PQ = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1

PQ = √(3−1)2+( 8−6 )2
PQ = √(2)2+ ( 2 )2
PQ = √ 4+4
PQ = √8
PQ = √ 4⋅2
PQ = 2 √2
Example 3
Draw a triangle with vertices A (-1, -7), B (5,5), C (-2, 1). Show that the triangle is isosceles.
6
5 B
4
3
C 2
1
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A -7
-8

To show that the triangle is isosceles, we must solve for the distance between Point B & A, Point
C & A, and Point C & B, we must have two sides with equal distance.
a. Let (x1, y1) = (5, 5) and (x2, y2) = (-1, -7)
b. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, y2 in the distance formula
 2 2
BA = √ x −x
( 2 1) ( 2 1) + y −y
c. Simplify the resulting equations
2 2
BA = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1

BA = √ (−1−5 )2+ (−7−5 )2

BA = √ (−6 )2+ (−12 )2
BA = √ ( 36 ) +( 144 )
BA = √ 180
BA = √ 36⋅5
BA = 6 √5

d. Let (x1, y1) = (-2, -1) and (x2, y2) = (-1, -7)
e. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, y2 in the distance formula
2 2
CA = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1
f. Simplify the resulting equations
2 2
CA = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1

CA = √[−1(−2)]2 +(−7−1 )2
CA = √ (1 )2+(−8 )2
CA = √ 1+64
CA = √ 65
CA ¿ 8 .06

g. Let (x1, y1) = (-2, 1) and (x2, y2) = (5, 5)

h. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2, y2 in the distance formula
2 2
CB = √ x −x
( 2 1) ( 2 1) + y −y
i. Simplify the resulting equations
2 2
CB = √ ( x −x ) +( y − y )
2 1 2 1

CB = √[ 5−(−2 )]2+( 5−1 )2

CB = √ (7 )2 + ( 4 )2
CB = √ 49+16
CB = √ 65
 CB ¿ 8 .06

∴ Point C & B and Point CA have the same distance, therefore, the triangle is isosceles

The Midpoint Formula

If L (x1, y1) and N (x2, y2) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the midpoint, then the
x1+ x2 y1+ y2
coordinates of
M= [ 2
,
2 ] . This is also referred to as the midpoint formula.
10
9 N
8
7
6 M
5
4
3 L
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Example 1

The coordinates of the endpoints of LG are (-3, -2) and (8, 9), respectively. What are the
coordinates of its midpoints?

Solution:

a. Let x1= -3, y1= -2, x2, = 8, y2 = 9

b. Substitute these values in the formula
x1+ x2 y1+ y2
M= [2
,
2 ]
−3+8 −2+ 9
M= [ 2
,
2 ]
5 7
[ ]
M= ,
2 2
Example 2

Determine the Midpoint of A (1,6) and B (5,3)

x1+ x2 y1+ y2
M= [ 2
,
2 ]
1+5 6+3
M= [
2 ]
,
2
9
M= 3 ,
[ ]
2

Example 3

Solve for the Midpoint of P (1,3), Q (6,8)

x1+ x2 y1+ y2
M=
2[ ,
2 ]
1+6 3+8
M=
2 [,
2]
7 11
M= ,
2 2 [ ]
III. Generalization
The teacher will ask the students some questions about the topic;
1. What is the formula in finding the distance and the midpoint;
2. How do solve for the distance and midpoint?
3. Why is cooperation important as you solve or perform the activities we just
did in class?

Application
The teacher should think and cite examples of the real-life application of the
topic

IV. Evaluation

1. Show that the triangle with vertices (-2, 1), (0, -2) & (1, 5) is a right triangle and
solve for the midpoint of each side.

V. Assignment
The teacher will ask the students to research about the Equation of a Circle in
preparation for their next topic.
Prepared by: