ME354

Thermodynamics 2 Name:

Quiz #2 - T01: ID #:

Problem: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 M P a, 600 ◦ C,

and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kP a, 100 ◦ C, and 140 m/s.
If the power output of the turbine is 5 M W , determine:
(a) the reversible power output [kW ] and
(b) the second-law efficiency of the turbine.
Assume the surroundings to be at 25 ◦ C.

Assumptions

1. SS-SF
2. heat loss to the surroundings is negligible
3. P E → 0 but NOT KE

Part a)
From a 1st law energy balance on the system

Ėin − Ėout = ΔEsystem

0 steady state
   
V12 V22
ṁ h1 + = Ẇout + ṁ h2 +
2 2
1 mark
 
V11 − V12
Ẇout = ṁ h1 − h2 +
2

where for Table A-6

inlet: state 1 −→ @P1 = 6 M P a and T1 = 600 ◦ C

h1 = 3658.8 kJ/kg
1 mark
s1 = 7.1693 kJ/kg · K

exit: state 2 −→ @P1 = 50 kP a and T1 = 100 ◦ C

h1 = 2682.4 kJ/kg 1 mark

s1 = 7.6953 kJ/kg · K
 Therefore
  
(80 m/s)2 − (140 m/s)2 1 kJ/kg
5000 kJ/s = ṁ 3658.8 − 2682.4 +
2 1000 m2 /s2
2 marks
ṁ = 5.156 kg/s

The maximum power output is given as

Ẋin − Ẋout − Ẋdes

0 = ΔẊsystem
0 (steady state)

Ẋin = Ẋout

ṁψ1 = Ẇrev,out + ṁψ2

Ẇrev,out = ṁ (ψ1 − ψ2 ) 1 mark

= ṁ[(h1 − h2 ) − T0 (s1 − s2 ) − ΔKE − ΔP E

0 ]

If we assume that ΔKE = 0, then

Ẇrev,out = (5.156 kg/s)[3658.8 − 2682.4 − (298 K)(7.1693 − 7.6953) kJ/kg · K]

= 5842 kW ⇐

Or if we assume that ΔKE = 0, then 2 marks

Ẇrev,out = (5.156 kg/s)[3658.8 − 2682.4 − (298 K)(7.1693 − 7.6953) kJ/kg · K

 
(80 m/s)2 − (140 m/s)2 1 kJ/kg
+
2 1000 m2 /s2

= 5808 kW ⇐

Note: either solution is acceptable

Part b)
The second law efficiency is

Ẇout 5000 kW
η2 = = = 85.6% for KE = 0
Ẇrev,out 5842 kW
2 marks

Ẇout 5000 kW
η2 = = = 86.1% for KE = 0
Ẇrev,out 5808 kW

Note: either solution is acceptable