POSSIBLE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS RELATED ON LAND RIGHTS
Issues/Incidents/Concerns
(Possible scenarios or incidents in Agrarian
Communities or involving Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries violating their land rights)
1. Demolition of properties of Agrarian Reform
Beneficiaries (ARBs) or Potential ARBs with
Court Order i.e., Writ of Execution for
Demolition
Demolition- Refers to the dismantling by the
Local Government unit (LGU), any legally
authorized agency or personnel of the
government of all structures within the premises
subject for clearing.
Court Order- refers to a writ of eviction and/or
demolition issued by a court of competent
jurisdiction.
2. Demolition of properties of Agrarian Reform
(ARBs) Beneficiaries or Potential ARBs
Without Court Order i.e., privately initiated
using hired goons or blue guards
Recommended Actions
(Important things to do when you are in this
situation)
With Court Order
1. Avoid violent actions
2. Ensure your own safety, your family
and property while doing the
following:
3. Secure copy of pertinent documents
especially Court Order and verify
authenticity and content of the order
(Names, Address, Date of Effectivity
and Validity)
4. Document the incidents e.g. Take
picture and videos, secure witnesses
and names and composition of the
demolition team
5. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents
from Barangay and Police
6. If there’s possible violations during the
demolition process you may seek
appropriate legal actions from
concerned agencies
1. Avoid violent actions
2. Ensure your own safety, your family
and property while doing the
following:
3. In the absence of the court order or
any pertinent supporting the
demolition process the community/
victim must demand for a court order.
4. In the absence of the court order or
any pertinent documents supporting
the demolition process the community
or victim may explore possible Meta
Concerned Agencies
(List of Agencies responsible to render assistance of the
case or in the situation)
With Court Order
 Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports (R.A.
7160, section 384)
 Philippines National Police (PNP) to secure
Blotter Reports (Rule no. 1, PNP Manual)
 City/ Municipal LGUs to provide support to the
victims especially onsite relocation.
 Department of Interior and Local Government
when the LGUs neglected your concerns.
 Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) for Legal
Assistance and when the structure is in CARP
covered area.
 Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports
 Philippines National Police (PNP) to secure
Blotter Reports
 City/ Municipal LGUs to avail support
 Department of Interior and Local Government
when the LGUs neglected your concerns

Example:
3. Demolition happened in the absence of the
aggrieved party/Farmers/ARBs
4. ARB to ARB Opposing claims
legal tactics without compromising the
safety of the community.
Barricade the Area
Human Chain
Noise Barrage
5. Seek media Attention
6. Document the incidents e.g. Take
picture and videos, secure witnesses
and names and composition of the
demolition team
7. Make sure to blotter incidents from
Barangay and Police
8. If there’s possible violations during the
demolition process you may seek
appropriate legal actions from
concerned agencies
1. Avoid violent actions  Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) for Legal
2. Document the incidents e.g. Take Assistance
picture and videos, secure witnesses  Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports
and names and composition of the  Philippines National Police (PNP) to secure
demolition team Blotter Reports
3. Secure copy of pertinent documents  Department of Interior and Local Government
especially Court Order and verify when the LGUs neglected your concerns
authenticity and content of the order  City/ Municipal LGUs to avail support
(Names, Address, Date of Effectivity
and Validity)
4. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents
from Barangay and Police
5. Ensure your own safety, your family
and property
6. If there’s possible violations during the
demolition process you may seek
appropriate legal actions from
concerned agencies
1. With Court Order follow similar steps  Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) for Legal
above Assistance
2. Without Court Order follow similar  Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports
steps above  Philippines National Police (PNP) to secure

5. Encroachment/Pagpanglaksam
6. Boundary Dispute
Encroachment in CARP awarded land
1. File complaint at Barangay Agrarian
Reform Council (BARC) for mediation
and prepare EP/CLOA and Approved
Survey Plan to support your claim.
2. If not settled in BARC level, BARC
Chairperson will endorse the case to
Department of Agrarian Reform
Municipal Office
3. The Municipal Agrarian Reform
Program Officer (MARPO) will conduct
investigation and mediation
4. If not settled in mediation, MARPO to
request Relocation Survey with the
assistance of concerned agencies in
awarded area.
Encroachment in DENR Awarded land
1. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents
from Barangay and Police
2. File a complaint at Community
Environment and Natural Resources
Office (CENRO) and make sure that it
is supported with Tenurial Instrument
and other pertinent documents.
3. Make sure that CENRO will conduct
investigation about your concern.
Boundary Dispute in CARP Awarded
Land
1. File complaint at Barangay Agrarian
Reform Council (BARC) for mediation
and prepare EP/CLOA and Approved
Survey Plan to support your claim or
complaint.
2. If not settled in BARC level, BARC
Chairperson will endorse the case to
Blotter Reports
 Department of Interior and Local Government
when the LGUs neglected your concerns
 City/ Municipal LGUs to avail support
Encroachment in CARP awarded land
 Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports on
encroachment activity
 Barangay Agrarian Reform Council (BARC) to
conduct primary investigation
 Department of Agrarian Reform Municipal Office
(DARMO) to conduct investigation and
recommend appropriate actions
 PNP to assist concerned agencies to conduct
Relocation Survey when needed
Encroachment in DENR Awarded land
 Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports on
encroachment activity
 Community Environment and Natural Resources
Office (CENRO) to conduct investigation and
recommend appropriate actions
 PNP to assist concerned agencies to conduct
Relocation Survey when needed
 Barangay Agrarian Reform Council (BARC)
headed by BARC Chairperson will conduct
preliminary investigation and mediation activities
 Barangay LGU

Boundary dispute in DENR Awarded
Land
7. Force eviction (the permanent or temporary
removal against their will of individuals,
families and/or communities from the
homes and/or land which they occupy,
without the provision of, and access to,
appropriate forms of legal or other
protection”)
Department of Agrarian Reform
Municipal Office
3. The Municipal Agrarian Reform
Program Officer (MARPO) will conduct
investigation and mediation
4. If not settled in mediation, MARPO to
request Relocation Survey with the
assistance of concerned agencies in
awarded area.
1. File complaint at Barangay Agrarian
Reform Council (BARC) for mediation
and prepare Homestead patent and
Approved Survey Plan to support your
claim or complaint.
2. If not settled in BARC level, BARC
Chairperson will endorse the case to
Department of Agrarian Reform
Municipal Office
3. The Municipal Agrarian Reform
Program Officer (MARPO) will conduct
investigation and mediation
4. If not settled in mediation, MARPO to
request Relocation Survey with the
assistance of concerned agencies in
awarded area.
1. Avoid violent actions  Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports of the
2. Ensure your safety incidents
3. Document the incidents e.g. Take  City LGU
picture and videos, secure witnesses  PNP to secure Blotter Reports of the incidents
and names and composition of the  DILG
group of person s involved  DAR
4. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents  DENR
from Barangay and Police  CHR if state sponsored or related perpetrated
5. Request help from the government to
take appropriate steps to guarantee
immediate investigation and identify

8. Ejectment Case filed against
ARBs/EP/CLOA/Patent Holders (Ejectment is
a common law term for civil action to
recover the possession of or title to land. It
replaced the old real actions and the various
possessory assizes (denoting county-based
pleas to local sittings of the courts) where
boundary disputes often featured. Though
still used in some places, the term is now
obsolete in many common law jurisdictions,
in which possession and title are sued by
the actions of eviction (also called
possession proceedings) and quiet title (or
injunctive and/or declaratory relief),
respectively.
6. Unpeaceful/Unsuccessful
Installation/Displayed CLOA Holders/
ARBs denied access to awarded land
7. ARBs/Farmer Beneficiaries denied
access to right of way
those responsible
6. Seek assurance in written form from
concerned agencies to take necessary
response and ensure proper
consultation with the affected
communities.
1. Secure copy of the ejectment  Barangay LGU to check notices
complaint and notices  City LGU for onsite relocation
2. Seek legal counsel at DAR if you are a  Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD)
CLOA Holder of CARP Beneficiaries  DAR to request certification and other pertinent
and Potential Farmer Beneficiaries documents that will support you as ARBs or
included in Preliminary List or Master Potential ARBs. You may ask also for Legal
List or Amended Masterlist Assistance to represent your case in PARAD.
3. Seek Legal counsel at DENR if you are
rights holder
4. In the absence of any tenurial
instrument to support your occupation
you may Seek legal counsel at Public
Attorney’s Office
5. Seek assurance in written form from
concerned agencies to take necessary
response and ensure proper
consultation with the affected
communities.
1. Secure copies of pertinent documents  DAR to process Writ of Installation and
such as EP/CLOA Preparation Activities
2. Submit request letter for Installation  PNP to assist during Installation Activities
at DAR Provincial Office
3. Seek assurance in written form from
concerned agencies to take necessary
response
4. Ensure Pre-installation planning will be
conducted together with DAR and
Security Sector
1. Avoid violent actions  Barangay LGU for Blotter report
2. Ensure your own safety and your  PNP for Blotter report
family  Barangay LGU to secure Blotter Reports on the
3. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents incidents
from Barangay and Police  City LGU

8. Extra judicial killings of Human Rights
Advocates and Community/Farmer
Leaders
9. Employment termination of Farmworkers
and Potential ARBs by landowners
10. Petition for Disqualification against
ARBs/FBs
4. Seek legal counsel at DAR if you are a  PNP
CLOA Holder/ CARP Beneficiaries  DILG
5. Seek Legal counsel at DENR if you are  DAR for ARBs or Potential ARBs and CARP
rights holder Covered Areas
6. In the absence of any tenurial  DENR for Rights Holder or any Beneficiaries
instrument you may Seek legal under DENR
counsel at Public Attorney’s Office  CHR if state sponsored or related perpetrated
7. Seek assurance in written form from
concerned agencies to take necessary
response and ensure proper
consultation with the affected
communities.
1. Ensure your own safety and privacy  LGU Barangay for Blotter report
2. Secure Blotter and Autopsy reports  Philippines National Police (PNP) for Blotter and
3. Secure Affidavits from the aggrieved party Investigation
and witnesses’ accounts  Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
4. Seek assurance in written form from  National Bureau of Investigations (NBI)
concerned agencies to take necessary  Public Attorney Office (PAO)/Prosecutor Office
response
1. Ensure your own safety and your  National Labor Relation Commission to
family adjudicate labor cases
2. Secure copy of pertinent documents
such as Payroll, pay slip etc. to
support your employment
3. Seek assistance from National Labor
Relation Commissions (NLRC) to file
complaint for illegal
termination/dismissal and other
appropriate actions
4.
1. Secure your safety and your family  Barangay LGU particularly BARC for assistance
2. Secure copy of notices and complaints  DAR for assistance and certification
3. Secure pertinent documents and  Public Attorney’s Office for Legal Assistance
necessary evidences
4. Secure affidavits and accounts of
witnesses supporting your claims
5. Ensure prompt response to notices
including submission of counter affidavits
6. Seek legal counsel from appropriate

11. Petition for Inclusion
12. Petition for Exclusion against ARBs or
Potential ARBs
13. Petition for Cancellation of CLOAs to
Legitimate ARBs (Include Definition)
14. Threats to Community Leaders/Farmer
Leaders in preventing pursuing land
rights
agencies
1. Secure BARC certification as Actual
Occupants/Tiller, Regular/Seasonal Farm
Worker etc.
2. Secure certification from Municipal
Agrarian Reform Program Officer (MARPO)
3. MARO investigation report
4. Ask Assistance to have written Affidavit
5. Secure other proof of evidences to
support your claims.
1. Ensure prompt response to notices
including submission of counter affidavits
2. MARO investigation report
3. Other proof of evidences
1. Ensure prompt response to notices
including submission of counter affidavits
2. BARC certification
3. MARO certification
4. MARO investigation report
5. Other proof of evidences
1. Secure Blotter Reports of the incidents
from Barangay and Police
2. Avail Barangay protection program to
ensure your safety
3. Document the incidents e.g. Take
picture and videos, secure witnesses
and names and composition of the
group of persons involved
4. Request help from the government to
take appropriate steps to guarantee
immediate investigation and identify
those responsible
5. Ensure proper consultation with the
affected communities.
 Barangay Agrarian Reform Council (BARC)
 Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
 Public Attorney Office (PAO)/Lawyer to provide
legal assistance particularly drafting of counter
affidavits and petitions.
 DARAB/PARAD/RARAD
 DAR SECRETARY
 Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
 Public Attorney Office (PAO)/Lawyer to provide
legal assistance particularly drafting of counter
affidavits and petitions.
 DARAB/PARAD/RARAD
 DAR SECRETARY
 Barangay Agrarian Reform Council (BARC)
 Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
 Public Attorney Office (PAO)/Lawyer
 DARAB/PARAD/RARAD
 DAR SECRETARY
 Barangay LGU
 Philippines National Police (PNP)
 Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
 Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
 Public Attorney Office (POA) /Lawyer