INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

COLLEGIO DE MONTALBAN
KASIGLAHAN, RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL

WRITTEN REPORT
IN
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Struggle for Rights and Freedom

SUBMITTED BY:
Ilao,Alecx Kate G.
Jazmin, Jonathan
Lagat,Desselle

(BSED SCIENCE 1-D)

SUBMITTED TO:

MR. DANNY H. CANON

Introduction

During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, 1521–1898, there were several
revolts against the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indians,
Chinese (Sangleys), and Insulares (Filipinos of full or near full Spanish descent), often
with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged to
Lumad Timueys, Maginoo Rajah, and Moro Datus. Some revolts stemmed from land
problems and this was largely the cause of the insurrections that transpired in the
agricultural provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, and Laguna. Natives also rebelled
over unjust taxation and forced labor.
Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population sided with
the well-armed colonial government, and to fight with Spanish as foot soldiers to put
down the revolts.
In Mindanao and Sulu, a continuous fight for sovereignty was sustained by the Moro
people and their allies for the whole duration of Spanish conquest and rule.
Some of these revolts are what we will discuss. These include the Revolt of lakandula
and sulayman, the first pampanga revolt, magat salamat and the tondo conspiracy, the
katipunan, and the biak na bato.

Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)

The Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt, also known as the Tagalog Revolt, was an
uprising in 1574 by Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Tondo, Manila. The revolt
occurred in the same year as the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet
poorly defended enclosure of Intramuros. Sulayman and Lakandula revolted because
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi reneged on his side of the deal. In exchange for accepting
Spanish sovereignty, Legazpi promised that Soliman and Lakandula (and their subjects)
would retain some of their local authority, be exempted from paying tribute, and be
treated fairly. Legazpi did not fulfill his promises.
When Guido de Lavezaris replaced Legaspi as Governor General of the Philippines, he
revoked their exemptions from paying tribute and confiscated their lands. Father Martin
convinced Lakandula and Sulayman to abort the revolt and promised to grant their
privileges. Soliman refused and continued his revolt. Soliman's revolt was finally and
brutally crushed in 1574.
Pampanga Revolt (1585)

The Pampanga Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan

leaders who resented the Spanish landowners, or encomenderos, who had deprived
them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus. The revolt included a
plot to storm Intramuros, but the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a
Filipino woman married to a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities.
Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera,
and the leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed by Christian Cruz-
Herrera.

Tondo conspiracy
Salamat chose to involve himself in the Tondo Conspiracy because, being the chief
or Datu of Tondo, wished to recapture it from the Spanish, in turn also recovering his
heritage and birthright. Their aim was to restore the freedom they once had prior to the
arrival of the Spanish, but they also sought to restore the leadership and power they
had as well.
Alongside Salamat were others who shared his ambition, such as the chief of Bulacan,
Felipe Salonga, chief of Polo, and Pedro Balinguit, chief of Pandacan, and he was also
joined by other chiefs of Tondo, namely Juan Banal the Pitong Gatang. Being a family
affair as Tondo was his birthright, Salamat was also joined by a few relatives: Agustin
de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, Salamat's father, and Geronimo Basi, brother of
Agustin. Their final ally came in the form of Dionisio Fernandez, a Japanese Christian
who reached out to one of his contacts known as Juan Gayo, a Japanese sea captain,
in an attempt to secure both manpower and supplies. Gayo would recruit Japanese
warriors to assist in the fight against the Spaniards, and in exchange for their
assistance, Salamat and the others promised the Japanese half of the tribute to be
collected from the Philippines. The Japanese would also attempt to secure aid from
areas such as Borneo, Laguna, and Batangas, but it is unknown as to whether or not
they were successful. Finally, Martin Pangan, gobernadorcillo of Tondo at the time, also
pledged to support the cause, and with their band assembled, a plan came into fruition.

Datu Magat Salamat was a Filipino historical figure best known for co-organizing the
Tondo Conspiracy of 1587. He was one of at least four sons of Lakandula,and thus held
the title of Datu under his cousin and co-conspirator Agustin de Legazpi, who had been
proclaimed paramount ruler (ruler over other datus) of the indianized kingdom of Tondo
after the death of Lakandula, although the position soon became little more than a
courtesy title.
The katipunan, officially known as the Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan
ng mga anak ng Bayan. In 1892 Filipinos interested in the overthrow of Spanish rule
founded on organization following masonic rites and principles to organize armed
resistance and terrorist assassination within a context of total secrecy. The founder of
this association is Andres Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Ladislao Diwa,and etc.
The katipunan founders Boniface, Diwa and plata was all members of La Liga and
influenced by the nationalistic ideal of the propaganda movement in spain.
The assembly was discovered when Teodoro Patiño told his sister about it and she
confessed it to the mother superior of the orphanage where she lived. And the
Katipunan ended when the revolution against Spain was sparked in 1896 after Spanish
authorities discovered the Katipunan. Katipunan served as an awakening call for the
Filipinos to fight for their freedom.
This report will help readers to understand the struggle of the people for reforms and
national independence during the Spanish Colonial Era.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magat_Salamat