Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO
College of Arts and Sciences Education
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CC’s Voice: Hello, students! Welcome to this course, GE 5: Science, Technology, and
Society. By now, I am confident that you wanted to understand how
science and technology affect or even changed society's lives, especially
in the contemporary world.
CO: Upon the completion of this course, you are expected to articulate the impacts of
science and technology, how it affects society and the environment
particularly in nation-building; and analyzing human condition to reflect and
express philosophical ramifications that are meaningful to you as part of the
community. Thus, in this course, you are expected to personally and
meaningfully assess contemporary and social issues.
Let us begin!
Big Picture
Week 1: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expecting to
a. Explain and identify the historical antecedents in the course of science and
technology;
Metalanguage
In this section, the essential terms, pictures to the historical antecedents of
science and technology, and to demonstrate ULOa will be operational to establish how
science and technology indeed play significant roles in everyday life. You will encounter
these as we go through this chapter.
Essential Knowledge
To identify the aforesaid big picture (unit learning outcomes) for the first three (3)
weeks of the course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge
that will lay down in the succeeding pages. Please note that you are not limited to refer
to these resources exclusively. Thus, you are expected to utilize other books, research
articles, and other resources that are available in the university's library, e.g., e-library,
search.proquest.com, etc.
The developments in this field are not just products of people's imagination or a one-
time thought process but also brought from gradual improvements to earlier works from
different periods or eras. The desire to raise the quality of life of the people is the driving
force to set continuous progress in the application of science and technology. The
following are the different period which has various contributions in the life of the early
people up to the present time:
1. ANCIENT TIME (began 3100 BC with the invention of writing & lasted 35
centuries) were concerned with the following:
Transportation and navigation - it was significant because people were trying to go
and discover new horizons. They traveled to search for food and find better locations for
settlements.
- They used this to trade their surplus goods in exchange for things they
lacked, and it helped them in their journeys to unfamiliar areas and
returned home after discovering new places or completing a vital trade to
another group of people.
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Communication – this was essential in their endeavors to discover and occupy new
places relevant to communicating with the natives of the areas they visited. To facilitate
trade and prevent any possible conflicts:
Weapons and armor are essential tools in the discovery of new places and
establishments of new alliances with other tribes. Conflicts were common to different
groups struggled to control vital resources.
- It was their primary challenge for the conservation of life. They have
been successful in harnessing abundant resources that the world could
provide, but survival was a significant problem. Illnesses and diseases,
natural or human-made, hampered the full potential of a human being.
- Through this predicament, science and technology played a significant
role in the discovery and prevention of illness.
Early people ventured on the so-called Engineering to integrate their needs for better
transportation, establishments of structures for protection from personal attacks and
natural disasters, and build bigger and stronger infrastructures. This field of
development allowed humans to build structures that would address specific needs and
wants. Some of these still exist today.
The following are some of the significant technological advancements during the ancient
times from early civilizations:
Cuneiform is the first writing system that utilizes word pictures and triangular
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Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134
symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and left to dry.
These allow them to keep records of things with great historical value or
their everyday life.
Uruk City – It is a great wonder not only because it is the first erected real city,
but built from mud or clay coming from the river that mixed with reeds
producing sun-baked bricks.
Irrigation and Dikes – this was made as the population increased and the
demand for food. These Sumerians have their mass production of food
items as the environment’s elements seemed uncooperative since they
had the difficulty to get water from rives to provide their farmlands. This
method was considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering
works. Through this, they were able to enjoy year-long farming and
harvesting, which increased their food production.
Wheel – this was made not for transportation but farm work and food processes.
Mass production was made more accessible, and farmers could mill
grains with less effort and less time.
The Plow – used to dig the ground at a faster pace for planting the seeds.
Through this toll, the farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster to
produce mass production without so much effort and time.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION – emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They
were great builders, engineers, and architects.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon – one of the seven wonders of the ancient world,
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but today, people can only marvel at the beauty from stories of historians
and paintings that portray the place. It was said to be the structure made
up of layers upon layers of gardens that contain several species of plants,
trees, and vines. King Nebuchadnezzar II built this for his wife, Queen
Amytis. However, no physical evidence to prove the existence of this
Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION – they are famous for its legacy and located in North Africa.
They built infrastructures established by the pharaohs through engineering technology.
They also contributed other practical things that the world now considers as essential.
Paper or Papyrus – though they were not the first to develop a system of
writing, they were able to make writing easier for the world. Papyrus was
a plant that grew abundantly in the Nile River in Egypt. Processed the
plants to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things. Since
clay tablets were fragile, heavy, and delicate to handle in bringing it to one
place to another. It is one of the significant accomplishments of Egyptians'
record-keeping and communication.
Cosmetics – this was for both health and aesthetic reasons. They used KOHL
and wore around their eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. It was
with soot or malachite with mineral galena. They believed that when a
person is wearing make-up, it is a protection from evil, and beauty is a
sign of holiness.
Wig – it is a material worn for wealth and wellness rather than for aesthetic
purposes.
Water Clock/ Clepsydra – Used for time-keeping device. It utilizes gravity that
affects the flow of water from one vessel to another.
GREEK CIVILIZATION – located in the southern part of Europe and known as the
birthplace of western philosophy. Their significant achievements include in-depth work
on philosophy and mathematics, and contributed much to the world, especially in
science and technology.
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ROMAN CIVILIZATION – perceived to be the most influential political and social entity
in the west, and many of the other civilizations looked up to them as their model in
terms of legislation and codified laws.
Roman contributions:
Newspaper – It contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the
people. The first newspapers were known as gazettes. Engraved in metal
or stone tablets and then publicly displayed, but because of this, it became
more accessible for the Romans to publish announcements and pieces of
information.
Roman Numerals – devised their number system to address the need for
a standard counting method that would meet their increasing
communication and trade concerns.
CHINESE CIVILIZATION is considered the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world,
and is located in the far east of Asia.
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Chinese contributions:
Silk – Was naturally produced by silkworms and process to provide paper
and clothing. Silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade,
making cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges after the opening of
outside China.
Telescope – helps observe remote objects and was a great help for
navigators in the medieval time.
War Weapons – developed not only offensive tools but also for defensive
instruments. For open-area battles, they designed crossbows and longbows
and close-range hand-to-hand combat; they wore iron body armor.
3. MODERN TIMES – massive industrialization started and the booming of the world
population in the nineteenth century onwards. The demand for the production of
more goods, efficient transportation to trade more products, and to cover more
considerable distances, faster and the development of more natural means of
communication. But, food processing and medicine posed of the more significant
challenges since health was a great concern.
The Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone. As more
people got connected by trade and exploration, they needed to maintain
connections and communicate in real-time as well as for government
communications.
The inventions named above are only some of the great designs and development
during the different periods - more innovations and discoveries in the course of history
that changed the world.
Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you
further understand the lesson:
McNamara, Daniel Joseph SJ, Valverde, V.M., Beleno, R. (2018). Science Technology
and Society.1st ed. C and E, Pub.
A History of Science and Technology in the Phils. –an article by Olivia C. Caoili
Floridi, Luciano (2014).The Fourth Revolution
https://www.history.com/topics/enlightenment/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-
us-scientific-revolution
Zhouying JIN (2010). Global Technological Change: From Hard Technology to Soft
Technology. Retrieved from
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uniofmindanaoebooks/reader.action?docID
=685161&ppg=78
College of Arts and Sciences Education
General Education – Science
2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134
Nelson, Ken. (2020). History: Middle Ages for Kids. Ducksters. Retrieved from
https://www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages_timeline.php
Let’s Check
Activity 1. Now, that you know the essential Historical Antecedents of Science and
Technology from the different periods up to the Philippine inventions. Let us try to check
your understanding of these historical antecedents. In the space provided, write the
correct words or terms needed to answer the following statements:
_______________2. A civilization known for their high degree of cooperation with one
another and their desire for great things.
_______________3. Was the ancient people's primary challenge though they were
successful in harnessing the rich resources that the world could provide?
_______________4. The early writing system of the Egyptians which they believed it
was provided to them by their gods by using symbols.
_______________7. Known to be the strongest political and social entity in the west
and looked up by other civilizations as their model in terms of legislation and codified
laws.
______________10. The process of heating the product to kill the harmful bacteria that allow
them to spoil faster.
College of Arts and Sciences Education
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Let’s Analyze
1. How did the development in science and technology shape human history? You
set/mention some examples to defend your answer.
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In a Nutshell
Activity 1. Studying and learning the historical antecedents in the course of science and
technology, especially in the present time, is relevant to appreciate and to be able to get
ideas on how it changed and improved people's life. It constitutes a different impact to
have a convenient experience and to leads to aiming for development continuously.
Thus, we cannot deny that we owe the early people’s ideas to come up with high
technology applications.
College of Arts and Sciences Education
General Education – Science
2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134
Based from the pieces of information and the exercises that you have done above,
kindly site your points of view after my ideas.
1. The historical antecedents ushered the most development in the society in terms
of infrastructures, medicines, preserving of information or transmitting
information, mass productions, agriculture, and even for the protection of one
another.
2. On the contrary, it shows improvements in people's lives as an effect of
technological progress. Due to its possible destruction to the environment, there
must be limitations in such developments and might lead to scarcity of natural
resources.
Your Turn
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College of Arts and Sciences Education
General Education – Science
2nd Flr. DPT Building,Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone No. : (082)300-5456/305-0647 Local 134