PERHITUNGAN pH

(pH calculation)
 RUMUS pH

“ (pH FORMULA)
pH = - log [H+]
pH = 14-pOH
pOH = - log [OH-]

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ASAM/BASA KUAT
STRONG ACID/BASE
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 STRONG ACID/BASE
1. Asam kuat adalah asam yang dapat terionisasi sempurna dalam larutan berair (A
strong acid is one which is virtually 100% ionised in solution) (e.g : HCl, HBr, HI,
HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4)
2. Basa kuat adalah basa yang dapat terionisasi sempurna dalam larutan berair (A strong
base is one which is virtually 100% ionised in solution) (e.g : NaOH, KOH, etc)

pH ASAM KUAT (STRONG ACID) pH BASA KUAT (STRONG BASE)

[H+] = M Acid x valence [OH-] = M base x valence
Atau Atau
[OH-] = N base
[H+] = N acid
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ASAM/BASA LEMAH
WEAK ACID/BASE
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 WEAK ACID/BASE
1. Asam lemah adalah asam yang tidak terionisasi sempurna dalam air (A weak acid is
one which doesn't ionise fully when it is dissolved in water) (e.g CH3COOH, HF,
etc)
2. Basa lemah adalah basa yang tidak terionisasi sempurna dalam air (A weak base is
one which doesn't ionise fully when it is dissolved in water) (NH4OH, amina, etc)

pH ASAM LEMAH (pH of Weak Acid) pH BASA LEMAH (pH of Weak Base)
[H+] = 𝐾𝑎. 𝑀 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 [OH-] = 𝐾𝑏. 𝑀 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Atau Atau
[H+] = 𝐾𝑎. 𝑁 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚 [OH-] = 𝐾𝑏. 𝑁 basa
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LARUTAN PENYANGGA
BUFFER SOLUTION
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 LARUTAN PENYANGGA/
BUFFER SOLUTION
Larutan Penyangga/Buffer adalah larutan yang dapat mempertahankan pH akibat atau
penambahan sedikit asam, basa atau karena pengenceran. Larutan buffer terbentuk dari
campuran asam/basa lemah dengan garamnya.
A buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid
or an alkali or water are added to it. A buffer is a solution of weak acid and conjugate
base or weak base and conjugate acid used to resist pH change with added solute.
Larutan penyangga terdiri atas:
A. Larutan Penyangga Asam: Campuran asam lemah + basa konjugasi atau garamnya
Acidic buffer solutions : a mixture of weak acid and conjugate base
e.g : mixture of CH3COOH + CH3COONa; H3PO4 + NaH2PO4
B. Larutan Penyangga Basa :Campuran basa lemah + asam kunjugasi atau garamnya
Alkaline buffer solutions : a mixture of weak base and conjugate acid
e.g : mixture of NH4OH + NH4Cl, etc
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 LARUTAN PENYANGGA/
BUFFER SOLUTION

pH penyangga asam pH penyangga basa

(Acidic Buffer) (Alkaline Buffer)
[𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚] [ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎]
[H+] = 𝑘𝑎 . [OH-] = 𝑘𝑏 .
𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 .𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 .𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖
𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[H+] = 𝑘𝑎 . [OH-] = 𝑘𝑏 .
𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 .𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 . 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖

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HIDROLISIS GARAM
HYDROLYSIS OF SALTS
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 HIDROLISIS GARAM
(HYDROLYSIS OF SALT)
Garam adalah zat yang terbentuk dari hasil reaksi penetralan asam dan basa. Meskipun garam terbentuk dari
reaksi netralisasi, namun tidak selalu bersifat netral, dapat bersifat asam ataupun basa.
A salt is an ionic compound that is formed when an acid and a base neutralize each other. While it may seem that
salt solutions would always be neutral, they can frequently be either acidic or alkaline.
• Garam yang terbentuk dari asam kuat dan basa kuat tidak mengalami hidrolisis
(contoh : NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, K2SO4, LiCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, KNO3, NaNO3, dll.)
• Garam yang terbentuk dari basa kuat dan asam lemah mengalami hidrolisis anion
(contoh: CH3COONa, CH3COOK, HCOONa, HCOOK, NaF, dll)
• Garam yang terbentuk dari asam kuat dan basa lemah mengalami hidrolisis kation
(contoh : NH4Cl, NH4NO3, NH4Br, dll)
• Garam yang terbentuk dari asam lemah dan basa lemah mengalami hidrolisis total
(contoh : CH3COONH4, NH4F)
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HIDROLISIS GARAM
(HYDROLYSIS OF SALT)
GARAM AKBK pH = 7 (netral)

𝑘𝑤 . 𝑀 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 .𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖
GARAM AKBL [H+] = 𝑘𝑏

𝑘𝑤 . 𝑀 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 .𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖
GARAM ALBK [OH-] = 𝑘𝑎

𝑘𝑤 . 𝑘𝑎
GARAM ALBL [H+] = 𝑘𝑏
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pH CAMPURAN LARUTAN
pH of Solution’s Mixture
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 pH CAMPURAN LARUTAN

ASAM + BASA → GARAM + AIR

TIDAK ADA
ASAM KUAT/ ASAM/BASA
BASA KUAT TERSISA

ASAM LEMAH/
BASA LEMAH
pH asam kuat atau pH Hidrolisis
basa kuat Garam

pH BUFFER

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 EXAMPLE
1. You dissolve a mass of 4 g NaOH in 1 L solution. What is the pH ?
a. 9 c. 12
b. 10 d. 13
𝒘 pOH = - log [OH-] = - log 10-1= 1
𝑴=
𝒎𝒎 𝒙 𝑳
𝟒𝒈
= pH = 14-pOH = 14-1 =13
𝟒𝟎𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒙 𝟏 𝑳
= 0,1 mol/L = 0,1 M
2. What is the pH of 100 mL of 0,01 M Sulphuric acid ?
a. 2 c. 2,301
b. 1,699 d. 4
[H+] = Ma x valence = 0,01 x 2 = 0,02 = 2x10-2

pH = - log [H+] = - log 2. 10-2 = 2-log 2 = 2 - 0,301 = 1,699

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 EXAMPLE
3. Calculate the pH of 50 ml ammonia 0,4 M. The dissociation constant for ammonia is 10-5 !
a. 1,699 c. 11,301
b. 2,699 d. 12,301
[OH-] = 𝐾𝑏. 𝑀 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 pOH = - log [OH-] = - log 2.10-3= 3-log 2
[OH-] = 10−5 . 0,4
pH = 14-pOH = 14-(3-log 2) = 11 + log 2 = 11 + 0,301 = 11,301
[OH-] = 4.10−6
[OH-] = 2. 10−3
4. Calculate the pH of a 0.500 L buffer solution composed of 0,1 M acetic acid and 0,05 M
sodium acetate (CH3COOH, Ka = 1 X 10-5)!
a. 4,7 c. 9
b. 5 d. 9,3
[𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒎]
[H+] = 𝒌𝒂 .
𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 .𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊
[𝟎,𝟏] pH = - log [H+] = - log 2. 10-5 = 5-log 2 = 5 - 0,301 = 4,699
[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 .
𝟎,𝟎𝟓.𝟏
[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 . 𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

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 EXAMPLE
5. Calculate the pH of 0,2 M ammonium sulphate. The dissociation constant for ammonia is 10-5 !
a. 4,7 c. 9
b. 5 d. 9,301
𝒌𝒘 . 𝑴 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 .𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊
[H+] = pH = - log [H+] = - log 2. 10-5 = 5-log 2 = 5 - 0,301 = 4,699
𝒌𝒃
𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟒 . 𝟎,𝟐 . 𝟐
[H+] =
𝟏𝟎−𝟓
[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 . 𝟎, 𝟒 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
6. What is the pH of 0,1 M ammonium carbonate solution, if the dissociation constant for
ammonia is 10-6 and the dissociation constant for hydrogen carbonate is 10-4 !
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6
𝒌𝒘 . 𝒌𝒂
[H+] = pH = - log [H+] = - log 10-6 = 6
𝒌𝒃
𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒
[H+] =
𝟏𝟎−𝟔

[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎−𝟔

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 EXAMPLE
7. About 50 mL of 0,1 M acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1 X 10-5) is titrated with 0,1 M NaOH.
Calculate the pH at the point of 25 mL NaOH is added!
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6
mmol acetic acid = 50 mL x 0,1 M = 5 mmol
mmol NaOH = 25 mL x 0,1 M = 2,5 mmol
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H 2O
Awal 5 mmol 2,5 mmol - -

Reaksi 2,5 mmol 2,5 mmol 2,5 mmol 2,5 mmol

Akhir 2,5 mmol - 2,5 mmol 2,5 mmol

[𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒎]
[H+] = 𝒌𝒂 . BUFFER
𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 .𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊
[𝟐,𝟓]
[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 . pH = - log [H+] = - log 10-5 = 5
𝟐,𝟓 . 𝟏
[H+] = 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 . 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

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 “
THANK YOU

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