188 d 4 Development of Beam Equations

Example 4.4
Determine the displacement and rotation under the force and moment located at the
center of the beam shown in Figure 4–16. The beam has been discretized into the
two elements shown in Figure 4–16. The beam is fixed at each end. A downward
force of 10 kN and an applied moment of 20 kN-m act at the center of the beam.
Let E ¼ 210 GPa and I ¼ 4  104 m4 throughout the beam length.

10 kN

3m 2 3m
1 2
1 20 kN-m 3

Figure 4–16 Fixed-fixed beam subjected to applied force and moment

SOLUTION:
Using Eq. (4.1.14) for each beam element with L ¼ 3 m, we obtain the element stiff-
ness matrices as follows:

v1 f1 v2 f2 v2 f2 v3 f3
2 3 2 3
12 6L 12 6L 12 6L 12 6L
EI 6 4L 2
6L 2L 2 7 EI 6 4L 2
6L 2L2 7
½k ð1Þ  ¼ 3 6
4
7 ½k ð2Þ  ¼ 3 6 7
L 12 6L 5 L 4 12 6L 5
Symmetry 4L 2 Symmetry 4L 2
ð4:3:27Þ

The boundary conditions are given by

v1 ¼ f1 ¼ v3 ¼ f3 ¼ 0 ð4:3:28Þ

The global forces are F2y ¼ 10;000 N and M2 ¼ 20;000 N-m.

Applying the global forces and boundary conditions, Eq. (4.3.28), and assem-
bling the global stiffness matrix using the direct stiffness method and Eqs. (4.3.27),
we obtain the global equations as:

10; 000 ð210  109 Þð4  104 Þ 24 0 v2

¼ ð4:3:29Þ
20; 000 33 0 8ð32 Þ f2

Solving Eq. (4.3.29) for the displacement and rotation, we obtain

v2 ¼ 1:339  104 m and f2 ¼ 8:928  105 rad ð4:3:30Þ

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