4.

3 Examples of Beam Analysis Using the Direct Stiffness Method d 191

Note that the boundary conditions given by v1 ¼ 0 and f2 ¼ 0 have been included in
Eq. (4.3.34).
Using the second and third equations of Eq. (4.3.34) whose rows are associated
with the two unknowns, f1 and v2 , we obtain
PL3 ð4 þ jÞ PL2
v2 ¼ and f1 ¼ ð4:3:35Þ
24EI 4EI
As the beam is rectangular in cross section, the moment of inertia is
I ¼ bh3=12
Substituting the numerical values for b and h, we obtain I as
I ¼ 0:26  106 m4
The shear correction factor is given by
12EI
j¼
ks AGL2
and ks for a rectangular cross section is given by ks ¼ 5=6.
Substituting numerical values for E; I ; G; L; and ks , we obtain
12  207  109  0:26  106
j¼ ¼ 0:1938
5=6  0:025  0:05  80  109  0:22

Substituting for P ¼ 10;000 N, L ¼ 0:2 m, and j ¼ 0:1938 into Eq. (4.3.35), we

obtain the displacement at the mid-span as
v2 ¼ 2:597  104 m ð4:3:36Þ
If we let l ¼ the whole length of the beam, then l ¼ 2L and we can substitute L ¼ l=2
into Eq. (4.3.35) to obtain the displacement in terms of the whole length of the beam as
Pl 3 ð4 þ jÞ
v2 ¼ ð4:3:37Þ
192EI
For long slender beams with l about 10 or more times the beam depth, h, the transverse
shear correction term j is small and can be neglected. Therefore, Eq. (4.3.37) becomes
Pl 3
v2 ¼ ð4:3:38Þ
48EI
Equation (4.3.38) is the classical beam deflection formula for a simply supported beam
subjected to a concentrated load at mid-span.
Using Eq. (4.3.38), the deflection is obtained as
v2 ¼ 2:474  104 m ð4:3:39Þ
Comparing the deflections obtained using the shear-correction factor with the deflec-
tion predicted using the beam-bending contribution only, we obtain
2:597  2:474
% change ¼  100 ¼ 4:97% difference
2:474 9

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