ASKING AND GIVING INFORMATION (DIALOGUE)

USING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

“I have had a headache for weeks”

“I have discovered the source of your

problems”
Note : Present Perfect Tense mempunyai beberapa
fungsi;
A. Unspecified Time Before Now (Waktu Tidak
Ditentukan Sebelumnya)

It is to say that an action happened at an unspecified

time before now. We CAN use the present perfect with
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
(Ini berarti bahwa suatu tindakan terjadi pada waktu yang
tidak ditentukan sebelumnya. Kita BISA menggunakan present
perfect dengan ekspresi waktu yang tidak spesifik seperti:
pernah, tidak pernah, sekali, berkali-kali, beberapa kali,
sebelumnya, sejauh ini, sudah, belum, dll.)
Examples:
 I have seen that movie twenty times.
 People have traveled to the Moon.

It is best to associate present perfect with the

following topics:
1. Experience
The present perfect is to describe the experience or
to say that someone has never had a certain
experience and it is NOT used to describe a specific
event. (Present perfect adalah untuk mendeskripsikan
pengalaman atau mengatakan bahwa seseorang tidak pernah
memiliki pengalaman tertentu dan TIDAK digunakan untuk
mendeskripsikan peristiwa tertentu)
Examples:
 I have been to France.
It means that you have had the experience of
being in France. Maybe you have been there once,
or several times.

2. Change Over Time

We often use the present perfect to talk about
change that has happened over a period of time.
(Kita sering menggunakan present perfect untuk berbicara
tentang perubahan yang telah terjadi selama periode waktu
tertentu)
Examples:
 My English has really improved since I moved to
Australia.

3. Accomplishments
We often use the present perfect to list the
accomplishments of individuals and humanity. (Kita
sering menggunakan present perfect untuk membuat
daftar pencapaian individu dan kemanusiaan)
Examples:
 Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.

4. An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

It is to say that an action which we expected has not
happened, we are still waiting for the action to
happen. (Untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang kita
harapkan tidak terjadi, kita masih menunggu tindakan itu
terjadi)
 Examples:
 James has not finished his homework yet.
5. Multiple Actions at Different Times
It is to talk about several different actions which
have occurred in the past at different times, it
suggests that the process is not complete and more
actions are possible. (Untuk berbicara tentang beberapa
tindakan berbeda yang telah terjadi di masa lalu pada
waktu yang berbeda, ini menunjukkan bahwa prosesnya
tidak lengkap dan lebih banyak tindakan mungkin
dilakukan)
Examples:
 She has talked to several specialists about her
problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

Using present perfect means that something has
happened at some point in our lives before now, the exact
time of the action is not important.

When we want to limit the time for an experience, we can

do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the
last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:
 My car has broken down three times this week.

B. Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous

Verbs) - Durasi Dari Dulu Sampai Sekarang

We use the present perfect to show that something

started in the past and has continued up until now.
"For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the
present perfect.
Examples:
 She has been in England for six months.
 Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.
Indicator :
To determine the social function of
transactional interaction text using Present
Perfect Tense (tindakan atau situasi yang
dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut
hingga kini/sekarang).