Throttling Calorimeter

A device used to determine the dryness fraction of a wet vapour by measuring its
temperature and pressure after throttling by an orifice in an insulated chamber. It
consists a narrow throat (Orifice). Pressure and temperature are measured by pressure
gauge and thermometer. The steam after throttling process passes through the heat
exchanger and condensate is collected. Steam Generator is also provided to supply the
saturated steam (Max) at 2kg/cm2 pressure. There is no need of boiler.
It is a vessel with a needle valve fitted on the inlet side. The steam is throttled
through the needle valve and exhausted to the condenser.
Separating Calorimeter
It consists of two concentric chambers, the inner chamber and the outer
chamber, which communicates with each other through an opening at the top. As the
steam discharges through the metal basket, which has a large number of holes, the
water particles due to their heavier momentum get separated from the steam and collect
in the chamber. The comparatively dry steam in the inner chamber moves up and then
down aging through the annular space between the two chambers and enters the
Throttling Calorimeter.

It is a vessel used initially to separate some of the moisture from the steam, to
ensure superheat conditions after throttling. The steam is made to change direction
suddenly; the moisture droplets, being heavier than the vapor, drop out of suspension
and are collected at the bottom of the vessel.
Combined Separating And Throttling Calorimeter for Low Pressure
Separating calorimeter does not give an accurate result and the throttling
calorimeter fails if the steam is not superheated after throttling. A combination of
separating and throttling calorimeter is therefore found most suitable for accurate
measurement of dryness of steam.
External Superheating Calorimeter
Two-Pressure Calorimeter
Electric Calorimeter
Barrel Calorimeter

Calibration of Calorimeter
Measure the observed change in temperature with the actual shift in temperature that
results from the transfer of heat. A simple way of doing this is to send a current through
the calorimeter for a set amount of time.

Write down the equation Q = I x V x T. I represents the current, T represents time and V
represents voltage. Use this equation to calculate Q, which represents the amount of
heat that is electrically given to the calorimeter following a reaction.
Use the observed rise in temperature to compute the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
This is also referred to as the calorimeter constant. The equation is as follows: C = Q /
(change in temperature). You will have to input Q and the observed change in
temperature to find out the calorimeter constant.

Use the equation Q = C x (change in temperature when a substance is burned in the

calorimeter). For the value of C, you can input the answer from step 3 . For the change
in temperature, input the observed temperature change when the substance in question
is burned in the calorimeter.

Write down your answer. This represents the heat transfer of the reaction and this will
help to calibrate the calorimeter. This represents the way a person can electrically
calibrate a calorimeter.
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199587438.001.0001/acref-
9780199587438-e-6720#:~:text=A%20device%20used%20to%20determine,....%20...
https://vmt-iitg.vlabs.ac.in/Separating_and_Throttling_Calorimeter(theory).html