9

Mathematics
Quarter 2 SleM 2
Inverse, Joint and Combined Variations

Variations

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS (SLeM)

Michael Allan V. Pateño

Elpidio G. Tamani, Jr.
Authors
HOW TO USE THE SLEM

Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons. Keep
in mind that writing develops and enhances learning.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SLEM

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.
• Pre-Test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to Your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills you were able to acquire from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities – These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking Your Understanding - It will verify what you have learned from the
lesson.

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This SleM is composed of two (2) lessons namely:
• Lesson 1 – Inverse Variations
• Lesson 2 – Joint and Combine Variations
Competencies:
a. Illustrate situations that involve direct and direct square variations (M9AL-Ila-1).
b. Translate into variation statements a relationship between two quantities given by:
(a) table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph and vice versa (M9AL-
Ila-b-1).
c. Solve problems involving variation (M9AL-Ilb-c-1).

Expectations
This SleM is designed so that you will have a better understanding of the concepts of
quadratic equation. Specifically, you are expected to:
1. define the concept of inverse, joint and combined variations;
2. write mathematical representation of inverse, joint and combined variations;
3. determine the constant of proportionality; and
4. solve problems involving inverse, joint and combined variations.

Pre- Test
Read, analyze, and solve each item below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What type of variation is illustrated in the table?
x 2 4 6 8
y 12 6 4 3

a. Direct b. Inverse c. Joint d. Combined

2. The speed r of a moving objects is inversely proportional to the time t travelled is
written as _____.
𝑘 𝑟
a. R = kt b. 𝑟 = 𝑡
c. t = kr d. 𝑘 = 𝑡
3. If s varies directly as t and inversely as v, then which of the following equations
describes the relation among the three variables s, t, and v?
𝑘 𝑘𝑣 1 𝑘𝑡 𝑘𝑡
a. 𝑠 = b. 𝑠 = c. = d. 𝑠 =
𝑡𝑣 𝑡 𝑠 𝑣 𝑣

4. P is inversely proportional to x, and P = 9 when x = 4. Find P when x = 12.

a. 1/3 b. 3 c. 9 d. 27
5. If y varies inversely as x and y = 32 when x = 4, find the constant of variation.
a. 8 b. 36 c. 28 d. 128
6. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?
x 2 3 4 5 x 1/2 1 2 4
a. y 5 3 1/2 2 1/2 2 c. y 8 4 2 1
x 1 2 3 4 x 4 8 10 12
b. y 5 10 15 20 d. y 2 4 5 6
7. Suppose z varies directly as y and inversely as x, and z = 12 when x = 8 and y = 24,
𝑥
what is when z = 16?
𝑦
1
a. ¼ b. 4 c. 64 d. 64

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 8. A varies directly as B and inversely as C. If A = 10 when B = 4 and C = 4, find A if B
= 15 and C = 25.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
9. If 3 men can do a portion of a job in 8 days, how many men can do the same job in 6
days?
a. 7 b. 6 c. 5 d. 4
10. The volume of a cone varies jointly as its height and the square of the radius of its
base. The radius of a cone is 4 cm when the height is 6 cm, and the volume is 32π
cm3. Find the volume of a cone whose radius is 4 cm and height of 9 cm.
a. 48 𝜋cm3 b. 58 𝜋cm3 c. 68 𝜋cm3 d. 78 𝜋cm3

Lesson 1: INVERSE VARIATIONS

Looking Back
A. Find the value of the unknown variable.
6 36 6 𝑉 50 20
1. 𝑃
= 24
2. 12
= 24
3. 𝐼
= 40

B. Translate the following verbal phrases into mathematical phrases.

1. thrice a number less eight
2. seventeen subtracted from five times a number
3. the sum of x and y decreased by eleven
4. thrice a number divided by five
5. four times a number increased by the quotient of a and b

Brief Introduction
In direct variation, as one quantity increases, the other quantity also increases. In
certain situation however, when one quantity increases, the other decreases. This relation is
called inverse variations.
If two variables are related such that an increase in one produces a proportional
decrease in the other, then the variables are said to vary inversely. If y varies inversely as x,
𝑘
then 𝑦 = 𝑥
.

Illustrative Examples:
A. Using k as the constant of variation, express the following equations of variation.

1. The volume (V) of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure (P).
𝑘
Ans. 𝑉= 𝑃
2. The number of days (d) of work varies inversely as the numbers of workers (w).
𝑘
Ans. 𝑑= 𝑤
B. Determine if each table represents an inverse variation. Give the constant of variation.
1. x 1 2 3 4
y 36 18 12 9

Sol. Each ordered pair has a common product of 36, k= 36. Inverse Variation

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2. x 3 4 5 6
y 27 20.25 16.2 13.5

Sol. The common product of each ordered pair is 81, k= 81. Inverse Variation
C. Do as indicated.
1. A car is travelling 120 kilometers.
a. How long will it take the car to reach its destinations if it travels a speed of 20 kph? 40
kph? 60 kph? 80 kph?
b. Graph
Solution:
𝑘
a. Since time (t) varies directly at speed (r), then 𝑡 = 𝑟
and k = 120 as the constant of
variation. Using the table of values, we have,
rate (kph) 20 40 60 80
time (hr) 6 3 2 1½
𝑘
k = 120 (distance travelled) constant of variation. Using the given equation 𝑡 = 𝑟
:
at r = 20 at r = 40
120 120
𝑡= =6 𝑡= =3
20 40

at r = 60 at r = 80
120 120 1
𝑡 = 60 = 2 𝑡 = 80 = 1 2

b. From the table of values in a, the graph of the equation is on the right.

2. If y varies inversely as x and y = 25 when x = 6, find y when x = 15.

Solution:
𝑘
Using the definition of inverse variation, 𝑦 = , then we have 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦 in solving for the
𝑥
constant of variation, thus,
k = 25 (6); k = 150 constant of variation
To solve for y, replace x = 15 and k = 150,
𝑘 150
𝑦= 𝑥
; 𝑦= 15
= 10 y = 10

3. Find the number of days 10 workers can complete a job if 5 workers can complete the
same job in 7 days.
Solution:
The number of days a certain job (y) can be completed varies inversely as the number
of workers (x) assigned to the job.
𝑘
If each works at the same rate, then 𝑦 = 𝑥
or k = xy.
k = 5 (7) = 35; k = 35
To determine the number of days that 10 men can finish the same job,
𝑘 35
𝑦= 𝑥
= 10
= 3.5 y = 3.5 or 10 men can finish the job in 3 ½ days.

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ACTIVITY
WHAT IS THE SMALLEST BRIDGE IN THE WORLD?
Answer:
________ ________ ________ ________
1 2 3 4
Direction: Translate each statement into equation. Cross out the box with the correct word to
find the answer for the riddle. Put the remaining words on the blanks.

1. y varies inversely as x. Bridge My London

2. y varies inversely as the square of x. 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝑎= 𝑚= 𝑟=
3. s varies inversely as the cube of t. 𝑐 √𝑛 𝑡
4. The length (l) of a rectangle varies San Juanico Of You
inversely to its width. 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
5. a varies inversely as b. 𝑦= 𝑑= 𝑎=
𝑥 𝑠 𝑏
6. r is inversely proportional as t. Your Ear Street
7. d varies inversely as cube root of s. 𝑏 𝑘 𝑘
8. m varies inversely as the 𝑎= 𝑦= 2 𝑑=3
𝑐 𝑥 √𝑠
square root of n.
Mouth It Nose
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝑠= 3 𝑙= 𝑤=
𝑡 𝑤 𝑙

REMEMBER ME

Inverse Variation

The quantity y varies inversely with x if there exists a nonzero constant k such that
𝑘
𝑦 = 𝑥 or equivalent k = xy.
The constant k is called the constant of variation.

Checking Your Understanding

A. Fill in the blanks to make each statement true.
1. The equation ________ represents inverse variation.
𝑘
2. The equation 𝑦 = is equivalent to _______, where k is the constant variation.
𝑥

B. Solve the following.

1. If y varies inversely as x, and y = 48 when x = 10, find y when x = 32.
2. If c varies inversely as d, and c = 30 when d = 9, find d when c = 540.
3. For a given gas of constant temperature, the pressure (P) varies inversely as the
volume (V). If P = 6 when V = 24 and find P when V = 36.

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LESSON 2: JOINT AND COMBINED VARIATIONS
Looking Back
A. Identify the type of variation for the following relations.
𝑦
1. y = kx 4. 𝑘= 𝑥
2. x1 y1 = x2 y2 5. K = xy
𝑘
3. 𝑌 = 6. P = 4s
𝑥

Brief Introduction
Variations may involve two or more variables. If a certain variable varies directly as
the product of two other variables, then it is joint variation. Joint variation occurs when one
quantity varies directly as the product of two or more variables.
However, if a certain variable varies both jointly as the product of two variables and
inversely as another variable, then it is combined variation. In other words, combined
variation is a combination of direct and inverse variation. Study the given table below:

1. z varies jointly as x and y. 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦

2. y varies jointly as square of a and b. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑎2 𝑏
3. Z varies directly as x and inversely as y. 𝑘𝑥
𝑍=
𝑦
4. P varies directly as the cube of q and inversely as the 𝑘𝑞 3
square root of r. 𝑃=
√𝑟
5. M varies jointly as x and y and inversely as A. 𝑘𝑥𝑦
𝑀=
𝐴

Illustrative Examples:
A. Write the equations that describe variations between the given variables.
1. p varies jointly as the square of q and s.
2. T varies directly as a and inversely as b.
3. U varies directly as the square of m and inversely as the square root of d.
Solutions:
𝑝
1. p = kq2s or 𝑘 = 2
𝑞 𝑠
𝑘𝑎 𝑇𝑏
2. 𝑇 = 𝑏
or 𝑘 = 𝑎
𝑘𝑚2 𝑈√𝑑
3. 𝑈 = or 𝑘 𝑚2
√𝑑

B. Translate each equation to words.

𝑀 𝑘 √𝑥
1. 𝑘 = 𝑝𝑞
2. 𝑦 = 𝑘 3√𝑥 3. 𝑦= 𝑧
Solutions:
1. M varies jointly as p and q.
2. y varies directly as the cube root of x.
3. y is directly proportional with the square root of x and inversely as z.

C. Answer the following.

1. Suppose y varies jointly with x and z, and y = 16 when x = 4 and z = 2, find y when x
= 10 and z = 3.
Solution:
𝑦
Let y = kxz, solving for k: 𝑘 =
𝑥𝑧
16 16
𝑘= = = 2; k=2
4(2) 8
To solve for y, y = kxz. Substitute the given value for each variable.
Y = 2 (10) (3) = 60, therefore y = 60.

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 2. If y varies directly with square of x and inversely as z and x = 2, y = 1 and z = 10, find
y when x = 4 and z = 5.
Solution:
𝑘 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧
Let 𝑦 = 𝑧
, solving for k: 𝑘 = 𝑥2
1 (10) 10 5 𝟓
𝑘= 22
= 4 = 2 𝒌= 𝟐
To solve for y when x = 4 and z = 5, replace x with 4 and z with 5. Thus,
5 5
𝑘 𝑥2 (42 ) (16) 5 (8)
𝑦= 𝑧
=2 5
=2 5
= 5
=8 y=8

3. The area of a triangle varies jointly with the length of its base and its altitude. If a
triangle with area of 30 cm2 has a base of 12 cm and an altitude of 5 cm, find the area
of a triangle with a base of 8 cm and an altitude of 4 cm.
Solution:
𝐴
Let A = kbh, solving for k: 𝑘 = 𝑏 ℎ
30𝑐𝑚2 30𝑐𝑚2 1
𝑘= (12𝑐𝑚)(5𝑐𝑚)
= 60𝑐𝑚2 = 2
k=½
To find the area of a triangle given that base is 8cm and an altitude is 5 cm. Replace
b with 8 and h with 4.
A = (½) (8cm) (4cm) = 16 cm2
The area of a triangle is 16 cm2.

Activity
WHAT HAS THREE FEET BUT IT CANNOT WALK?
Answer:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1 2 3 4 5
Direction: Find the constant of each variation (k). Use the decoder. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on the given blanks.
1. If m varies jointly as n and p, then m = 86.4 when n = 9 and p = 12.
2. If z varies jointly as x and y, then z = 18 when x = 6 and y = 9.
3. If a varies directly as b and inversely and c, then a = 20 when b = 10 and c = 6.
4. If s varies jointly as u and inversely as the square root of t, then s = 20 when u = 5
and t = 36.
5. If z varies jointly as the square of x and y, then z = 20 when x = 3 and y = 2.
DECODER:
𝟒
A= O = 15 S=½
𝟓

𝟏𝟎 𝟒5
D=
𝟗
𝑦 R =𝑦24 X=
𝟓4
1
𝑥𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝟏
F = 10 A = 12 Y=
𝟑

Remember Me
Joint Variation
Let x, y, and z denote three quantities. y varies jointly as x and z if there exists a
nonzero constant k such that,
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑧

The number k is called constant of variation.

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 Combine Variation
Let x, y, and z denote three quantities. y varies directly as x and inversely as z if
there exists a nonzero constant k such that,
𝑘𝑥 𝑦𝑧
𝑦= 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 =
𝑧 𝑥

The number k is called constant of variation.

Checking Your Understanding

A. Fill in the blanks to make each statement true.
1. An equation of the form y = kxz, where k is a nonzero constant, expresses a/an
________________.
2. An equation of the form __________, where k is a nonzero constant, expresses
combined variation.
B. Do as indicated.
1. If z varies jointly as the square of x and y, z = 24 when x = 2 and y = 3, find the
value of z when x = 4 and y = 8.
2. t varies directly as m and inversely as the square of n. If t = 32 when m = 16 and n
= 4, find the value of t when m = 24 and n = 6.

References
• Oronce, O and Mendoza M (2011). E – Math II Intermediate Algebra (Revised Edition).
Rex Bookstore, Inc., Manila, Philippines
• Dilao, S., et al. (2005). Algebra II Functional Approach. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,
Quezon City, Philippines
• Nivera, G and Lapinid, M (2015). Grade 9 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities. Don
Bosco Press. Makati City, Philippines
• Argel, A., and Angeles, A. (2019). Mathematics for Grade 9 A Spiral Approach
Explanations, Examples, Exercises. Educational Resources Corporation, Quezon
City, Philippines
Wed Sources
• https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-11/equations-and-inequalities/02-
equations-and-inequalities-
06#:~:text=The%20discriminant%20(EMBFQ)&text=This%20is%20the%20expressio
n%20under,%2C%20rational%2C%20irrational%20or%20imaginary.
• https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/quadratic-equations/nature-of-roots/
• https://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/2147/Direct%2
0Variation%20Worksheets.pdf

Clarita T. Sebuala, Master Teacher I Mary Jane D. Cerdeña, Teacher II

Content Evaluator Format Evaluator

Elpidio G. Tamani Jr., Master Teacher I Mary Joy E. Guevarra, Teacher III
Content Evaluator Language Editor

Donny P. Almirol, Teacher III

Content Evaluator