Alexandria University

High Voltage Transients

(Part 3)

Dr. Mohamed M. Zakaria Moustafa

Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering

High Voltage Transients (Part 3)

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Outlines

• Bewley Lattice Diagram;

• Analysis of Transient Attenuation.

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The Bewley Lattice Diagram

• This is a convenient diagram devised by Bewley, which shows at a
glance the position and direction of motion of every incident,
reflected, and transmitted wave on the system at every instant of
time.

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The Bewley Lattice Diagram (Cont.)

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The Bewley Lattice Diagram (Cont.)

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Example
Construct a Bewley lattice diagram when a pulse source of
magnitude v volts with a resistance of 150 Ω, is applied across a
loss-free line with surge impedance of 400 Ω terminated with a
resistance of 200 Ω (as shown in Figure). Assume the line to be
of 10 km length.

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Example (Cont.)
ρL
ρs
ρs

ρL

ρL

ρs

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Example

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Example (Cont.)

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Example (Cont.)

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Analysis of Transient Attenuation

• So far, we have studied the lossless overhead transmission lines, so
there is no attenuation. It is not true for practical systems. The
analysis is more difficult due to the presence of losses.
• However, these losses are very much attractive because the energy
of waves is dissipated through these losses.
• These losses are due to the presence of resistance R and
conductance G of overhead lines.

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Analysis of Transient Attenuation (Cont.)

• Consider r, L, C and g as the parameters per unit length of an

overhead transmission line. V0 and I0 as the voltage and current
waves at x = 0 as shown in Fig.
• The aim is to determine the voltage (V) and current (I) waves after
traveling a distance x with time t sec.

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Analysis of Transient Attenuation (Cont.)

• Let us consider a small distance dx traveled by the wave in time dt.

The differential length, Δx, of the overhead line is shown in Fig.

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Analysis of Transient Attenuation (Cont.)

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Analysis of Transient Attenuation (Cont.)

Attenuation Factor

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Summary
There are two actions for any travelling wave over the TL

First Action Second Action

Incident, reflected and
transmitted waves at junction
points
➢ Attenuation in magnitude
(V0e-αx)
(where x is the distance measure
from the sending, and α is the
attenuation factor per unit
length)

➢ Phase shift in angle (-βx)

(where β is the phase angle shift
per unit length in radians) Proof!

High Voltage Transients (Part 3)