ASSIGNMENT –ONE- ON INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY&HYDROMETRY

1. a) What forms of precipitation are important in water resources engineering?

b) How is the density of rain gauge to affect the accuracy of precipitation over a basin?
c) Describe how you are going to supplement a missing rainfall data.
b) What are the various methods available to record rainfall depths at a place?
e) What considerations will you make for selecting a precipitation measuring site?
f) What do you understand by rain gauge network design? Is it possible to design a rain
gauge network with zero percent error in its mean?
2. A catchment area has seven rain gauge stations. In a year the annual rainfall recorded by the
gauges are as follows:

Station A B C D E F G

Rainfall (cm) 130 142.1 118.2 108.5 165.2 102.1 146.9

For a 5% error in the estimation of the mean rainfall, determine the minimum number of
additional stations required to be established in the catchment.
3. Allowing 7% error in estimating the mean RF data, calculate the minimum number of additional
stations required over the existing 6 number of gauges to represent the basin adequately. The
annual RF data for stations are 1280, 1440, 1200, 1090, 1660 and 1030 mm respectively.
4. Precipitation station X was inoperative for part of a month during which a storm occurred. The
respective storm totals at three surrounding stations, A, B, and C were 98, 80 and 110mm. The
normal annual precipitation amounts at stations X, A, B, C, are respectively, 880, 1008, 842,
1080mm. Estimate the storm precipitation for station X using all the methods possible.
5. The precipitation amounts for the months of June, July, and August are missing from the record
for one gauging station in a basin. This station belongs to a network of four in that basin. For
those three months, the other three stations recorded the following:

 
Station

 
1 2 3

June
55 65 75

July
47 50 45

August
45 40 55

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Estimate the missing precipitation values if the long-term annual average precipitation at the four
stations is:

Station

 
1 2 3 4

June
60 65 70 67

July
Use 50 55 65 60 the

August
45 47 60 55
Normal Ratio Method.
6. A station A was inoperative during September of 1999. Six neighboring stations were
operational during the period. The coordinates of the stations on a rectangular system
superimposed on the basin map with station A coinciding (0,0) position are given below:
Coordinates of the station
Station Rainfall(cm)
ΔX ΔY
B 8.3 4 5
C 10.1 6 8
D 7.7 9 6
E 12.2 3 4
F 11.3 4 6
G 12.4 5 7
A - 0 0
Calculate the missing rainfall of station A using all the methods you know and compare the
results.
7. To check the consistency of a station “x” the following data are collected from the neighboring
stations.

Year 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986
1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977
1976 1975

July ppt
Of station x 17.1 14.3 17.5 16.0 19.1 16.7 19.4 14.5 16.1
20.0 13.9 15.7 14.1 13.0 10.1 15.1 14.2 13.9
13.1 14.0
Seven
Station avg. 14.2 13.1 14.7 14.8 16.2 15.6 15.1 11.8 12.9
Precipitation 19.4 15.7 16.5 15.6 14.4 11.2 13.6 16.4 13.4
For July (cm) 14.3 12.9

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Is the data of station” consistent? If no, correct the data &find out the mean precipitation over the sub –
basin.

8. The following data from a self recording gauge during a storm are an obtained
Time (hr) 10.5 10.3 11.0 11.3 12.0 12.3 12 .45 13.0
Cumulative 2.2 4.0 5.1 6.7 8.8 9.1 9.5 9.7
Rainfall (cm)
Plot the rain fall hyetograph .also plot intensity –duration curve from the data.

9. An experimental rectangular plot of 10km *12km has five rainguage station .fit a coordinate system
to the plot such that the side 10km represents the abscissa. The storm rain fall &coordinate of the station
are as follow

Station station coordinate normal annual rainfall (cm) storm rainfall (cm)
A (1, 3) 128 12
B (8, 11) 114 11.4
C (3, 10) 136 13.2
D (5, 8) 144 14.6
E (7, 5) 109 ?
Compute the missing rainfall of station “E”.find the average rainfall of the plot by thiessen polygon &
isohytal method.

10. The coordinates of four precipitation gauging stations are A = (3,4), B = (9,4), C = (3,12), and D =
(9,12). The observed precipitation amounts at these gauges are PA = 15 mm, PB = 23 mm, PC = 10 mm,
PD = 19 mm, respectively. These stations are located in a rectangular basin whose boundaries are
defined by the following coordinates (0,0), (14,0), (14,16), (0,16). Compute the mean areal precipitation
over this basin using the Thiessen polygons method and the arithmetic average method.

(1)

(2)

Using Thiessen polygons, the areas of influence are AA = 48; AB = 64; AC = 48; AD = 64. The basin area is
Abasin = 224

11. The isohyetal map of 24hrs storm gave the area enclosed between different isohyets. Determine the
average rainfall over the basin

Isohyetal 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
3
in(mm)

Enclosed area 543 1345 2030 2045 2955 3280 3535 3710 3880 3915
in sq.km

12. The sketch below represents a catchment area with precipitation observed in a year. Calculate the
mean precipitation by thiessen method& check by arithmetic mean method

16km

10km A 10cm B 15cm

E4cm 6km 16km

10km
D 6cm C 8cm
EA= ED=10KM, AB=DC=AB=BC=16KM