ESTIMATION OF MISSING

RAINFALL DATA

GROUP 6
DAVID,ENOCH JANZ
DECANO, ALYSSA BIANCA
LINOG, LIEZL
MANABAT, RONELLE
SORIANO, CARIZA JANE
ESTIMATING OF MISSING RAINFALL DATA

 The point observation from a precipitation gage may have a short break in the record
because of instrument failure or absence of the observer.

 Thus, it is often necessary to estimate the missing record using data from the
neighboring station.
REASON FOR MISSING RAINFALL DATA

 Absence of observer The failure of the observer to make the necessary visit to the gage
may result in missing data.

 Instrument failure Instrument failure because of mechanical or electrical malfunctioning

can result in missing data.

 Relocation of the station

MEASUREMENT OF RAINFALL

• Amount of rainfall

• Intensity of rainfall

• Duration of rainfall

• Areal extent of rainfall

METHODS

• Arithmetic Mean method

• Nominal Ratio method

• Inverse Distance method

• Regression method
 ARITHMETIC MEAN METHOD

n = the number of surrounding stations

Pi = rainfall data of surrounding station at the time station
x is missing
Px = the missing rainfall

REMEMBER:

 The 30-year annual average of the missing station X is within 10% of the
surrounding stations
 There should be at least 3 surrounding stations with available data
 The distances of surrounding stations must be at least equidistant
 EXAMPLE

• Station A was knocked off by strong winds due to a typhoon Sta. B, C, D and E remains
intact. If the data for the storm and the stations annual daily average are given

Station A B C D E
Storm ? 75mm 92mm 107mm 96mm
Annual 69mm 67mm 72mm 115mm 68mm
Average
NORMAL RATIO METHOD (NRM)

Px – the missing rainfall

n – the number of surrounding stations
Pi – rainfall data of surrounding station at the time
station x is missing
Ni – Annual average of the surrounding stations
Nx – Annual Average of the missing station
 EXAMPLE

• Station A was knocked off by strong winds due to a typhoon. Stations B, C, D and E
remained intact. If the data for the storm and the stations annual daily average are
given:
Station A B C D E
Storm (Pi) ? 75mm 92mm 107mm 96mm
Annual 69mm 67mm 72mm 115mm 68mm
Average
(Ni)
 INVERSE DISTANCE METHOD
This is done by plotting the location of the missing station and the surrounding rain gauges on a
map. With the missing station at the center of the cartesian coordinate system and then plotting
the distance of the surrounding stations.
 ARG1 EXAMPLE
7 KM

TIME (MINS)
ARG
15 30 45
1 6.3 6.5 6.1
6.03 KM
2 5 5.1 5.4
ARG2 ARG6
3 12 13 13.2
6.28 KM
4 15 13 12.2
5 23 23.3 23
6 5.5 5.7 5.3
ARG3
10.63 KM 8.28 KM
ARG4 ARG5
9 KM
 TIME (MINS)
ARG DISTANCE
W (1/D2) 15 30 45
1 7 0.020408 6.3 6.5 6.1
2 6.28 0.025356 5 5.1 5.4
3 10.63 0.00885 12 13 13.2
4 9 0.012346 15 13 12.2
5 8.28 0.014586 23 23.3 23
6 6.03 0.027502 5.5 5.7 5.3
UNGAUGED 11.6593 11.66665 11.39544
 REGRESSION METHOD
Due to its complexity, the fourth method, Regression method will not be taught since it requires
mastery of advance statistics in order to obtain the necessary results.
THANK YOU