Hydrology and Groundwater (UCE401)

BE Civil, Semester 5th

Tutorial: 2

Precipitation

1. The average annual rainfall for 5 rain gauges in a basin is: 89, 54, 45, 41, and 55 cm. If the
error in the estimation of basin mean rainfall should not exceeded 10%, how many additional
gauges should be installed in the basin? If error is limited to 5%, what do you expect will be
the changes in optimum no. of rain gauges required and why?

2. Neighboring rain gauge stations A, B, C, D, E and F have normal annual rainfalls of 610,
554, 468, 606, 563 and 382 mm respectively. During a storm stations B, C, D E and F have
reported rainfalls of 22, 29, 35, 13 and 25 mm respectively and station A did not report, as it
was inoperative. Estimate the missing storm rainfall at A by the arithmetic average method
and the normal ratio method.

3. In a storm of 210 min durations, the incremental rainfalls at various time intervals are given
below:

Time since start of the storm(min) 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Incremental rainfall in the time 1.75 2.25 6.00 4.50 2.50 1.50 0.75
interval(cm)

 Obtain the ordinates of the hyetograph and represent the hyetograph as a bar chart with
time in chronological order in the X-axis
 Obtain the ordinates of the mass curve of rainfall for this storm and plot the same. What
is the average intensity of storm over the duration of the storm?

4. Annual rainfall at station X and the average of the annual rainfall at 15 nearby rain gauge
stations for a period of 35 years is given below:
Station X: 664, 552, 558, 578, 570, 555, 639, 687, 572, 524, 570, 743, 534, 496, 468, 532,
423, 473, 534, 491, 519, 456, 545, 534, 453, 474, 466, 478, 554, 433, 437, 458, 545, 560,
435
Base Stations: 593, 530,565, 534, 562, 478, 600, 552, 524, 502, 532, 611, 534, 501, 486,
583, 484, 610, 562, 481, 484, 481, 582, 514, 496, 532, 540, 484, 621, 486, 600, 434, 547,
636, 478
 Examine the consistency of the data at station X
 In which year did a change in regime occur?
 Determine the average annual rainfall at X for 35 years first without adjustment and later
with adjustment for the change in regime.

5. A network of 10 stations in and around a river basin has the thiessen weights of 0.10, 0.06,
0.11, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.11, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.10 respectively. Stations 2, 4, and 5 lie outside
the basin while the remaining are inside. If the rainfalls recorded at these gauges during a
storm are 150, 168, 158, 135, 156, 207, 138, 162, 114, and 132 mm respectively. Determine
the average depth of rainfall over the basin by arithmetic and Thiessen mean methods.

6. For a drainage basin of 600 km2, isohyets drawn for a storm gave the following data :
 Hydrology and Groundwater (UCE401)
BE Civil, Semester 5th

ISOHYETALS(interval)(cm) 15-12 12-9 9-6 6-3 3-1

Inter-Isohyetal Area(km2) 92 128 120 175 85

Estimate the average depth of precipitation over the catchment.

7. The shape of catchment is in the form of pentagon ABCDE. There are four raingauge
stations P. Q, R and S inside the catchment. The position coordinates in Km are A(0,0), B
(50, 75), C(100, 70), D(150,0), E(75,-50), P(50, 25), Q(100, 25), R(100, -25), and S(50, -
25). If the rainfalls recorded at P, Q, R and S are 88, 102, 112, and 116 mm respectively,
determine the average depth of rainfall over the catchment using thiessen polygon method.

8. The annual rainfall values at a station P for a period of 25 years are as follows:

Year Annual Rainfall (cm) Year Annual Rainfall(cm)

1950 113 1964 82.5
1951 94.5 1965 90.7
1952 76 1966 99.8
1953 87.5 1967 74.4
1954 92.7 1968 66.6
1955 71.3 1969 65.0
1956 77.3 1970 91.0
1957 85.1 1971 106.8
1958 122.8 1972 102.2
1959 69.4 1973 87.0
1960 81.0 1974 84.0
1961 94.5
1962 86.3
1963 68.6

Plot the curve of recurrence interval vs annual rainfall magnitude and by suitable
interpolation estimate the magnitude of rainfall at the station that would correspond to a
recurrence interval of (a) 50 years, and (b) 100 years.

9. Prepare the maximum depth duration curve for the 90 min storm given below:

Time (min) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Cumulative rainfall (mm) 0 8 15 25 30 46 55 60 64 67

10. For the data given in Question 9, prepare the maximum intensity-duration curve.

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