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NU Vision Statement
Vision, Mission, Goals, • We are National University, a dynamic private

& Objectives institution committed to nation building, recognized

internationally in teaching and research.
Educational Institutions NU Mission Statement
• A place where learners of different ages • Guided by the core values and characterized by our
cultural heritage of Dynamic Filipinism, National
• Carries out educational activities based on age
o Formal and informal education University is committed to providing relevant,
innovative, and accessible quality education and other
Formal Education Informal Education development programs.
structured method of learning anything learned • We are committed to our:
being administered by a independently outside the 1. Students, by molding them into ethical,
governing body conventional classroom spiritual, and responsible citizens;
Recognized by the 2. Faculty and employees, by enhancing their
government competencies, cultivating their commitment,
Follows a curriculum not restricted to certain and providing a just and fulfilling work
Preschool to college or locations and usually environment;
university integrates itself with 3. Alumni, by instilling in them a sense of pride,
environment commitment, and loyalty to their alma mater;
4. Industry partners and employers, by providing
Takes place in a stipulated participating students do not them Nationalians who will contribute to their
period expect to receive any growth and development;
Each stage aims to provide credentials but rather 5. Community, by contributing to the
with full series of skills; leads certificates of participation or improvement of life's condition.
to earning certificates or completion in recognition of
credentials. their involvement in the Vision Mission
activities
Statement Statement

Function Inspires and shapes Defines the key

Vision and Mission statement your understanding of measures of the
why you are in the institution success.
Vision Mission institution.
Desired end of an academic one-sentence statement
Answers What are our hopes What do we do?
institution relating to the intention of and dreams? Whom do we serve?
your institution's existence the
One-sentence statement What problem are we How do we serve
questions solving for the greater them
Should be clear memorable, "What do you do?" or "who do good?
and concise you do this for?" Who and what are we
Average is 14 words inspiring to change?
Shortest is 3 words must be clear by using simple
• "Equality for language with an average of Time Future Present
everyone" -a human 5-20 words
rights campaign Examples:
• "Spreading Ideas"
Longest is 26 words by TED Values Statement
• "A world in which • "The increase and
diffusion of
every person enjoys • Also called as "core values".
knowledge" by
all of the human
Smithsonian
• It is a list of fundamental doctrines that guide and direct
rights enshrined in the educational institution.
• "Seeking to put
the Universal
God's love into • This sets the moral direction of the institution and its
Declaration of academic community that guides
Human Rights and action, Habitat for
Humanity brings • It shape the standard structure that is shared and acted
other international upon by the academic community.
human rights people together to
build homes, • Answers the following questions:
instruments." - 1. What values are distinctive to our institution?
Amnesty community and
hope." by Habitat for 2. What value should be the direction of the
International management of the institution?
Humanity
• For an institution to have a useful values statement, it
must incorporate its values at all levels of the institution

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that give direction to their engagements, viewpoints, POINTS TO REMEMBER:

and decision-making.
• An educational institution carries out educational
Seven Core Values of NU engage students with various learning environments
• Integrity- "a reflection of who and what we are. We are and learning spaces.
honest, fair, just, and we will do right by everybody at • Education is based on age grade system from
all times." preschool, primary, intermediate, and secondary level
• Compassion- "this shows how much we value people. to the tertiary level.
We can feel what they feel and we can treat each one • A vision statement is the desired end of an academic
with care and understanding regardless of any institution. It is usually a one-sentence statement that
situation." describes the distinct and motivating long-term desired
• Innovation- "We continuously introduce creative transformation resulting from institutional programs.
change in something established not for the sake of • A mission statement is a one-sentence relating the
change itself, but with the purpose of constantly intention of an institution's existence.
improving and being responsive to the times." • A value statement is a list of fundamental doctrines that
• Industry- " A representation of how we view our guide and direct the educational institution.
function as well as the day-to-day tasks that we are • An educational objective is a short statement that a
assigned to do. We simply work hard and know how to learner should achieve within or at the end of the
manage our time, effort, and resources." course or a lesson.
• Respect- "A manifestation of how we treat other
people and situations. We likewise value something of
its quality or nature. Its general importance and its
impact to society."
• Resilience- "An evidence of the strength of our
character. We are not easily discouraged by the trials
and tribulations, but we know how to roll with the
punches and spring back into action."
• Patriotism- "Nationalism is rightfully at the center of our
institution and community. We display undying and
devoted love for our country and everything that it
stands for."
Objectives
• Also called as "goals"
• Short statements that learners should achieve within or
at the end of the course or lesson.
• When setting the objectives, curriculum developers
must think of the SMART criteria.
CMO No.13 Series of 2017
• BSMT/BSMLS Program Goals:
1. Develop knowledge, skills professional
attitude, and values in the performance of
clinical laboratory procedures, needed to help
the physician in the proper diagnosis,
treatment, prognosis, and prevention of
diseases;
2. Acquire critical thinking skills in Medical
Technology/ Medical Laboratory Science;
3. Engage in research and community-related
activities;
4. Participate in activities related to promoting
the profession and actively engage in life-long
learning undertakings; and
5. Develop collaborative and leadership
qualities.

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Determinants of Health
Health System
Health
• Health has different definitions depending on the
context.
• It can be defined based on the perspectives of a
layperson, health professional, and the World Health
Organization (WHO).

o Layperson's Perspectives
• A person is deemed healthy when they can
do their activities with no apparent symptoms
of disease in them.
• Dictionary definition: the state of being free
from illness or injury.

o Health Professional
• A measure of the state of the physical body,
and the ability of the body to function.
• Freedom from medically defined diseases.
o World Health Organization (WHO)
• A state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity.
• This definition has been recently expanded
to include the ability to lead a "socially and
economically productive life."
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
o Physical Health
Health System
• Ability to perform routine tasks without any
physical restriction. • Complex of resources, organization, financing, and
management that come in a same purpose of
o Mental Health delivering health to the population.
• Ability to learn and think clearly and • All the organizations, institutions, and resources that
coherently. are devoted to health actions (WHO,2000)
• Primary goals:
o Emotional Health 1. Improved health outcomes
2. More responsive health system
• Ability to express emotions in the appropriate
way; ability to maintain one's own integrity 3. More equitable health financing
under stressful situations. • Vital Functions:

o Social Health
• Ability to form meaningful relationships with
other people and interact in a positive way.

o Spiritual Health
• Relates health to personal values, beliefs,
principles, and ways of living.

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• Core Functions of Health
Stewardship
1. Identifying health priorities for allocation of
public resources;
2. Identifying an institutional an institutional
framework;
3. Coordinating activities with other systems
related to external health care;
4. Analyzing health priorities and resource
generation trends and their implications; and
5. Generating appropriate data for effective
decision-making and policymaking on health
matters
• Key Components
1. A well-functioning health system
responds in a balanced way to a
population's needs and expectations by:
1. Improving the health status of
individuals, families, and
communities;
2. Defending the population against
what threats its health;
3. Protecting people against the
financial consequences of ill-health;
4. Providing equitable access to
people-centered care;
5. Making it possible for people to
participate in decisions affecting
their health and health system.
o Strong leadership and policies are important
in responding to the healthcare needs of a
population.
o Factors negatively affecting/overriding
rational health policy making:
1. Disproportionate focus on specialist
curative care;
2. Fragmentation in a multiplicity of
competing programs, projects, and
institutions;
3. Pervasive commercialization of
health care delivery in poorly
regulated systems.
• WHO Health System Framework
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• Leadership and Governance
o Ensures that health authorities take
responsibility for steering the entire health
sector (not merely public sector service
delivery), and for dealing with future
challenges (i.e. natural disasters) as well as
current problems;
o Defining national health policies, strategy
and plan that set a clear direction for the
healthcare sector, with:
1. A formulation of the country's
commitment to high level policy
goals;
2. A strategy for translating these
policy goals into its implication for
financing, human resources,
pharmaceuticals, technology,
infrastructure and service delivery,
with relevant guidelines, plans, and
targets;
3. Mechanisms for accountability and
adaptation to evolving needs.
o Effective regulation through a combination of
guidelines, mandates, and incentives,
backed up by legal measures and
enforcement mechanisms;
o Effective policy dialogue with other sectors;
o Mechanisms and institutional arrangements
to channel donor funding ad align it to
country priorities.
• Health Information System
o Good health governance is only possible
with good information on:
1. Health Challenges;
2. The environment in which it
operates;
3. Performance of the system.
o Includes timely intelligence on:
1. Progress in meeting health
challenges and social objectives;
2. Trends and needs for HRH; on
consumption of and access to
pharmaceuticals; on
appropriateness and cost of
technology; on distribution and
adequacy of infrastructure;
3. Access to care and on the quality of
services provided;
4. Health financing.
• Health Financing
o It can be a key policy instrument to improve
health and reduce health inequalities if its
primary objective is to facilitate universal
coverage.
o This includes:
1. A system to raise sufficient funds
for health fairly;
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2. A system to pool financial resources Management Independent Government

across population groups to share Providers Privately Salaried and Publicly
financial risks; Contracted Contracted
3. A financing governance system
Human Resources for Health
supported by relevant legislation,
financial audit and public
•
expenditure reviews, and clear o In order for HRH to be well-performing, it
operational rules to ensure efficient requires:
use of funds. 1. Arrangements for achieving
sufficient number of the right mix
• Revenue Collection (numbers, diversity, and
o Collection of money to pay for healthcare competencies);
services. 2. Payment systems that produce the
o Methods: right kind of incentives;
1. General taxation 3. Regulatory mechanisms to ensure
2. Donor financing systemwide deployment and
3. Mandatory payroll contributions distribution in accordance with
4. Mandatory or voluntary risk-rated needs;
contributions 4. Establishment of job-related norms,
5. Direct household out-of-pocket deployment of support systems and
o Each method is associated with a specific enabling work environment;
way of organizing and pooling funds. 5. Mechanisms to ensure cooperation
of all stakeholders.
• Essential Medical Products and
Financial Risk Pooling
• Collection and management of financial resources in Technologies
a way that spreads financial risks from an individual to o Universal access to health care greatly relies
all pool members. on access to affordable essential medicines,
• It is the core function of health insurance vaccines, diagnostics and health
mechanisms; ensures financial protection. technologies of assured quality and are used
• Avoids payment at the moment of utilizing the in a scientifically sound and cost-effective
services, deterring people from seeking healthcare. way.
• Two main models of financial risk pooling: o 2nd largest component of most healthcare
Bismarck model Beveridge model budgets (after salaries); largest component
of private health expenditure in low- and
Compulsory funding by Funded by the middle-income countries.
employers and government revenues, o Key components include:
employees, coverage for entire 1. Medical products regulatory system;
administered by pre- population. 2. National lists o essential medical
existing "sickness products, national diagnostic and
funds”. treatment protocols, and
A "right" associated More generally in high standardized equipment per levels
with labor status. income countries (and of care;
then globally). 3. A supply and distribution system to
Keep workers healthy A shift from health ensure universal access to
and improve coverage as a "right to essential medical products and
productivity; pre-empt labor" to " health as health technologies through public
labor unrest. human right"; health and private channels, with focus on
coverage as a poor and disadvantaged;
constitutional or legal 4. A national medical products
right. availability and price monitoring
system;
Not aimed at "universal Concern with
5. A national program to promote
coverage". universality, social
rational prescribing.
cohesion/solidarity.
• Service Delivery
Feature Bismark Beveridge o Health systems are only as effective as the
Entitlement Contribution Citizenship/Residence services they provide.
Basis o Greatly depends on:
Funding Base Wages All Public Revenues 1. Networks of close-to-client primary
Insurer Occupational Government care, organized as health districts
Benefit Explicit Implicit or local area networks with the
Package

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back-up of specialized and hospital 1. DOH coordinates its national health

services. programs through the local
2. Provision of a package of benefits government units (LGUs).
with a comprehensive and 2. LGUs take care of their own health
integrated range of clinical and services and are given autonomy
public health interventions, under the Local Government Code
responding to the full range of (LGC) of 1991 (R.A. 7160).
health problems of their populations 3. LGUs are grouped into 17 regions.
(including MDG/SDG targets); 4. They operate in a decentralized
3. Standards, norms, and guidance to system, but the LGUs are under the
ensure access and essential supervision of the DOH regional
dimensions of quality: SAFETY, health offices.
EFFECTIVENESS, INTEGRATION,
CONTINUITY, and PEOPLE-
CENTEREDNESS;
4. Mechanisms to hold providers
accountable for access and quality,
and to ensure consumer voice.
• Philippine Health System
o Department of Health
1. Holds the overall technical authority
on health as it is a national health
policy-maker and regulatory
institution.
2. Three major roles in the health
sector:
1. Leadership in Health
2. Enabler and capacity
builder
3. Administrator of specific
services
3. Functions:
1. Develop national plans,
technical standards, and
guidelines on health;
2. Regulator of all health
services and products;
3. Provider of special tertiary
healthcare services and
technical assistance to
health providers and
stakeholders.
4. Vision by 2030: A global leader for
attaining better health outcomes,
competitive and responsive health
care system, and equitable health
financing.
5. Mission: To guarantee equitable,
sustainable and quality health for all
Filipinos, especially the poor, and to
lead the quest for excellence in
health.
6. Values: (1) integrity; (2) excellence;
(3) compassion and respect for
human dignity; (4) commitment; (5)
professionalism; (6) teamwork; (7)
stewardship of the health of the
people.
o Health Devolution in the
Philippines

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HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE MARIA ANTONETTE I T. RABAGO
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Forms of health informatics
Health
Informatics
Health informatics
• Development and assessment of methods and
systems for acquisition, processing , and interpretation
of health data.
• Discipline concerned with the systematic processing
off data, information, and knowledge in medicine and
healthcare.
• Deals with resources, devices, and methods required
to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use
of information in healthcare.
• Not restricted to the application of computers but
generally to the entire management of information in
healthcare.
Goals of health informatics
• Provide solutions for problems related to data,
information, and knowledge processing.
• Studies the general principles of processing data,
information, and knowledge in medicine and
healthcare.
• Specifically, it has a role in answering the new
challenges for healthcare:
1. Structures for pooling, communicating, and
applying clinical evidence.
2. Organizational processes to minimize
resource use while securing maximal benefit.
3. Development of tools and methods to achieve
these aims.
Health informatics is patient-centered
• Data and information are generated from patients.
• Healthcare communication is mostly patient-centered.
• Administered and financial data management of health
financing.
• Medical information departments concentrate in
handling patient records and databases.
• Evidence-based medicine focuses on the analysis of
clinical studies involving patients.
• Levels of application
o Instrumentation
o Bedside/Point-of-Care
o Care Unit
o Hospital
o Scientific Community & Society
• Technical applications of health informatics in the
hospital setting:
o Hospital administration and accounting
o Resource management
o Medical documentation
o Diagnostics and therapy
o Imaging
o Communication
o Information management
o Clinical decision support
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• Telemedicine and telehealth
1. Telemedicine
2. The practice of medicine over a distance
where interventions, diagnosis, and treatment
decisions are based on documents, and other
information transmitted through
telecommunication systems
3. Can be as simple as two health professionals
discussing a case over the phone, or as
complex as videoconferencing to conduct
real-time consultation.
4. Telehealth
o Delivery of clinical and non-clinical services
with the use of ICT
• Consumer health informatics
o Branch of medical informatics that analyzes
consumers' needs for information; studies
and implements methods for making
information accessible to consumers.
• Mobile health (mHealth)
o Use of electronic resources on medical topics
by healthy individuals
o Use of smartphone apps designed to foster
health and well-being.
o Send text messages to:
1. Encourage healthy behaviors;
2. Alert about disease outbreaks;
3. Remind patients to adhere to
specific care regimens.
• Electronic medical records
o A record format that is capable of being
shared across different healthcare settings.
o Includes patient demographics, medical
history, medications and allergies,
immunization status, laboratory test results,
radiology images, vital signs, etc.
o Allows for the streamlining of workflow in
healthcare settings and increases patient
safety through evidence-based decision
support, quality management, and outcomes
reporting.
• Store-and-forward Telemedicine
o Involves acquiring medical data and then
transmitting to a clinical specialist at a
convenient time for assessment offline.
o Properly structure EMR should be a
component of this transfer.
o Key difference between traditional in-person
patient meetings and telemedicine is the
omission of actual physical examination and
history.
• Remote patient monitoring
o Personal health and medical data collection
from a patient in one location, which is then
transmitted to a provider in a different
location.
o Helps clinicians and patients manage chronic
diseases.
o Use devices to transmit information such as
vital signs.
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Telehealth in the Philippines
• National Telehealth Center (NTHC), National Institutes
of Health, UP Manila.
• Established in July 30,1998 under the leadership of the
then UP Manila Chancellor, Dr. Perla Santos-Ocampo.
• Leading research unit of UP Manila in developing cost-
effective tols and innovations in ICT for improving
healthcare.
National Telehealth Service Program
(NTSP)
• A joint project of DOH and NTHC; a 5-year program
aimed at expanding telemedicine in 4th to 6th class
municipalities nationwide.
• Facilitates consults between primary care physicians in
GIDA and clinical specialists of the PGH using a
mobile-and internet-based interface and triaging
system.
NTHC Program Areas
1. eMedicine
o Clinical specialists are connected in urban
areas, making access to their services in rural
communities difficult.
o Through telemedicine research/service
through NTSP, a patient's condition can be
referred directly to clinical specialists in their
region or to PGH through ICT.
2. eRecords
o Advocates for electronic medical records
(EMR) that could easily work with other
information systems.
o Community Health Information Tracking
System (CHITS) - the first EMR for
government-based facilities now
implemented to >200 facilities in the country.
3. eHealth Policy Advocacy
o NTHC is convenor of the International Open
Source Network ASEAN+3, created by the
United Nations Development Program in
2007, and the Asia eHealth Information
Network, in cooperation with the WHO
Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) in
2012.
4. eSurveillance
o Develops innovations in mHealth and web-
based systems to monitor performance in
reaching goals of DOH priority programs.
5. eLearning
o Pre-service and in-service training to build
people's capacities on eHealth.
Provides trainings and seminars on eHealth.
Community Health Information
Tracking System (CHITS)
• An electronic medical record (EMR) system developed
by the NTHC to improve health information
management at the RHU level.
• Developed alongside health workers and features a
workflow much akin to what is employed in local health
centers nationwide.
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• Also built to gather and generate reports which health
workers need, and decision makers require.
• Being a free and open-source software, CHITS is
flexible and compliant to the needs of RHUs, local
health centers as well as DOH.
RxBox Research Program
• Aims to develop a locally-manufactured, medical-grade
telemedicine device and demonstrate its usefulness in
target RHUs/local health center in GIDA municipalities
nationwide.
• RxBox
1. A multi-component program (biomedical
device, EMR system, and telemedicine
training) designed to provide better access to
life-saving healthcare services.
2. Capable of capturing medical signals through
built-in sensors, storing data in an
EMR(CHITS), and transmitting health
information via internet to a clinical specialist
in PGH.
• RxBox Capabilities
1. Blood pressure monitor
• Measures the patient's blood
pressure for detection of
cardiovascular problems especially
hypertension.
2. Pulse oximeter
• Measures the level of oxygen in the
patient's blood and can help detect
lung and cardiovascular problems.
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Monitors the heart's activity; helpful
for those with acute and chronic
heart problems.
4. Fetal heart monitor
• Measures the unborn baby's heart
rate, helping detect fetal distress at
critical times of the pregnancy and
delivery.
5. Maternal tocometer
• Measures the strength of a mother's
uterine contractions during labor and
delivery, enabling early detection of
distress to the mother and/or the
baby.
6. Temperature sensor
• Measures the patient's temperature.
• rCHITS
1. Real-time monitoring of maternal and child
health indicators through CHITS, funded by
UNICEF and implemented by UPM-NTHC.
2. Three main components of the project:
• CHITS
• mReports
▪ Gathers relevant health
data from the barangay
level using free and open
source mobile applications.
• LGU Dashboard
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▪ Graphical user interface

which can be accessed
through the web which
allows the local chief
executives (LCEs) to see
the health status of his/her/
respective community or
barangay.
o Through this mechanism, LCEs can make
sound and evidence-based decision which
could improve health outcomes in their
community.
o It can also serve as a means of quickly
checking the status of maternal and child
health in a municipality by which immediate
action can be done by respective authorities if
necessary.
Integrated Clinic Information System
• Provides a systematic way to manage patient records
and generates standardized reporting requirements
both at the local and national level.
• Supports the function of a health facility devoted to
providing primary healthcare services of patients.
• Features of iClinicSys:
o Field health service program (maternal care,
family planning, child care, dental care,
tuberculosis, filariasis, malaria, leprosy,
environmental health, natality, morbidity,
mortality).
o Unified disease registries (cancer, diabetes,
stroke, COPD, injuries, etc.).
o Watching over Mothers & Babies (WOMB).
• Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps)
o Philippine Health Information Exchange
• PhilHealth Systems
• Maternal and neonatal death
reporting system
EMRs in the Philippines
1. iClinicSys- DOH
2. CHITS- UP Manila NTHC
3. Seg-RHIS- Segworks Technologies
4. eHatid- LGU- ADMU-DOST
5. SHINE OS+- ADMU-Smart Telecommunications
6. WAH-EMR- Wireless Access for Health

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Health Management
2. Scheduling
• observed to distribute resources to areas that need
them. An example is linking the schedule to the billing

Information 3.
•
of the entity.
Authorization Tracking
Focuses on monitoring o =f the authorized personnel

System 4.
and their use of the authorized units.
Billing
Health Management Information • Refers to the notification of the charges for the patient
and other related documents such as the compliant
System electronic claim.
5. Accounts Receivable (A/R) Management
• Designed to assist in the management and planning
of health programs rather that delivery care (WHO, • Ensures that customers are properly notified about
2004) their bill and will settle it accordingly. Data for A/R
management include tracking aging of unpaid
• Components:
1. Health services, tracking reasons for denials, and aged
receivable report by payer source.
2. Refers to clinical studies, clinical procedures,
and database processes. 6. Reporting
3. Management • Refers to reports issued by the entity which could be
o Refers to principles that help administer the basic reports or report writer.
healthcare enterprise. 7. Medical Record
o Information System • Also called an electronic health record (HER)
o Refers to the ability to analyze and • A collection of digital information about the patient.
implement applications for effective and Aside from patient registration, the data could include
efficient transfer of patient information. assessment, treatment plan, and progress/encounter
notes.
• A set of integrated components and procedures
organized with the objective of generating information 8. Compliance
that will improve healthcare management decisions at • Refers to procedure that should be followed for the
all levels of the health system. improvement of the condition of the patient or the
service provided such as treatment plan and progress
• Routine monitoring system that evaluates the process
with the intention of providing warning signals through note.
the use of indicators. 9. Financial Data
• Used to plan and coordinate healthcare services in • Refer to information relating to the performance of the
their catchment area. entity collected for administering purposes. These
include financial reports, general ledger, payroll, and
accounts payable.
Roles of HMIS
1. To provide quality information to support decision- Fundamental Information Processing
making at all levels of the healthcare system in any
medical institution;
Phases
2. To encourage the use of health information in 1. Data input
hospitals; • Data Acquisition
3. To aid in the setting of performance targets at all o Refers to the generation and collection of
levels of healthcare service delivery; data through the input of standard coded
4. To assist in evaluating the performance at all level of formats.
the health sector. • Data Verification
o Involves data authentication and validation.
Function of HMIS
The authority, validity, and reliability of the
data sources help ensure quality of gathered
1. Planning data.
2. Prediction and early detection of outbreaks 2. Data Management
3. Designing interventions • Data Storage
4. Monitoring and evaluation o Includes preservation and archiving of data.
5. Resource allocation It is advisable that data which are no longer
actively used should be archived. At times, it
List of Functions of HMIS is mandatory and part of legislation.
1. Client data • Data Classification
• relates to all the information of the client which is o Also called data organization
related to his/her transactions, reports, and other o Sets the efficiency of the system. Key
information such as client billing data, clinical data, parameters should be used for data
and other client data.

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classification schemes for easier data 1. Behavioral Determinants

search. • Knowledge, skills, attitudes, values,
• Data Computation and motivation of the people who
o Requires various forms of data manipulation collect and use data.
and data transformation. This function allows 2. Organizational/Environmental
data analysis, synthesis, and evaluation so Determinants
that data can be used not only for decision- • Information culture, structure,
making but also for other tactical and resources, roles, and
operational use. responsibilities of the health system
• Data Update and key contributors at each level.
o Facilitates new and changing information 3. Technical Determinants
and requires constant monitoring. The • Data collection processes, systems,
mechanism for data maintenance must be in forms, and methods.
place for updating changes for manual or
automated transactions.
3. Data Output
• Data Retrieval
o Pertains to the processes of data transfer
and data distribution. The transfer process
considers the duration of transmittal of
required data from the source to the
appropriate end-user. The economics of
producing the needed information is a
significant criterion.
• Data Presentation
o The reporting of the interpretation of the
information produced by the system.
Summary tables and statistical reports are
expected but the use of visuals is
encouraged especially for high-level
managerial decision-making because they
provide a better intuitive perspective of the
data trend.

Determinants of HMIS Performance

Area
1. Behavioral Determinants
• The data collector and users of the HMIS need to
have confidence, motivation, and competence to
perform HMIS tasks in order to improve the routine
health information system (RHIS) process.
2. Organizational Determinants
• The important factors that affect the development of
the RHIS process are the structure of the health
institution, resources, procedures, support services,
and the culture within the organization.
3. Technical Determinants
• Technical factors involve the overall design used in
the collection of information. It comprises the
complexity of the reporting forms, the procedure set
forward in the collection of data, and the overall
design of the computer software used in the collection
of information.
Performance of Routine Information
System Management (PRISM)
Framework
• A conceptual framework that broadens the analysis of
HMIS/RHIS by including the three determinants of
HMIS performance namely:

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o
Health
Basis for evidence and knowledge to shape
health actions.
• Dissemination and use
o Accessibility of generated information to

Information decision-makers.

Different Levels of Application

System Individual Level
• Data on patient's profile, healthcare needs, and
treatment.
Health Information System • Basis for clinical decision-making and sound
individual health care.
• Any system that captures, stores, manages, or
transmits information related to the health of • Problems can arise when health workers are
individuals or the activities of organizations that work overburdened by excessive data and reporting
within the health sector. demands from multiple and poorly coordinated
subsystems.
• A well-functioning HIS is an integrated effort to collect,
process, report, and use health information and Healthcare Facility Level
knowledge to influence policy and decision-making, • From aggregated facility-level records and from
program action, individual and public health administrative sources.
outcomes, and research. • Enable healthcare managers to:
• Cover different systems that capture, store, 1. Determine resource needs.
manage, transmit health-related information that 2. Guide purchasing decisions for drugs,
can be sourced from individuals or activities of a equipment, and supplies.
health institution. 3. Develop community outreach.
1. Disease Surveillance System • Provide immediate and ongoing information
2. District Level Routine Information System relevant to public health decision-making,
3. Hospital Patient Administration Systems provided that the data:
(PAS) 1. Is of high quality.
4. Human Resource Management Information 2. Relates to both public and private facilities.
Systems (HRMIS) 3. Representative of the services available to
5. Laboratory Information System (LIS) the population as a whole.
Key Functions Population Level
1. Data Generation • Population level data are essential for public health
2. Compilation decision-making and generate information about
3. Analysis and Synthesis healthcare service utilization.
4. Communication and Use • Household surveys
• Primary source of data in developing
Different Information in HIS countries where facility-based statistics are
1. Health Determinants of limited quality.
2. Health System Inputs • Good source of information on individual
3. Health System Outputs health beliefs, behaviors, and practices
4. Health Outcomes (critical health determinants).
5. Health Inequities Public Health Surveillance
• Brings together information from both facilities and
Components of HIS communities.
• Resources • Focuses mainly on defining problems and providing a
o Legislative, regulatory, and planning timely basis for action.
frameworks; personnel, financing, logistics • Timeliness of reporting and response, and effective
support, ICT, coordinating mechanisms. linkages to those in authority.
• Indicators
o Health determinants, health system inputs, Major Health Information Systems in the
outputs, outcomes, health status.
• Sources Philippines
o Population-based or institution-based.
• Management
o Collection, storage, quality assurance, Philippine Health Information Exchange
processing, compilation, and analysis. • A platform for secure electronic access and efficient
• Information products exchange of health data and/or information among

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health facilities, healthcare providers, health Adverse Event Bacterial Paralytic

information organizations, and government agencies. Following Meningitis Shellfish
Field Health Service Information System Immunization Poisoning
Any Disease Cholera
• The official information system of the DOH that
Outbreak
oversees gathering health data from the field.
Any clustering Measles Dengue Pertussis
• A major component of the network of information
of patients with Diphtheria
sources developed by the DOH that enable the
similar Influenza Rabies
agency to better manage nationwide health service
disease, HIV/AIDS Japanese
delivery activities.
symptoms, or Encephalitis
• An important source of data for the regular health syndromes
status monitoring and evaluation along with other Leptospirosis Typhoid
sources. Meningococcal Malaria and
disease Paratyphoid
• Objectives:
Fever
1. To provide data to health service delivery
and selected program accomplishments at Surveillance in Post-Extreme
local levels. Emergencies and Disasters
2. To provide data which, when combined with
data from other sources, can be used for • An early warning surveillance system
program monitoring and evaluation. that when activated in post-disaster and
3. To provide a standardized, facility-level extreme emergency situations:
database which can be accessed for more 1. Ensures early detection of increase in both
in-depth studies. communicable and non-communicable
4. To minimize the burden of recording and diseases.
reporting in the service delivery level in order 2. Monitors trends of health conditions.
to allow more time for patient care and 3. Enables identification of appropriate
promotive activities. response in preventing diseases and
Philippine Integrated Disease averting deaths.
Surveillance and Response • Key Features of SPEED
1. Utilizes syndromic surveillance.
• An enhanced surveillance system that monitors 2. Adopts available ICT such as SMS and the
notifiable diseases and other health-related events of internet for data collection, analysis, and
public health importance utilizing an integrated report generation.
approach. 3. Focuses on the 21 most common health
• Key features of PIDSR relating to health data: conditions encountered after a disaster.
1. Effective and efficient management of 4. Features an alert notification system that
surveillance data and use of information for instantaneously cues the health system
decision-making, including monitoring and where immediate response is most needed.
evaluation of intervention programs at all 5. Complements the existing routine
levels. surveillance systems.
2. Open lines of communication with
• Mechanism of SPEED
established feedback loops at all levels.

Notifiable Diseases
Category 1 Category 2
Immediately Immediate Weekly reportable
reportable reporting diseases/ syndromes/
diseases / upon events
syndromes / laboratory
events confirmation

Acute Flaccid Poliomyelitis Acute bloody Neonatal

Paralysis diarrhea Tetanus
Anthrax Acute
hemorrhagic
fever
Human Avian Acute Viral Non-
Influenza Hepatitis neonatal
Severe Acute Cholera Acute Tetanus
Applications of SPEED
Respiratory Flaccid
Syndrome Paralysis
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• September 2010 - Fire, City of Navotas

o SPEED helped facilitate allocation and
mobilization of tetanus toxoid for resident
with fire-related injuries.
• October 2010 - Supertyphoon Juan, Panuiqi,
Tarlac
o The health trends in evacuation centers were
monitored more closely by the local and
national government.
• February 2011 - Eruption of Mt. Bulusan, Irosin,
Sorsogon.
o Local leaders were able to assess more
readily the severity of respiratory problems
experienced by residents.
• June 2011 - Flooding in Pigcawayan (Region XII),
North Cotabato and north Cabuntalan,
Maguindanao (ARMM).
o Investigation and management of diseases
with breached alert threshold were carried
out more promptly, thus decreasing disaster-
related morbidities and mortalities.

PIDSR and SPEED

Characteristics PIDSR SPEED

Objective Early detection of Early detection of

outbreaks and unusual increases
early response. or occurrence in
communicable and
non-communicable
diseases/health
conditions to
provide early
response during
emergencies and
disasters.
Diseases Communicable 21 communicable
Monitored disease with and non-
outbreak potential. communicable
diseases common
during disasters.
Always activated Yes, part and No, activated only
parcel of routine post-extreme
surveillance. emergencies or
disasters.
Path of Detection Case-based Event-based
surveillance, lab- surveillance.
based surveillance,
and event-based
surveillance.
Frequency of Weekly for Daily and
Reporting category 2 and immediately upon
within 24 hours for detection when
category 1. Notification Alert
Level is breached.

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HMIS M&E and HMIS Indicators

Indicator
Monitoring and • A variable which measures the value of the
change in units that can be compared to the

Evaluation
past and future units.
• Focus is on a single aspect of a program
such as input, output, etc.
• HMIS uses various indicators to monitor key
Monitoring And Evaluation aspects of health system performance.
Five broad categories of HMIS
Monitoring indicators:
1. Reproductive health
• The collection, analysis, and use of
2. Immunization
information gathers from programs for the
3. Disease prevention and control
purpose of learning from the acquired
4. Resource utilization
experiences, accounting the resources
5. Data quality
used, and obtaining results and making
decisions.
Key points to remember:
Evaluation • M&E is a core component of current
• Systematic assessment of completed efforts to scale up for better health.
programs or policies; main objective is to Global partners and countries have
gauge the effectiveness of the program so developed a general framework for M&E
that adjustments can be made in areas that of health systems strengthening.
need improvement. • The primary aim of HMIS is to have a
WHO M&E FRAMEWORK strong M&E and review system in place
for the national health strategic plan that
• Indicator domains comprises all major disease programs
• Data collection and health systems.
• Analysis and synthesis • HMIS is a source of data necessary for
• Communication use monitoring different aspects of various
health programs implemented in a
M&E Plan country.
• Addresses the components of the
framework and establishes the foundation
for regular reviews during the
implementation of the plan.

The framework should:

1. Be localized.
2. Address the needs for multiple users and
purposes.
3. Facilitate the identification of indicators and
data sources.
4. Be able to use the M&E in disease-specific
programs.

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