SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Prelim & Midterm

Name: Angel B. Dumot Year & Section: BSTM III-A Date: December 14,2020

1. Discuss and differentiate deliberate alternative tourism and circumstantial

alternative tourism.
Answer:
Deliberate alternative tourism - Alternative tourism that is deliberately
maintained as such through the implementation of an enabling regulatory
environment.

Circumstantial alternative tourism - Alternative tourism that results by

default from the fact that the destination is currently situated within the early
low intensity stages of the resort cycle

Deliberate Alternative Tourism. What makes this ideal type

‘deliberate’ is the existence of the regulatory framework that deliberately keeps
it alternative. Without these regulations, the ideal type can be more
appropriately described as Circumstantial Alternative Tourism (Weaver,
1991), meaning that the apparent adherence to alternative tourism simply
reflects the fact that the destination is experiencing ‘exploration’ or
‘involvement’-type circumstances within the destination life cycle model. It is, in
essence, alternative tourism by default rather than intent. It is crucial to
determine whether a destination adheres to deliberate or circumstantial
alternative tourism, since in the absence of such a regulatory framework there
is no insurance against the possibility that tourism will evolve into something
more intensive and/or less benign.

2. Provide at least 2specific destinations that falls under deliberate alternative

tourism and why it falls under it?
Answer:
1. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
2. Oslo Whale and Shark Watching
The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Park and Oslo Whale and Shark
Watching destinations fall under deliberate alternative tourism because they
have regulations supplemented or guidelines for the protection of the
destination and to sustain it to deliberate ecotourism site.
3. Provide at least 2 specific destinations that falls under circumstantial alternative
tourism and why it falls under it?
Answer:
1. Tabun acan Hinulugan Falls
2. Egang Cave in Maayon
Tabun acan Hinulugan Falls and Egang Cave in Maayon falls under
circumstantial alternative tourism because there’s no specific regulations
supplemented or guidelines being implemented in this two destination.

4. Draw the destination life cycle model and discuss each stage in the cycle by
using a specific tourist destination.

5. Discuss advocacy, cautionary, adaptancy and knowledge-based in Jafari’s

platform model
Answer:

1. ADVOCACY PLATFORM
This platform is characterized by strong support for tourism as it has
positive & uncritical attitude toward tourism. The advocacy platform sees that
tourism always has benefits to various regions of the world and emphasizes
on market-product equation vs. host communities. And in Advocacy platform
it sees tourism as a good thing and celebrates tourism’s positive impact on
the economy, environment, and society. And the end result of advocacy is
mass tourism.

2. CAUTIONARY PLATFORM
This platform argues that unregulated tourism development eventually
culminates in unacceptably high environmental, economic and sociocultural
costs for the residents of destinations, who have the most to lose as a result
of these costs. Therefore, this platform emphasizes negative destination
impacts especially on wildlife and natural environment . Moreover, in this
platform, tourism is seen as potential danger to host communities, a threat
to culture, and leakage of economic benefits. In management perspective,
tourism development should be controlled or avoided.
3. ADAPTANCY PLATFORM
The platform suggests one of the adaptations, which is ‘alternative’
modes of tourism activities that are positive for host communities (alternative
tourism) (e.g. home stays). Alternative tourism means that it is alternative to
mass tourism. Adaptancy platform acknowledges that mass tourism has
negative impact but these can be minimized or avoided by “alternative
tourism” which refers to low-volume low impact forms of tourism. In
conclusion, alternative tourism is presented as ‘good’ tourism, and mass
tourism is seen as ‘bad’ tourism.

4. KNOWLEDGE-BASED PLATFORM
This platform presents that all scales of tourism have positive and
negative impacts. This platform was inspired by emerging notions of
sustainable development where a holistic, systematic approach is needed in
order to utilize rigorous scientific methods to compile the knowledge needed
to properly assess (evaluate) and manage the tourism sector. It views tourism
from holistic perspective; not just from the impact and forms but in terms of
underlying structures and functions. Supports critical analysis of tourism and
is not inclined to labelling certain forms of tourism.