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SECTION THREE
METHOD AND PROCEDURE
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The Research design for this study is a survey research design which aims at finding the
effect of examination malpractice and its implications on examination malpractice. The survey
was designed to capture two hundred level computer science students and three hundred level
student of computer science students in the university of Jos as a target population. The
resulting data will be used to make general statement about the adoption of computer-based
testing and assessment. The reason why the survey techniques was used was because this
technique allowed the researcher to use only a small portion of the population, to collect a large
amount of data in a relatively short period of time using questionnaires. This questionnaire
consists of predetermined set of questions that is given to a sample with a representative sample.

This sample group participated in answering the questionnaires used in the data collection
and provided most of the information that helped answer the objectives of this research.

3.2 POPULATION AND SAMPLE

3.2.1 Population

The population of the study is made up of University students of the University of Jos,
department of computer science student, Jos, Nigeria. All participants are currently students in
two hundred level (200) or three hundred level (300) of the university of Jos, department of
Computer Science which constitute the population for this study from which the sample will be
drawn. The total population is three-hundred and thirty-five students (345).
3.2.2 Sample
Two levels were sampled for this study from the population which contained 160 students. Three
(300) hundred level students and Two hundred (200) level students in the department of
Computer Science, University of Jos where sampled respectively.

The two classes that were selected in the study which consists of Eighty students drawn from
each of the levels mentioned.
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3.3 SAMPLING
Under the survey method, the sampling technique was used to identify the target population that
was to participate in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select sample from the
students’ population. This is because the study focused on students involved in computer-based
test and pen-paper test in the University of Jos, Department of computer science. The general
sample size was determined from the total number of students who were users of computer-based
test and pen-paper test in the university during the 2018/2019 for the department of computer
science student. Samples were selected only from the two levels.

One hundred and Sixty students (160) which were selected based on random sampling. Eighty
(80) students from Three hundred (300) level and Eighty (80) students from Two hundred (200)
level students of Computer Science, University of Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria.

The total population of the students making use of computer-based test and those who sat
for Pen and paper test is Three hundred and Twenty-eight students (328), comprising of One
hundred and Fifty-three (153) from Three hundred (300) Level Students and One hundred and
Seventy-five (175) Students from Two hundred (200) Level. A total of 160 respondents are
sampled.

3.4 INSTRUMENT(S) FOR DATA COLLECTION

The instrument used for data collection is a questionnaire consisting of thirty-three (35)
items titled “Effect of computer-based test and its implication on examination malpractice to the
department of computer science students of the University of Jos. It was made up of three
sections: Section A provided personal data while Section B contains the item of the format that
was adopted where respondents were requested to tick the box containing the appropriate option.
and Section C contains the item of the format that was adopted where respondents were
requested to tick the box containing the appropriate option. The questionnaire copies were
administered to the student by the researcher.

3.5 VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT(S)

The testing of the research work is based on the level of significance which is chosen to
be 1=0.05, which is also the same. Therefore, the probability rejects the null hypothesis and
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accepts the alternative hypothesis, when the chi-square calculated is less than the chi-square
tabulated, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis.

3.5.1 Validity

The instrument to be used for this study was subjected to expert’s judgement and further pilot
testing in order to validate its appropriateness, meaningfulness and usefulness which is the

3.5.2 Reliability

A survey was carried out in the department using questionnaire to ascertain the reliability of the
study. The reliability of the instrument was calculated using test-retest measures of reliability.

3.6 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

The study used various variables in addressing the problems and meeting the objectives
of the study which were, to measure the respondents’ attitude toward transition from Paper and
Pencil Testing to Computer Based Testing and Assessment, their attitude towards the appropriate
transition mode and their opinion as to whether computer based testing and assessment would
eliminate cheating cases in examinations.

The researcher used structured questionnaire for collection of data. The researcher went
to the field to distribute the questions to the correspondents who filled the questionnaire and
returned it back to the researcher. The researcher also used observation to collect information
from the department and also observed the numbers of computers in the department and also
asked relevant questions from the lab attendant.

3.6.1 Training Research Assistant

Research assistants are the Lab attendance and the course representatives of Three hundred level
students and Two hundred level computer science students in the university of Jos.

3.6.2 Administration of Instrument(s)

Before the administration of the questionnaire, students that sat for CBT and Pen-and-Paper test
were assembled to a hall and the questionnaire was administered concurrently.

3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The researcher used chi-square in testing of hypothesis.
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