CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter contains the research design, research subject, research data,

research instrument, data collection procedure, and data analysis procedure.

3.1. The Research Design

This study is of an applied quantitative research in the form of survey.

Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analysing numerical data.

Since the researcher wants to know how the composing process in writing

descriptive essay, the researcher would collect the data by distributing a

questionnaire to the participants.

3.2 The Research Subjects

The subjects of the research were the students joining Writing B of the

2020/2021 academic year of the English Education Study Program, Faculty of

Teacher Training and Education, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University.

They belonged to three parallel classes (A, B, and C). There were

altogether 41 students who became the subjects under the study.

3.3 The Research Data

In line with the focus of the study, that is the students’ composing process,

the research data to answer the research question was in the form of verbal

information about how the students composed descriptive essays. The data of the

study were collected using questionnaire adopted from Petric and Czarl (2003).

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The source of the data was the respondents’ answers provided on the questionnaire

distributed online by the researcher from 25 September to 10 October 2020.

3.4 The Research Instruments

To elicit the quantitative data as mentioned above, the researcher used

questionnaire as the instrument to collect the research data. According to Arikunto

(2013: 136), research instrument was a device used by the researcher to collect the

research data to make his/her work becomes easier and to get better, complete, and

systematic results in order to make the data easy to process. The questionnaire was

used to elicit information from all the students under study to get an overall

description about their composing process. The questionnaire was adopted from

the questionnaire constructed by Petric and Czarl (2003) and was transformed into

an online form using Google Form.

That questionnaire was proven to have good validity and reliability.

Evidence of Validity and realibility was required. The questionnaire was used to

deliver the research’s question to know the process of composing descriptive

essay of the English Education Study program students about writing in writing

course B. Before distributing the online questionnaire to the real participants, the

researcher distributed it to other non-participants students to get some feedback on

the wordings and the interface of it. The researcher tried it out to 19 students. The

researcher asked the students if there was any problem when they filled the

questionnaire in. They said they did not have any problem when filling in the

questionnaire. Since the questionnaire try-out indicated that the questionnaire

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adopted from Petric and Czarl (2003) had been well developed, the researcher could use the questionnaire to the research participants.

3.5 The Data Collection Procedure

To obtain the data of the study, the researcher carried out the following the procedures. First, the researcher distributed the

questionnaire online using google form to the participants who were joining Writing B course. As mentioned above, the

questionnaire was distributed from 25 September to 10 October 2020. Second, the researcher downloaded the questionnaire

completely answered by the participants compiled them to be analysed.

3.6 The Data Analysis Technique

The data already compiled were analysed through the following procedure. First, the researcher did the coding upon the

participants’ answers given on the questionnaire. Second, the researcher calculated the frequency of the recurrence of the

participants’ answers to the questions concerning the composing process of writing descriptive essay. The calculation of the

frequency of the recurrence was categorized on the basis of the composing process. Third, the researcher drew a comprehensive

conclusion as the findings of the study.