Biology - The 5 Kingdoms of LIFE!

   

This planet has an incredible number of living things that are all incredibly
unique. However, they can all be categorized into five overarching "kingdoms"

Taxonomy - the branch of science concerned with the classification and

organization of living creatures, past and present.

5. Animals - the most complex of living organisms. The animal kingdom includes
mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and fish. Animals must eat other organisms,
from either the animal kingdom, or any of the other kingdoms, for energy. Animals
are divided into two groups - vertebrates and invertebrates

4. Plants - use chlorophyl to convert sunlight into energy - the majority of

plants create their own food from sunlight, nut a few also eat other organisms
(e.g. Venus Flytrap.) Plants are divided into two groups: flower/fruit bearing,
and non-flower/fruit bearing

3. Fungi - usually motionless; absorb their nutrients from other organisms.

Include mushrooms, molds, yeast.

2. Protists - mostly unicellular organisms, that have a nucleus (unlike monera)

Most live in water, some move, others do not. Include algae, paramecium, and
amoebas.

1. Monera - unicellular organism, the most basic form of living things -

they have no nucleus, and have very few organelles. This kingdom includes
bacteria, and blue-green algae, and several pathogens.

5.
 Zareiff
  04/24/2017
   

Classifying Living Organisms

To study the diversity of life, biologists use a
classification system to name organisms and group them into
a logical manner.

Organisms are classified into seven levels.

From broadest category to more specific category, they are:
From
Top Kingdom
|
Down

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
A mneumonic to remember the order of these:
King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup
Karate Panda Crushed Old Freakish Gallbladder Stones
 
   

Phylum: from Greek word "phylon", meaning "tribe" or "stock

Based on genetic relation.

Class: somewhat arbitrarily (randomly) determined; often based on anatomic

structures

Order: Also somewhat arbitrary; usually a "nomenclature" - applies scientific

names (nomen: Latin for "name"

Family: Also somewhat arbitrau; can be used for evolutionary and

palaeontological studies, as families predate current genus and species (e.g.
ancesters would be the same Family, but may be technically a different genus
and species - homo neanderthals predate homo sapiens (humans), but both are in
the hominidae family, and are genetically very similar

Kingdom: Animal
Phylum: Chordata

3 Characteristics of ALL Vertebrates:

1)Internal skeleton, made of bone or cartilage

2)Backbone - a spine, made up of small blocks called vertebra

3)A skull

There are 7 classes of Vertebrates/Chordata, but 3 of the classes of Fish

1)Mammals

2)Fish
a) bony fish
b) Chondrichthyes (chondres=cartilage, ichthys=fish)
c) Agnatha (a=lacking, gnathos=jaw),

3)Birds

4)Reptiles

5)Amphibians
  
   
Amphibians
Amphibian - from two Greek words that mean "double life"

Amphibians spend part of their life in water, and part of their life on land.

Many amphibians, such as frogs, go through a process called metamorphosis

Metamorphosis - undergoing a complete change

'meta' - higher level; 'morph' - form or structure; 'osis' - state of being

Frogs begin as tadpoles, which are herbivores, eating only plants for food
Tadpoles have gills to breath, and thus must live under water.

Through the process of metaporphosis, tadpoles lose their tails, grow legs, and
develop lungs.

In addition to lungs, frogs can also breath through their skin, which is kept
moist with mucus. Frogs must stay near water to keep moist.

Adult frogs eat other animals or insects, and are no longer herbivores

Unlike bird eggs, frog eggs do not have hard shells, and must be laid in or near
water.
 
   
Cold Blooded VS Warm Blooded

Cold Blooded Warm Blooded

Mammals

1) Fish (Bony, cartiligous, jawless

2) Amphibians
3) Reptiles
6) Birds
7) Mammals
 
   
Organ Systems
1. Integumentary system - consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
Acts as a barrier to the outside world. It helps retain fluids in the body,
protects against disease, eliminates wastes, and regulates body temperature.
In a frog, it is also part of the respiratory system, and can change color,
for camoflauge, or for regulating body temperature

2. Digestive System - converts food into energy that the body can use

3. Circulatory System - the body's delivery system, that circulates

blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body

4. Muscular system - allows parts of the body to move, and to move materials
through the body.

5. Nervous system - the control center of the body, the most crucial parts
of which are sheilded by are vertebrae. It is made of up the brain, spinal
cord, and nerves. It receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses
to organs.

6. Reproductive system - involves a number of organs and glands required

for an organism to reproduce.

7. Skeletal system - provides the for the body, and support/protection.

 
   

This week:

7 Systems & What they do

Scientific Method - Preparation for Frog Dissection.

Drill
What two systems did you learn about last week, and what do they do?

1.
2.