ME303

Manufacturing Technologies
HW#1
Shammas Mohamed
110410311
 The way I named my variables is by adding the letter of the part to the beginning to
make the workspace more organized and easier to read.

%% First I will import the data for each material

% AISI Steel

AISI_Extension = AISI1045E{:,:} .* 10^-3;

AISI_Load = AISI1045L{:,:} ;
AISI_TStrain = AISI1045TS{:,:} ;
AISI_OArea = 39.258*10^-6 ;
AISI_OLength = 25.4*10^-3 ;

% Aluminium
aluminum_Extension = Aluminum6061T6E{:,:} .* 10^-3;
aluminum_Load = Aluminum6061T6L{:,:} ;
aluminum_TStrain = Aluminum6061T6ST{:,:} ;
aluminum_OArea = 39.258*10^-6;
aluminum_OLength = 25.4*10^-3;

The solution for each part will be given in the following pages:
Part A:
%% Part A

%Engineering Stress-Strain graph for AISI1045 steel :

Asteel_Stress = AISI_Load ./ AISI_OArea ; % imported

load divided by original area
Asteel_Engineering_Strain = AISI_Extension ./ AISI_OLength ;
% imported change in length divided by original length

plot(Asteel_Engineering_Strain, Asteel_Stress) ; % IDK!!!!!!

figure % to plot both graphs on different figures at
the same time

% Engineering Stress-Strain graph for Aluminum 6061-T6 :

Aaluminum_Stress = aluminum_Load ./ aluminum_OArea ; %

using the same method as the one used for AISI1045 steel
Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain = aluminum_Extension ./
aluminum_OLength ;

plot(Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain, Aaluminum_Stress) ;

Figure 1 Figure 2
Part B:
%% Part B

% Elastic Modulus: ? = ?/? of any point in the elastic

region ;

% for AISI1045 Steel :

Bsteel_sigma2 = Asteel_Stress(50,1) ;
Bsteel_sigma1 = Asteel_Stress(39,1) ;

Bsteel_epsilon2 = Asteel_Engineering_Strain(50,1) ;
Bsteel_epsilon1 = Asteel_Engineering_Strain(39,1) ;

Bsteel_Elastic_Modulus = (Bsteel_sigma1 ) / (Bsteel_epsilon1

) ;

% For Aluminum 6061-T6:

Baluminum_sigma2 = Aaluminum_Stress(50,1) ;
Baluminum_sigma1 = Aaluminum_Stress(39,1) ;

Baluminum_epsilon2 = Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain(50,1) ;
Baluminum_epsilon1 = Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain(39,1) ;

Baluminum_Elastic_Modulus = (Baluminum_sigma2 ) /
(Baluminum_epsilon2 ) ;
Part C:
%% Part C

% The ultimate tensile strength = maximum load / original

area
% The yield tensile strength will be found by using the
elastic modulus formula.

%For AISI1045 Steel:

Csteel_maximum_load = max(AISI_Load, [], 'all');

Csteel_Ultimate_Tensile_Strength = Csteel_maximum_load /
AISI_OArea ;
Csteel_Yield_Tensile_Strength = 0.002 *
Bsteel_Elastic_Modulus ; % from the elastic module formula
and the 2% offset method "E=sigma/epsilon"

% For Aluminum 6061-T6:

Caluminum_maximum_load = max(aluminum_Load, [],'all') ;

Caluminum_Ultimate_Tensile_Strength = Caluminum_maximum_load
/ aluminum_OArea ;
Caluminum_Yield_Tensile_Strength = 0.002 *
Baluminum_Elastic_Modulus ; % same method used for AISI.
Part D:
%% Part D

% True Stress-Strain graph for AISI1045 steel :

Dsteel_True_Stress = Asteel_Stress .*(1 +
Asteel_Engineering_Strain) ;
Dsteel_True_strain = AISI_TStrain ;

plot(Dsteel_True_strain, Dsteel_True_Stress) ;
hold
plot(Asteel_Engineering_Strain, Asteel_Stress) ;
figure

% True Stress-Strain graph for Aluminum 6061-T6 :

Daluminum_True_Stress = Aaluminum_Stress .*(1 +
Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain) ;
Daluminum_True_Strain = aluminum_TStrain ;

plot(Daluminum_True_Strain, Daluminum_True_Stress);
hold
plot(Aaluminum_Engineering_Strain, Aaluminum_Stress) ;

Figure 3 Figure 4
Part E:

Toughness refers to a metal's capacity to bend plastically and absorb energy before
fracture. The ductility of a material is a measure of how much it can flex plastically before
breaking. A solid blend of strength and ductility is the key to toughness. Toughness is greater
in a material with high strength and low ductility than in a material with low strength and
high ductility. As a result, calculating the area under the stress strain curve from a tensile test
is one method of measuring toughness. This number is simply known as "material
toughness," and it is measured in units of energy per volume. Material toughness relates to a
steady absorption of energy by the material.
We can observe from figure 3 that Aluminum 6061-T6 has a high level of toughness
and the level of ductility is high because we can observe that the area under the stress strain
graph is large. however, Aluminum has low strength since it has a lower ultimate tensile
strength compared to Steel. On the other hand, when we observe figure 4 AISI1045 Steel has
a very high strength and a low level of toughness compared to Aluminum this is due the
relatively low ductility of the material.
%% Part F

% First we need to find the strain hardening exponent so we

can calculate the strength coefficient easily

% For AISI1045 Steel:

Fsteel_True_Stress1 = Dsteel_True_Stress(105,1) ;
Fsteel_True_Stress2 = Dsteel_True_Stress(115,1) ;

Fsteel_True_Strain1 = Dsteel_True_strain(105,1) ;
Fsteel_True_Strain2 = Dsteel_True_strain(115,1) ;

Fsteel_Stain_Hardening_Exponant =
(log10(Fsteel_True_Stress2)-log10(Fsteel_True_Stress1)) /
(log10(Fsteel_True_Strain2)-log10(Fsteel_True_Strain1)) ;

% Now we can easily calculate the strength coefficient with

the formula "Stress in the plastic region = K*e^n"

Fsteel_True_Stress_Plastic = Dsteel_True_Stress(105,1) ;
Fsteel_Strength_Coefficient = Fsteel_True_Stress_Plastic /
(exp(1)^Fsteel_Stain_Hardening_Exponant) ;

% For Aluminum 6061-T6:

% Same steps used for AISI1045 steel:

Faluminum_True_Stress1 = Daluminum_True_Stress(105,1) ;
Faluminum_True_Stress2 = Daluminum_True_Stress(115,1) ;

Faluminum_True_Strain1 = Daluminum_True_Strain(105,1) ;
Faluminum_True_Strain2 = Daluminum_True_Strain(115,1) ;

Faluminum_Stain_Hardening_Exponant =
(log10(Faluminum_True_Stress2)-
log10(Faluminum_True_Stress1)) /
(log10(Faluminum_True_Strain2)-
log10(Faluminum_True_Strain1)) ;

% Strength coefficient
Faluminum_True_Stress_Plastic = Daluminum_True_Stress(105,1)
;
Faluminum_Strength_Coefficient =
Faluminum_True_Stress_Plastic /
(exp(1)^Faluminum_Stain_Hardening_Exponant) ;

In my calculations I found that the Strength coefficient for AISI1045 Steel K

=861.3104. However, in the literature data, I found that K values are between 700 and 850.
For the strain hardening exponent I found that n=0.2040 while in the literature data I
found that n is around 0.15. this deviation might be caused by calculation errors I have
made or by the different of composition of the material.

In my calculations I found that the Strength coefficient for Aluminum 6061-T6 l K

=288.4037. However, in the literature data, I found that K values are between 240 and 400.
For the strain hardening exponent I found that n=0.1488while in the literature data I found
that n is between 0.10 and 0.15. this deviation might be caused by calculation errors I have
made or by the different of composition of the material.
References:

https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/mechanical-
testing-tensile-testing-part-1-069

matlab.com

https://www.instron.com/en/our-company/library/glossary/m/modulus-of-
elasticity#:~:text=Modulus%20%3D(%CF%832%20%2D%20%CF
%831)%20%2F,the%20material's%20original%20gauge%20length.

http://tigerquest.com/Mechanical/Manufacturing%20Processes/Flow%20Curve
%20and%20Typical%20Values%20of%20Strength%20Coefficient%20K%20and
%20Strain%20Hardening%20Exponent%20n%20for%20Selected
%20Materials.php

https://www.nde-ed.org/Physics/Materials/Mechanical/Creep.xhtml