 Oliver Cromwell (puritan dictatorship) was the one who executed King Charles I (30, January

1649)
 After Oliver Cromwell’s death, the monarchy was restored.
 Charles II of England (1660 – 1685)
 Constitutional monarchy – more liberty for culture/arts
 Dissenters of Non-Conformists – Daniel Defoe
 Church of England – ministers even women can be priests, and they can be married
 The great Plague of London 1665 – by William Blake (1757- 1827)
 A Prophecy by Europe (1794)
 The great Fire of London 1666 – almost whole city was burnt down
 St.Pauls Cathedral was re-built in the classical style of Rome (by Christopher Wiren)
 Charles II was followed by his brother James II (1685 1688)
 James II was followed by Mary II (1689 -94) and William III (1689 – 1702)
 The glorious revolution
 The battle of the Boyne(1690) by Jan Wyck marching 12 July
 The Bill of Rights (1689) – Four important royal prerogatives were abolished:
o The suspending power ( the right to suspend laws)
o The dispensing power (the right to exempt individual person
from the law)
o The right to levy taxes without consent
o The keeping of a standing army
 The Beggar’s Opera – main roles: criminals, prostitute
 In Shakespeare’s times women roles were played by men, but now there were played by the
women themselves
 Tories – the conservative party (represent the aristocracy whose money came from the land
they had inherited and had worked by the upper classes)
 The parliamentarians turned into the Whigs (represented by the beginnings of the industry)
 The Industrial revolution
 In the 18thcentury the Tories are the conservatives (the party of the industry trade of money
and businesses – in the 19th and 20th century)
 The Whigs became the liberal party in the 19 th and 20th century
 Still have this name

Eighteenth – Century Britain

 Queen Elizabeth I
 The Seven Years´ War
 Boston Tea Party – no taxation without representation
 4th July 1776 was signed the American declaration, after the American independence War
 Franklin, Jefferson, the ones who signed the declaration
 Soon after the American Independence War was the French Revolutionary war
 Internal Politics
 o The Whigs supported Protestant Succession, they stood for religious tolerance of some
kind and drew support from Dissenters
o The Tories still tend to see James II and his descendants as the rightful kings
 George I was the first British monarch who does not speak English, but German
 The agricultural Revolution
 Jafri Tull – agricultural pioneer, developed improved farming methods and implements such as
the seed drill