MATH113

CALCULUS 1
(Differential Calculus)
By: ENGR. CLYDE SHENE O. FLORES
4 DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Knowing the derivatives of the sine and cosine functions, you can use
the Quotient Rule to find the derivatives of the four remaining
trigonometric functions.
d d sinx
(tanx) = ( )
dx dx cosx
cosx d [sinx] – sinx d [cosx]
= dx dx
(cosx)2
cosx(cosx) – sinx(–sinx)
=
cos2 x
cos2 x + sin2 x
=
cos2 x
1
=
cos2 x
=sec2x
4 DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

d
[ tan x ] = sec2 x
dx

d
[ sec x ] = secx tanx
dx

d
[ cot x ] = –csc2 x
dx

d
[ csc x ] = –cscx cotx
dx
EXAMPLE 13 Derivative of Trigonometric functions

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

Function: Derivative:

dy
a. y = x – tanx = 1 – sec2 x
dx

b. y = x sec x y' = x(secx tanx) + (secx)(1)

= secx(x tanx +1)

1 – cosx y' = – cscx cotx – (– csc2x)

c. y =
sinx
y = cscx – cotx = – cscx cotx + csc2x
5 THE CHAIN RULE

If y = f(u) is a differentiable function of u and u = g(x) is a differentiable

function of x, then y = f(g(x)) is a differentiable function of and

dy dy du
= •
dx du dx

or equivalently,

d
[ f(g(x)) ] = f’ (g(x)) g’(x)
dx
EXAMPLE 14 Derivative using Chain Rule

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

Applying the General Power rule:

f(x) = (3x – 2x2)3 u = 3x – 2x2 y = u3

f'(x) = f’ (g(x)) g’(x)

= 3(3x – 2x2)2 (3 – 4x)
= 3(9x2 – 6x3 – 6x3 + 4x4) (3 – 4x)
= 3(9x2 – 12x3 + 4x4) (3 – 4x)
= (27x2 – 36x3 + 12x4) (3 – 4x)
= 81x2 – 108x3 + 36x4 – 108x3 + 144x4 – 48x5
f’(x) = – 48x5 + 180x4 – 216x3 + 81x2
EXAMPLE 15 Derivative using Chain Rule

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

Differentiating functions involving Radicals:

f(x) = (x2 – 1)2

3

2
f(x) = (x2 – 1) 3
u= x2 –1
2
y=u 3

f'(x) = f’ (g(x)) g’(x)

2 2 −
1
= (x – 1) 3 (2x)
3
4x
= 1
3(x – 1) 3
2
3
4x 4x (x2 – 1)2 𝟑
4x (x2 – 1)2
f'(x) = 𝟑 2 = 3 2 • =
3 x –1 3 x –1 3
(x2 – 1)2 3x2 – 3
EXAMPLE 16 Derivative using Chain Rule

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

Differentiating quotients: Constant numerators

–7
g(t) =
(2t – 3)2
g(t) = –7(2t – 3)–2 u = 2t – 3 y = –7u–2
g'(t) = f’ (g(x)) g’(x)
= –7(–2)(2t – 3)–3 (2)
= 28(2t – 3)–3
28
g'(t) =
(2t – 3)3
EXAMPLE 17 Derivative using Chain Rule

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

Simplifying the derivative of a power
3x – 1 2 3x – 1
y=( ) u= y = u2
x +3
2 x2 + 3
3x – 1 (x2 + 3)(3) – (3x – 1)(2x)
y’ = 2 ( 2 )( )
x +3 (x2 + 3)2
6x – 2 1 (3x2 + 9 –(6x2 – 2x)
=( 2 ) ( )
x +3 (x2 + 3)2
(6x – 2) (–3x2 + 2x + 9)
=
(x2 + 3)3
–18x3 + 12x2 + 54x + 6x2 – 4x – 18
=
(x2 + 3)3
–18x3 + 18x2 + 50x – 18
y’ =
(x2 + 3)3