Public Administration in Islam

Under Pious Caliphate

1. Election of Caliph

2. Principle of Consultation

3. Responsibilities of Islamic State (Principles of Political System)

4. Powers and Responsibilities of Caliph (As Executive Head of State)

 Supreme Commander of Armed Forces

 Head of Administration
 Judicial Powers (Appointment of Judges)
 Appointment of Governors
 Led the prayers
 Powers in Foreign Relations (Appointment of Ambassadors, Negotiation of
Treaties, etc.)

5. Departments of Government

a. Finance (Bait ul Mal)  By Hazrat Umar RA due to standing army and

expansion of empire
b. Military
c. Intelligence
d. Communications/Correspondence
e. Taxation (Zakat, Khums, Ushr, Khiraj from conquered areas, Spoils of War)

6. Provincial Administration (Hazrat Umar RA)

a. Kofa
b. Basra
c. Syria
d. Lebanon
e. Iran
f. Khurasan
g. Hazrat Usman made some new provinces
 7. Judicial System (Independence of Judiciary)

8. Social Safety Net

 Grants for wives and relative of Prophet
 Needy and the poor
 Pension

a. Hazrat Abu Bakar RA  War against those who refused to pay taxes +
Compilation of Quran after so many Hifaaz were martyred in Jang e Yamama

b. Hazrat Umar RA

 Instructions to Governors. Used to read his JD once reached

(Appointment as Public Servants, Don’t close your doors, don’t ride a
Turkish horse, don’t wear thin dress, don’t eat luxurious food, don’t keep a
guard on door, declaration of assets, etc.)
 Accountability of Office Holders
 Dismissed Hazrat Saad bin Ibi Waqas and Hazrat Ammar bin Yasir as
Provincial Governors on public complaints
 No governor had the authority to dismiss a Qazi, Handsome salaries
 Standing Army

c. Hazrat Ali
 Dispute over the ownership of an armor with a Jew  Case before Qazi
and Hazrat Ali lost  The jew embraced Islam

Bravery and Juridical Wisdom of Hazrat Ali (Karim Dad Chughtai’s Book)
Hazrat Ali’s Letters
 Fundamentals of Islam
Philosophical Arguments for the existence of God
1) Intelligent Design Argument
2) Fine Tuning Argument
3) First Cause Argument /Cosmological Argument
4) Ontological Argument

Unity in Person
Unity in Attributes
Unity in Action

Prophet hood and Finality of Prophet hood

Nature of Prophet hood
 Gift  Choice of Allah
Qualities of a Prophet
1) Human (I am a man like)
2) Knowledge is bestowed by Allah
3) Infallible
Finality of Prophet hood
1) Proof from Quran and Hadith
2) Universality
3) Annulment of Previous Shariahs
4) Protection of Quran
5) Projection of Sunnah

Logical Arguments in favor of After life

1) Destruction of Life
 2) Possibility of Rebirth - Sura Hajj
3) Record of Human Actions
4) Accountability – Opium of the Masses

Hazrat Uzair AS